Fortalecimiento de la Comunicación Participativa en la Fundación Horizontes

A través del presente ensayo se analiza y constata como el fortalecimiento de la comunicación participativa genera en los beneficiarios de la Fundacion Horizontes un empoderamiento de los procesos sociales y comunitarios de los cuales participan. Dicho análisis parte de los contenidos teóricos presentes en el DCRSC, los cuales respaldan y garantizan en cierta medida la postura inicial, es fundamental que el lector asuma una postura consiente de la importancia que posee la comunicación participativa en la PSO y los procesos socio comunitarios como alternativas de fortalecimiento y persistencia del tejido social.Through this essay, it is analyzed and verified how the strengthening of participatory communication generates in the beneficiaries of the Horizons Foundation an empowerment of the social and community processes in which they participate. This analysis starts from the theoretical contents present in the DCRSC, which support and guarantee to a certain extent the initial position, it is essential that the reader assume a position that is aware of the importance of participatory communication in the PSO and socio-community processes such as alternatives for strengthening and persisting the social fabric

Formulación de un proyecto de producción limpia, sostenible y controlada, con perspectivas agroecológicas de siete hortalizas en la finca La Esperanza en Guaduas, Cundinamarca, para distribución y comercialización en la ciudad de Bogotá

Se plantea proyecto de producción sostenible, limpia y controlada de siete hortalizas (tomate, cebolla de bulbo, cebolla larga, zanahoria, ajo y espinaca) con perspectivas agroecológicas y sostenibilidad buscando inocuidad en alimentos y salud de consumidor. Asimismo, se realiza estudio de viabilidad técnica detallando aspectos productivos, mercado, ubicación, aspectos administrativos y legales, posteriormente se realiza viabilidad económica y financiera en donde se determina valor presente neto y tasa interna de retorno positiva del proyecto, conjuntamente se aplica estudio de impacto ambiental para determinar la viabilidad de esta y la posible afectación que tenga el proyecto al medio ambiente. Finalmente se proyecta estudio de mercado con la finalidad de identificar clientes potenciales y desarrollar estrategias de comercialización.A sustainable, clean and controlled production project of seven vegetables (tomato, bulb onion, long onion, carrot, garlic and spinach) is proposed with agroecological and sustainability perspectives, seeking food safety and consumer health. Also, a technical feasibility study is carried out for available in production, marketing, location, administrative and legal aspects, subsequently, economic and financial viability is carried out where net present value and positive internal rate of return of the project are determined, then an environmental impact study is applied to determine the viability of this and the possible impact that the project has on the environment. Finally, the market study is planned in order to identify potential customers and develop marketing strategies

Análisis del comercio de mango en el marco del T-MEC, un análisis de competitividad

Mangifera indica L., generally known as mango, is a product in demand throughout the world and especially in the US. The lack of knowledge of the commercial positioning within the framework of the T-MEC of the Mexican mango is a significant problem to study due to the relevance of the product. The goal of this study was to examine the commercial competitiveness of the Mexican mango within the US trade in the framework of the USMCA, through the determination of logarithmic growth rates using data exports, imports, and mango production, as well as commercial competitiveness indices during the period 1994-2020. As a methodology, a data set of production, exports, and imports in tons and dollars was documented. The sources consulted were TRADEMAP, SIAP, USDA, and FAOSTAT in the period 1994-2020 and trade competitiveness indices were calculated. The results indicate that exports grew 361%, and imports grew, but they continue to be insignificant; the indicators showed a positive situation in general, the relative trade balance index was very close to 1, the tradability index was 0.13 on average, the degree of export openness was positive in all years, imports presented in the degree of penetration values ​​very close to 0. We conclude that the demand of the United States grows in greater proportion than the Mexican supply. Therefore, the increases in national production are expected to be absorbed by the US market, leading to a significant and sustained increase in competitiveness.  El Mangifera indica L., conocida generalmente como mango, es un producto demandado en el mundo y especialmente en Estados Unidos. El desconocimiento del posicionamiento comercial en el marco del t-mec del mango mexicano resulta una problemática significativa a estudiar, debido a la relevancia del producto. Se tiene como objetivo examinar la competitividad comercial del mango mexicano dentro del comercio estadounidense en el marco del t-mec, determinando tasas de crecimiento logarítmicas usando exportaciones, importaciones, índices de competitividad comercial y producción del mango de 1994 al 2020. Como metodología, se documentaron datos de producción, exportaciones e importaciones en toneladas y dólares. Se consultaron fuentes como Trademap, siap, usda y fao de 1994 al 2020 y se calcularon índices de competitividad comercial. Los resultados señalan que las exportaciones crecieron 361 %, las importaciones crecieron, pero continúan siendo poco significativas; los indicadores demostraron positividad general, el índice de la balanza comercial relativa fue cercano a 1, el índice de transabilidad fue de 0,13 en promedio, el grado de apertura exportadora fue positivo en dicho periodo y las importaciones presentaron en el grado de penetración valores cercanos a 0. Así, se concluye que la demanda de los Estados Unidos crece en mayor proporción que la oferta mexicana. A futuro, los aumentos de producción nacional serán absorbidos por el mercado estadounidense, por lo que se prevé un aumento significativo y sostenido de la competitividad

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica de pacientes con cirrosis hepática atendidos en el Hospital “Vladimir Lenin”

Introducción: la cirrosis hepática es un estadio avanzado de la evolución de un conjunto de enfermedades crónicas que afectan al hígado, a la que se llega si el agente responsable de la injuria persiste en su acción necro-inflamatoria.Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico de los pacientes con cirrosis hepática atendidos en el servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital General Universitario “Vladimir Ilich Lenin” en el periodo de enero a diciembre del 2020.Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 120 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se trabajó con la totalidad del universo. Se describieron las variables edad, sexo, color de la piel, causa, estadio, complicaciones, evolución y estadía hospitalaria. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva.Resultados: existió un predominio de los pacientes de 50 a 55 años (35%), del sexo masculino (75 %), raza blanca (79 %), con un estadio avanzado de la enfermedad al ingreso (66,7), con una estadía hospitalaria menor a una semana (54,2 %), y evolución clínica favorable al egreso (70,8 %). El principal factor de riesgo fue el alcoholismo (41,6 %) y la complicación más frecuente la ascitis (70,8 %).Conclusiones: la cirrosis hepática, es una enfermedad que cursa asintomática en la mayoría de los casos, y que, muestra síntomas cuando se sobrevienen las complicaciones, muchas de ellas relacionadas con la hipertensión portal, donde un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno mejoraría la calidad de vida y disminuiría la tasa de mortalidad de los pacientes que la padecen

Spontaneous anomalous Hall effect arising from an unconventional compensated magnetic phase in a semiconductor

The anomalous Hall effect, commonly observed in metallic magnets, has been established to originate from the time-reversal symmetry breaking by an internal macroscopic magnetization in ferromagnets or by a non-collinear magnetic order. Here we observe a spontaneous anomalous Hall signal in the absence of an external magnetic field in an epitaxial film of MnTe, which is a semiconductor with a collinear antiparallel magnetic ordering of Mn moments and a vanishing net magnetization. The anomalous Hall effect arises from an unconventional phase with strong time-reversal symmetry breaking and alternating spin polarization in real-space crystal structure and momentum-space electronic structure. The anisotropic crystal environment of magnetic Mn atoms due to the non-magnetic Te atoms is essential for establishing the unconventional phase and generating the anomalous Hall effect.Comment: 34 pages, 14 figure

Exchange bias and two steps magnetization reversal in porous Co/CoO layer

In this paper Co/CoO thick layers (hundreds of nanometers) of different porosity and oxidation degree were prepared in a magnetron sputtering deposition process by tailoring the DC sputtering power, as well as the process gas and target composition. The control of the synthesis parameters allowed the nanostructuration of the films with a singular distribution of closed pores and a controlled amount of CoO. We observed an exchange bias field of 2.8 KOe for porous Co/CoO composites, similar to Co/CoO bilayers but for coatings thicker than 300 nm. Besides, it was observed that the coating presents bistable magnetic features when cooled under zero field conditions as a result of the unusual exchange coupling

Nearly neutral evolution across the Drosophila melanogaster genome

Under the nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution, the proportion of effectively neutral mutations is expected to depend upon the effective population size (Ne). Here, we investigate whether this is the case across the genome of Drosophila melanogaster using polymorphism data from North American and African lines. We show that the ratio of the number of nonsynonymous and synonymous polymorphisms is negatively correlated to the number of synonymous polymorphisms, even when the nonindependence is accounted for. The relationship is such that the proportion of effectively neutral nonsynonymous mutations increases by ∼45% as Ne is halved. However, we also show that this relationship is steeper than expected from an independent estimate of the distribution of fitness effects from the site frequency spectrum. We investigate a number of potential explanations for this and show, using simulation, that this is consistent with a model of genetic hitchhiking: Genetic hitchhiking depresses diversity at neutral and weakly selected sites, but has little effect on the diversity of strongly selected sites

A Study of Faster-Z Evolution in the Great Tit (Parus major)

Sex chromosomes contribute substantially to key evolutionary processes such as speciation and adaptation. Several theories suggest that evolution could occur more rapidly on sex chromosomes, but currently our understanding of whether and how this occurs is limited. Here, we present an analysis of the great tit (Parus major) genome, aiming to detect signals of faster-Z evolution. We find mixed evidence of faster divergence on the Z chromosome than autosomes, with significantly higher divergence being found in ancestral repeats, but not at 4- or 0-fold degenerate sites. Interestingly, some 4-fold sites appear to be selectively constrained, which may mislead analyses that use these sites as the neutral reference (e.g., dN/dS). Consistent with other studies in birds, the mutation rate is significantly higher in males than females, and the long-term Z-to-autosome effective population size ratio is only 0.5, significantly lower than the expected value of 0.75. These are indicative of male-driven evolution and high variance in male reproductive success, respectively. We find no evidence for an increased efficacy of positive selection on the Z chromosome. In contrast, the Z chromosome in great tits appears to be affected by increased genetic drift, which has led to detectable signals of weakened intensity of purifying selection. These results provide further evidence that the Z chromosome often has a low effective population size, and that this has important consequences for its evolution. They also highlight the importance of considering multiple factors that can affect the rate of evolution and effective population sizes of sex chromosomes.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the cross-section of high transverse momentum vector bosons reconstructed as single jets and studies of jet substructure in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the cross-section for high transverse momentum W and Z bosons produced in pp collisions and decaying to all-hadronic final states. The data used in the analysis were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV;{\rm Te}{\rm V}$and correspond to an integrated luminosity of$4.6\;{\rm f}{{{\rm b}}^{-1}}$. The measurement is performed by reconstructing the boosted W or Z bosons in single jets. The reconstructed jet mass is used to identify the W and Z bosons, and a jet substructure method based on energy cluster information in the jet centre-of-mass frame is used to suppress the large multi-jet background. The cross-section for events with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson, with transverse momentum${{p}_{{\rm T}}}\gt 320\;{\rm Ge}{\rm V}$and pseudorapidity$|\eta |\lt 1.9$, is measured to be${{\sigma }_{W+Z}}=8.5\pm 1.7$ pb and is compared to next-to-leading-order calculations. The selected events are further used to study jet grooming techniques