The flavour projection of staggered fermions and the quarter-root trick

It is shown that the flavour projection of staggered fermions can be written as a projection between the fields on four separate, but parallel, lattices, where the fields on each are modified forms of the standard staggered fermion field. Because the staggered Dirac operator acts equally on each lattice, it respects this flavour projection. We show that the system can be gauged in the usual fashion and that this does not interfere with flavour projection. We also consider the path integral, showing that, prior to flavour projection, it evaluates to the same form on each lattice and that this form is equal to that used in the quarter-root trick. The flavour projection leaves a path integral for a single flavour of field on each lattice.Comment: 8 pages, including title pag

Isosceles detector provides maximum resolution in expanded range

Dynamic range expansion system for radio frequency /RF/ signal detection equipment consists of RF amplifiers, RF amplitude modulated detectors, and operational amplifier. The analog output gives maximum resolution over fixed voltage range, without switching. Two minor drawbacks of this circuit are cited

Preventing perioperative bleeding in patients with inherited bleeding disorders

Data sources: Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Coagulopathies Trials Register, a regularly updated database informed by trials identified within electronic databases including MEDLINE. Further defined searches were undertaken in PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Additional hand searching of relevant journals and books of conference proceedings was undertaken. Study selection: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials in people of all ages with haemophilia or VWD undergoing oral or dental procedures using antifibrinolytic agents (tranexamic acid (TXA) or epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA)) to prevent perioperative bleeding compared to no intervention with or without placebo. Data extraction and synthesis: Two authors independently assessed identified publications for inclusion based on defined selection criteria. The two authors performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments using standardised forms and the Cochrane risk of bias tools. A third author, deemed to have particular subject expertise, verified eligibility of inclusion. Results: One randomised, double-blinded placebo controlled trial and one quasi-randomised trial were included. A total of 59 participants with haemophilia undergoing dental extraction were involved. Both trials evidenced a notable reduction in post-operative bleeding following dental extraction when either TXA or EACA were used, in addition to routine preoperative factor replacement, when compared to placebo. The number of post-operative bleeds, amount of blood loss and the need for additional clotting factors were reduced in the groups receiving antifibrinolytic therapy. No eligible trials in people with VWD were identified. Conclusions: Low quality evidence exists to support the use of adjuvant antifibrinolytic therapy to reduce perioperative bleeding in patients with haemophilia undergoing dental extraction. The limited number of trials identified (N=2), minimal sample size (N=28, N=31) and historic nature of the studies, originating from the 1970s, in addition to study heterogeneity and subsequent selection bias results in a low quality evidence grade for recommending adjuvant antifibrinolytic therapy. There is no clear indication to alter current practice utilising antifibrinolytic therapy to manage patients with haemophilia undergoing dental surgery in accordance with internationally accepted guidelines. However, further research with standardised study deigns would be welcomed in order to enhance the evidence base in the management of people with haemophilia and VWD

Transcriptional complex assembly represented in SBGN PD

This poster shows how transcriptional complex assembly can be represented in SBGN Process Description language. Example: LPS-induced TNF-alpha enhancer complex formation

Fair Is Fair—Reshaping Alaska’s Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Act

Few fields of law impact as wide a swath of population as consumer protection law. Alaska adopted its consumer protection statute, the Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Act (UTPCPA), amid a national movement to strengthen consumer protection laws. The UTPCPA uses broad language to encompass a wide range of conduct. However, creative pleading and recent applications of the UTPCPA have expanded the law in ways that threaten Alaska businesses even in the absence of culpable conduct. This Note reviews the history of consumer protection, Alaska’s UTPCPA, and the incentives leading to an expanding application of the UTPCPA. The Note concludes by proposing potential legislative solutions to rein in abuse of the Act

The chiral and flavour projection of Dirac-Kahler fermions in the geometric discretization

It is shown that an exact chiral symmetry can be described for Dirac-Kahler fermions using the two complexes of the geometric discretization. This principle is extended to describe exact flavour projection and it is shown that this necessitates the introduction of a new operator and two new structures of complex. To describe simultaneous chiral and flavour projection, eight complexes are needed in all and it is shown that projection leaves a single flavour of chiral field on each.Comment: v2: 17 pages, Latex. 5 images eps. Added references, reformatted and clarification of some point

Modelling Subrogation as an “Equitable Remedy”

Following the landmark decision of the House of Lords in Banque Financière de la Cité v Parc (Battersea) Ltd, the English courts have come to say that subrogation to extinguished rights is an “equitable remedy” designed to reverse “unjust enrichment”. This creative re-rationalisation requires a fresh look at the nature and operation of this phenomenon, and in particular, at the key components of the “new” orthodoxy — that such subrogation is a “remedy”, which is “equitable” in origin, and is “restitutionary” in aim and effect. A clear understanding of these components is not of merely academic interest. It is vital for a proper understanding of the nature and timing of the entitlements that are afforded to subrogation claimants, and of a court’s role in their recognition and effectuation. On closer examination, the cases reveal an unacknowledged and unresolved tension between two different conceptions of the remedy’s operation: (i) a “strong institutional model”; and (ii) a weaker institutional model, which is labelled the “liability model”. Adopting either model, subrogation is not a drastically “remedial” phenomenon which yields entitlements for claimants only by virtue of some judicial order. Subrogation-justifying facts will immediately trigger some form of entitlement for a subrogation claimant, which arises prior to, and independently of, any subsequent court order. Nevertheless, the nature and quality of this pre-court entitlement, and the court’s role in its recognition and effectuation, will differ depending on the model preferred. On balance, the liability model is the more defensible in principle. It should ultimately prevail.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Thompson Rivers University at http://www.cjccl.ca/watterson-abstract/

The in silico macrophage: toward a better understanding of inflammatory disease

Macrophages function as sentinel, cell-regulatory hubs capable of initiating, perpetuating and contributing to the resolution of an inflammatory response, following their activation from a resting state. Highly complex and varied gene expression programs within the macrophage enable such functional diversity. To investigate how programs of gene expression relate to the phenotypic attributes of the macrophage, the development of in silico modeling methods is needed. Such models need to cover multiple scales, from molecular pathways in cell-autonomous immunity and intercellular communication pathways in tissue inflammation to whole organism response pathways in systemic disease. Here, we highlight the potential of in silico macrophage modeling as an amenable and important yet under-exploited tool in aiding in our understanding of the immune inflammatory response. We also discuss how in silico macrophage modeling can help in future therapeutic strategies for modulating both the acute protective effects of inflammation (such as host defense and tissue repair) and the harmful chronic effects (such as autoimmune diseases).Comment: 7 pages plus 1 figur