EFEITOS DE RESTOS CULTURAIS DE MILHO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE CAFEEIROS

Coffee crop planted to areas previously planted to corn have experienced negative effects on seedlings development, probably due to allelochemicals left in the soil by corn plants. With the objective of identifying the effects of corn straws on the initial growth and development of coffee seedlings, one greenhouse experiment was established at the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil. The treatments were constituted by four coffee cultivars planted to pots filled with a mixture of field soil and five corn hybrid dried straws, harvested from field at flowering stage and incorporated at 8 t ha-1. Coffee seedlings growth parameters were measured at 7, 30, 60, and 90 days after planting (DAP). The GNZ 2004 corn hybrid straw promoted 18,76% increase in coffee seedlings leaf area at 90 DAP when compared with control without straw. Chlorophyll content and stem dry matter of Catuaí coffee cultivar were inhibited by GNZ 2005 corn hybrid, however GNZ 2004 promoted increase in these parameters of Topázio cultivar. Straw incorporation of GNZ 2004 and P30K75 corn hybrids showed increase in roots dry matter accumulation of coffee seedlings at 90 DAP.A implantação da cultura de café em áreas plantadas com milho em anos anteriores tem mostrado efeitos negativos sobre o desenvolvimento das mudas transplantadas, provavelmente devido aos aleloquímicos do milho deixados no solo. Com o objetivo de identificar, em casa-de-vegetação, os efeitos que palhas de milho exercem sobre o crescimento inicial de plantas de café, foi instalado um experimento, na UFLA, Lavras – Minas Gerais. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cultivares de café e incorporações de palhas de híbridos de milho colhidas em campo, no estádio 2, emissão do pendão. Efetuou-se a incorporação na proporção de 8 t ha-1 de palha seca, em seguida plantou-se as mudas, sendo estas avaliadas aos 7, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o plantio. O híbrido de milho GNZ 2004, quando incorporado, causou aumento de 18,76% na área foliar de plantas de café, em relação ao tratamento sem palha aos 90 DAP. O teor de clorofila e a biomassa seca do caule do cultivar de café Catucaí foram prejudicados pela palha do híbrido de milho GNZ2005, entretanto, o Topázio foi beneficiado pela palha do GNZ2004. A incorporação de palha dos híbridos GNZ2004 e P30K75 favoreceram o acúmulo de biomassa pelas raízes de plantas de café aos 90 DAP. 

Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Background: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97\ub71 (95% UI 95\ub78-98\ub71) in Iceland, followed by 96\ub76 (94\ub79-97\ub79) in Norway and 96\ub71 (94\ub75-97\ub73) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18\ub76 (13\ub71-24\ub74) in the Central African Republic, 19\ub70 (14\ub73-23\ub77) in Somalia, and 23\ub74 (20\ub72-26\ub78) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91\ub75 (89\ub71-93\ub76) in Beijing to 48\ub70 (43\ub74-53\ub72) in Tibet (a 43\ub75-point difference), while India saw a 30\ub78-point disparity, from 64\ub78 (59\ub76-68\ub78) in Goa to 34\ub70 (30\ub73-38\ub71) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4\ub78-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20\ub79-point to 17\ub70-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17\ub72-point to 20\ub74-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle- SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view-and subsequent provision-of quality health care for all populations

Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97·1 (95% UI 95·8-98·1) in Iceland, followed by 96·6 (94·9-97·9) in Norway and 96·1 (94·5-97·3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18·6 (13·1-24·4) in the Central African Republic, 19·0 (14·3-23·7) in Somalia, and 23·4 (20·2-26·8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91·5 (89·1-93·6) in Beijing to 48·0 (43·4-53·2) in Tibet (a 43·5-point difference), while India saw a 30·8-point disparity, from 64·8 (59·6-68·8) in Goa to 34·0 (30·3-38·1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4·8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20·9-point to 17·0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17·2-point to 20·4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle- SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view - and subsequent provision - of quality health care for all populations

Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

BACKGROUND: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. METHODS: Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

ATIVIDADE DA FOSFATASE ÁCIDA NO FEIJOEIRO E SUA CORRELAÇÃO COM PARÂMETROS DE CRESCIMENTO ACTIVITY OF ACID PHOSPHATASE IN COMMON BEAN AND ITS CORRELATION WITH SOME PARAMETERS OF PLANT GROWTH

<!-- @page { margin: 2cm } --> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Um experimento em condições de campo foi realizado no campo experimental da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Goiânia (GO), com a finalidade de selecionar parâmetros representativos do desenvolvimento do feijoeiro (<em>Phaseolus</em> <em>vulgaris</em> L.) para serem correlacionados com a atividade da fosfatase ácida. A importância desta fosfatase está relacionada com a sua habilidade de retirar fósforo em condições de baixo teor deste nutriente em solo ácido. Foram testadas cinco cultivares de feijão através do recolhimento semanal de plantas entre 7 e 56 dias após germinação. Os maiores valores da atividade, em ordem decrescente, foram observadas nas cultivares LM 300030, Carioca, A-176, CNF-l0 e Jalo, em plantas com idade entre 7 e 14 dias. Todos os parâmetros de crescimento analisados correlacionaram-se negativamente com a atividade desta enzima. Por isso, a atividade da fosfatase foi considerada um mecanismo complementar que a planta utiliza para suprir suas necessidades em fósforo. As curvas de atividade da fosfatase ácida, fósforo inorgânico e fósforo total foram semelhantes e expressas por equações do segundo grau, enquanto os fósforos, inorgânico e total, decresceram de acordo com o modelo negativo de equações exponenciais.</span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fosfatase; acidez do solo; feijão; <em>Phaseolus</em> <em>vulgaris</em>; genótipos.</span></span></p><!-- @page { margin: 2cm } --> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field of Embrapa Arroz e Feijão with the objective to select representative parameters of the common bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.) plant growth to be correlated with acid phosphatase activity. The importance of this phosphatase is related with its ability to improve phosphorus up fall under low concentration in acid soil. Five common bean cultivars were tested harvesting plants at weekly interval starting from 7 till 56 days after germination. The enzyme activity in decreasing order was observed in the LM 300030, Carioca, A-176, CNF-10 and Jalo cultivars at l4 day old plants. All the plant parameters analyzed correlated negatively with enzyme activity. Then, the phosphatase activity was considered as a complementary mechanism to the plant to supply its phosphorus needs. The curves of acid phosphatase activity, inorganic and total phosphorus were similar and expressed by second grade equations while both, inorganic and total phosphorus, decreased according to negatively exponential equation modelings. </span></span></p> <p class="western" align="justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">KEY-WORDS: Phosphatase; acid soil; common bean; <em>Phaseolus</em> <em>vulgaris</em>; genotypes.</span></span></p&gt

EFEITOS DE RESTOS CULTURAIS DE MILHO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE CAFEEIROS

A implantação da cultura de café em áreas plantadas com milho em anos anteriores tem mostrado efeitos negativos sobre o desenvolvimento das mudas transplantadas, provavelmente devido aos aleloquímicos do milho deixados no solo. Com o objetivo de identificar, em casa-de-vegetação, os efeitos que palhas de milho exercem sobre o crescimento inicial de plantas de café, foi instalado um experimento, na UFLA, Lavras � Minas Gerais. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cultivares de café e incorporações de palhas de híbridos de milho colhidas em campo, no estádio 2, emissão do pendão. Efetuou-se a incorporação na proporção de 8 t ha-1 de palha seca, em seguida plantou-se as mudas, sendo estas avaliadas aos 7, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o plantio. O híbrido de milho GNZ 2004, quando incorporado, causou aumento de 18,76% na área foliar de plantas de café, em relação ao tratamento sem palha aos 90 DAP. O teor de clorofila e a biomassa seca do caule do cultivar de café Catucaí foram prejudicados pela palha do híbrido de milho GNZ2005, entretanto, o Topázio foi beneficiado pela palha do GNZ2004. A incorporação de palha dos híbridos GNZ2004 e P30K75 favoreceram o acúmulo de biomassa pelas raízes de plantas de café aos 90 DAP

NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON NUTRIENTS CONCENTRATION OF GRASS XARAÉS NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON NUTRIENTS CONCENTRATION OF ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA E POTÁSSICA NA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE NUTRIENTES DO CAPIM-XARAÉS

<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">The experiment was carried out in glasshouse, at Rice and Beans Embrapa aiming to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization, on nutrients concentration in grass Xaraés. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme combination<span>  </span>(four doses of N: 0; 25, 50 and 100 mg dm-3 and four doses of K: 0; 25, 50 and 100 mg dm-3) with three replicates. The nitrogen source utilized, was urea and the K source was potassium chloride. Three cuttings were performed with 30 days intervals. Each dose of nitrogen and potassium fertilization was split into three applications. The forage plant was cut at a height of 5 cm from the ground.<span>  </span>The results showed significant interactions between doses of nitrogen and potassium that increases the leaf nitrogen and potassium concentrations. Nitrogen fertilization increased the potassium, copper and iron concentration. Considering that the plant used in this study is a new cultivar, it suggests studies of these nutrients, in a field condition, in order to get more information on this forage plant so that the handling strategies one becomes more efficient.</span> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">KEY WORDS: Brachiaria brizantha cv. xaraés, macronutrients, micronutrients, potassium chloride and urea</span></p> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">Desenvolveu-se o experimento em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, com o objetivo de se avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada e potássica na concentração de nutrientes do capim-xaraés. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 (quatro doses de nitrogênio: 0; 25, 50 e 100 mg dm-3 e quatro doses de potássio: 0; 25, 50 e 100 mg dm-3) com três repetições. Empregou-se, como fonte de nitrogênio, a uréia e de potássio, o cloreto de potássio. Efetuaram-se três cortes, com intervalos de trinta dias. Cada dose da adubação nitrogenada e potássica foi parcelada em três aplicações. Cortou-se a forrageira a uma altura de 5 cm do solo. A interação entre doses de nitrogênio e potássio promoveu aumentos significativos nas concentrações foliares de nitrogênio e fósforo. A adubação nitrogenada aumentou a concentração de potássio, cobre e ferro, enquanto a adubação potássica aumentou a concentração de potássio, mesmo com altos teores de potássio no solo. Contudo, por se tratar de um cultivar novo, sugerem-se estudos dessas variáveis, em condições de campo, de modo a se obter mais informações na absorção de nutrientes para esse cultivar, para que as estratégias de manejo sejam mais eficientes.</span> <p><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'">PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Brachiaria brizantha cv. xaraés, cloreto de potássio, macronutrientes, micronutrientes e uréia.</span></p&gt

EXTRAÇÃO DE NUTRIENTES PELA FITOMASSA DE CULTIVARES DE Brachiaria brizantha SOB DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO

Adequate amounts and balanced proportions of nutrient supplyis fundamental for the forage productive process. For the fertilization handling, forage plant nutrient requiriment must be known and, consequently, the plant capacity to extract soil nutrients. Therefore, the research had as objective to evaluate the nutrient extraction by Brachiaria brizantha phytomass under nitrogen doses. A randomized complete block experimental design with three replications in a plot repeated in time was used. In the plots, a factorial 3 x 4 arrangement was used, being three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (MG-4,Marandu and Xaraés) and four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150mg.dm-3). Three cuts of evaluation were allocated in time, referring to the time of cuts. The source of nitrogen used was urea. The sharpest treatment effects on phytomass production of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars and nutrient extraction were influenced by the highest nitrogen doses. Xaraés-grass showed greater productivity in relation to the other cultivars, being considered more responsive to the nitrogen fertilization. The maximum macronutrient extraction by Brachiaria brizantha followed the decreasing order for the macronutrients: K > N > P > Mg.> S and micronutrients: Mn > Faith > Zn > Cu, being necessary to restore soil nutrients, with the increase of nitrogen

Production and quality of Jiggs bermudagrass forage on Holstein cow milk production and quality parameters under an intermittent grazing system

Dairy production plays a fundamental role in the Brazilian economy, and high-quality forage is necessary for ruminants to produce satisfactory milk levels, so the aim of the present study was to evaluate the production and quality of Jiggs bermudagrass and its effects on the production and quality parameters of milk from Holstein cows under an intermittent grazing system throughout the year. The experiment was conducted in a randomized design with the four seasons as treatments was replicated five times. The season had a significant effect on the production and nutritional parameters of Jiggs bermudagrass with the highest total dry matter production observed during summer followed by spring and fall. The neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were significantly higher in winter. The In vitro dry matter digestibility was significantly higher in summer, spring and fall. Jiggs bermudagrass is a promising forage for the enhancement of milk production under intermittent stocking. However, its effects vary seasonally that exerts a greater influence during the winter, even with irrigation, because it directly affects milk production and quality. The correlation results demonstrated the importance of better quality forage for increasing milk production without compromising the levels of milk solids.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author