Reporte de caso: Pólipo cloacogénico inflamatorio

Introducción: Los pólipos cloacogénicos inflamatorios son lesiones polipoideas benignas muypoco frecuentes. Se encuentran clasificados dentro de los pólipos colónicos no adenomatosos(inflamatorios) y se denominan cloacogénicos por estar localizados en la región de transición anorectal.Su principal forma de presentación es el sangrado rectal (macro o microscópico). Casoclínico: Paciente varón de 64 años con hematoquezia y anemia crónica con tumoración polipoideapalpable a 4cm del margen anal, en el cual se realizó una polipectomía endoscópica que porhistopatología retornó como pólipo cloacogénico inflamatorio. Se constató además diverticulosiscolónica. Conclusión: a pesar de ser lesiones muy poco frecuentes deben ser tenidas en cuentacomo diagnóstico diferencial de todo pólipo en la región anorrectal. Como tratamiento se plantea lapolipectomía endoscópica cuando produzcan síntomas o no se pueda excluir un proceso malign

Concordancia quirúrgico - patológica en el diagnóstico de la apendicitis aguda

Introducción: Es necesario realizar una correcta clasificación de los casos de apendicitis agudadebido a la diferente terapéutica según el estadio. Varios estudios analizaron la concordanciaquirúrgica y patológica con diversos resultados. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar laconcordancia existente entre el diagnóstico quirúrgico hecho por el cirujano y elanatomopatológico hecho por el patólogo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional analíticode pruebas médicas de concordancia inter-observador. Se revisaron 266 fichas de pacientesmayores de 15 años con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda operados en el periodo 2008-2009. Seutilizó estadística descriptiva para la demografía y estadística no paramétrica (índice de kappa)para analizar la concordancia entre el hallazgo quirúrgico y el anatomopatológico. Resultados:266 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 31 años (±13, 15-86) y proporción hombre/mujeraproximada 3:2. El diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda se realizó en un 98% y 94% por los cirujanosy los patólogos respectivamente con un índice kappa de 0,3466 (EE 0,1705, 0,0104-0,6788IC95%). Los cirujanos solo diagnosticaron como tales el 24% de los apéndices sin signosinflamatorios confirmados por patología. Al categorizar las apendicitis agudas en congestivas,flegmonosas y gangrenosas/perforadas se obtuvo un índice kappa de 0,2235 (EE 0,0487, 0,1281-0,3189 IC95%). Se encontró un 6% de apendicectomías negativas. Conclusión: La concordanciaquirúrgico-patológica fue mala. Los cirujanos poseen una inadecuada capacidad para clasificarexactamente los apéndices sanos. La proporción de apendicectomía negativa fue baj

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

2017 update of the WSES guidelines for emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias

Emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias may be associated with worsen outcome and a significant rate of postoperative complications. There is no consensus on management of complicated abdominal hernias. The main matter of debate is about the use of mesh in case of intestinal resection and the type of mesh to be used. Wound infection is the most common complication encountered and represents an immense burden especially in the presence of a mesh. The recurrence rate is an important topic that influences the final outcome. A World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) Consensus Conference was held in Bergamo in July 2013 with the aim to define recommendations for emergency repair of abdominal wall hernias in adults. This document represents the executive summary of the consensus conference approved by a WSES expert panel. In 2016, the guidelines have been revised and updated according to the most recent available literature.Peer reviewe

Complicated intra-abdominal infections in a worldwide context: an observational prospective study (CIAOW Study)

Peer reviewe

Complicated intra-abdominal infections worldwide : the definitive data of the CIAOW Study

Peer reviewe

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

WSES guidelines for emergency repair of complicated abdominal wall hernias

Peer reviewe