63 research outputs found
On trade vouchers called âlocal moneyâ
There is a lot of debate currently about local monies: the âsoproni kĂ©kfrankosâ (Sopron blue franc), the ârĂĄbaközi tallĂ©râ (RĂĄba District thaler), the âpĂ©csi koronaâ (PĂ©cs crown), the âdebreceni fantallĂ©râ (Debrecen fanthaler) and the âveszprĂ©mi koronaâ (VeszprĂ©m crown), all initiatives having been launched recently. Despite the insignificance of local monies on the basis of international experience, local consumers (companies and households alike) may have encountered such instruments every now and then in the recent past. In view of increasing media coverage of the issue, we deemed it timely and necessary to reveal the key facts about these initiatives, and what trade vouchers â commonly known as âlocal moneyâ â actually are.vouchers, local money, local currency.
The map of payments in Hungary
Until recently only aggregate data were available on national payment turnover. In reality, however, there are substantial differences across individual settlements (or between the various districts of Budapest). As a result, there is hardly any settlement which would be more or less on a par with the ânational averageâ in terms of the volume of payments. This paper presents Hungaryâs payments infrastructure (its supply of bank branches, automated teller machines and merchant PoS terminals) and payment transactions between individual counties and settlements â which, in principle, reflect well their economic relationships â plotted on maps and summarised in table form. In addition, data on individual settlements are made available for researchers and those with interest in the subject.payments, map, bank branch, bank card, POS, ATM, transfer, batch credit transfer, direct debit, statistics, county, settlement
Linear programming-based solution methods for constrained partially observable Markov decision processes
Constrained partially observable Markov decision processes (CPOMDPs) have
been used to model various real-world phenomena. However, they are notoriously
difficult to solve to optimality, and there exist only a few approximation
methods for obtaining high-quality solutions. In this study, grid-based
approximations are used in combination with linear programming (LP) models to
generate approximate policies for CPOMDPs. A detailed numerical study is
conducted with six CPOMDP problem instances considering both their finite and
infinite horizon formulations. The quality of approximation algorithms for
solving unconstrained POMDP problems is established through a comparative
analysis with exact solution methods. Then, the performance of the LP-based
CPOMDP solution approaches for varying budget levels is evaluated. Finally, the
flexibility of LP-based approaches is demonstrated by applying deterministic
policy constraints, and a detailed investigation into their impact on rewards
and CPU run time is provided. For most of the finite horizon problems,
deterministic policy constraints are found to have little impact on expected
reward, but they introduce a significant increase to CPU run time. For infinite
horizon problems, the reverse is observed: deterministic policies tend to yield
lower expected total rewards than their stochastic counterparts, but the impact
of deterministic constraints on CPU run time is negligible in this case.
Overall, these results demonstrate that LP models can effectively generate
approximate policies for both finite and infinite horizon problems while
providing the flexibility to incorporate various additional constraints into
the underlying model.Comment: 42 pages, 8 figure
A Prompt-based Few-shot Learning Approach to Software Conflict Detection
A software requirement specification (SRS) document is an essential part of
the software development life cycle which outlines the requirements that a
software program in development must satisfy. This document is often specified
by a diverse group of stakeholders and is subject to continual change, making
the process of maintaining the document and detecting conflicts between
requirements an essential task in software development. Notably, projects that
do not address conflicts in the SRS document early on face considerable
problems later in the development life cycle. These problems incur substantial
costs in terms of time and money, and these costs often become insurmountable
barriers that ultimately result in the termination of a software project
altogether. As a result, early detection of SRS conflicts is critical to
project sustainability. The conflict detection task is approached in numerous
ways, many of which require a significant amount of manual intervention from
developers, or require access to a large amount of labeled, task-specific
training data. In this work, we propose using a prompt-based learning approach
to perform few-shot learning for conflict detection. We compare our results to
supervised learning approaches that use pretrained language models, such as
BERT and its variants. Our results show that prompting with just 32 labeled
examples can achieve a similar level of performance in many key metrics to that
of supervised learning on training sets that are magnitudes larger in size. In
contrast to many other conflict detection approaches, we make no assumptions
about the type of underlying requirements, allowing us to analyze pairings of
both functional and non-functional requirements. This allows us to omit the
potentially expensive task of filtering out non-functional requirements from
our dataset.Comment: 9 pages; 4 figures. To be published In Proceedings of 32nd Annual
International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CASCON
'22
A kutatĂĄsalapĂș tanĂĄrtovĂĄbbkĂ©pzĂ©s alkalmazĂĄsa a projektmĂłdszer tovĂĄbbfejlesztĂ©sĂ©ben
A mĂșzeumok gerontagĂłgiai Ă©s rekreĂĄciĂłs szerepe az idĆskorĂșak szabadidĆ-eltöltĂ©sĂ©ben
TanulmĂĄnyunk fĂłkuszĂĄban az idĆskorĂșak rekreĂĄciĂłs lehetĆsĂ©geinek bemutatĂĄsa ĂĄll, kĂŒlönös
tekintettel a mĂșzeumra, mint az idĆskori mƱvelĆdĂ©s, tanulĂĄs Ă©s rekreĂĄciĂł egyik szĂnterĂ©re. MunkĂĄnk sorĂĄn
kiemelt fontossĂĄgĂș kĂ©rdĂ©skĂ©nt foglalkozunk az idĆskori vĂĄltozĂĄsok rendszerĂ©nek bemutatĂĄsĂĄval Ă©s a rekreĂĄciĂłs tevĂ©kenysĂ©gek
szerepĂ©vel, mivel csak ezek ismeretĂ©ben szervezhetĆ Ă©s vĂ©gezhetĆ idĆseknek szĂłlĂł program.
A szĂŒletĂ©skor vĂĄrhatĂł Ă©lettartam, az ĂĄtlagĂ©letkor emelkedĂ©sĂ©vel hosszabb, aktĂvabb idĆs Ă©letszakaszrĂłl beszĂ©lhetĂŒnk,
mely feltĂ©telezi annak az igĂ©nyĂ©t, hogy a megnövekedett szabadidĆ hasznos Ă©s Ă©rtĂ©kes idĆtöltĂ©ssel teljen.
Fontosnak tartottuk kiemelni a mĂșzeumok szerepĂ©t az idĆskorĂșak rekreĂĄciĂłjĂĄban, hiszen az idĆskori mƱvelĆdĂ©s,
tanulĂĄs, szĂłrakozĂĄs kĂŒlönleges szĂntere lehet, s szĂĄmtalan Ășj lehetĆsĂ©get tartogat. ĂrĂĄsunkban errĆl a tĂ©mĂĄrĂłl adunk
tömör ĂĄttekintĂ©st, kiemelve nĂ©hĂĄny szĂĄmunkra figyelemre mĂ©ltĂł lehetĆsĂ©get, kezdemĂ©nyezĂ©st, jĂł gyakorlatot, tĂ©mavĂĄlasztĂĄsunk
azĂ©rt esett erre a terĂŒletre, mert kevĂ©sbĂ© vizsgĂĄlt tĂ©mĂĄt Ă©rint.
The center of our focus in our studies is the options of elderly people concerning
their recreational activity, putting the emphasis on museum visits as a recreational
activity and method for them to remain cultured, educated and simply unwind. One of our
most important questions in this topic is the introduction to the systematic changes that elderly
people go through and the role of recreational activities, as these informations are inherent
when organizing programs for them. Unquestionably, the expected lifespan upon birth
is longer due to the increase in the average age, resulting in a longer, more active elderly life,
which points us to the fact that when having more freetime, it is essential to spend it more
productively. We found it highly important to emphasize the role of museum visits among
the recreational activities of elderly, as it can be a scene to learning, cultural enrichment and
entertainment, thus providing countless new opportunities.
This is the topic of our writing that we are going to provide a thorough insight into, with specific
emphasis on some of the options, initiatives that we found noteworthy. The reason why
we chose it is that it involves areas that are not considered to be studied often
Civil szervezetek beszåmolåsi kötelezettsége, våltozåsok és tények
Amennyiben ma MagyarorszĂĄgon a civil szfĂ©rĂĄrĂłl beszĂ©lĂŒnk, a törvĂ©nyi szabĂĄlyozĂĄs ellenĂ©re sem messze egyĂ©rtelmƱ kĂ©p tĂĄrul a laikus vagy Ă©pp a szakember szĂĄmĂĄra. A KSH nonprofit tĂĄjĂ©koztatĂłiban 1993 Ăłta ĂĄllnak rendelkezĂ©sre adatok, a bĂrĂłsĂĄgi online keresĆ civil szervezetek azonosĂtĂĄsĂĄra, fĆbb adatainak megismerĂ©sĂ©re mƱködtet adatbĂĄzist, mindemellett, ezektĆl fĂŒggetlenĂŒl vagy Ă©pp ezekre alapozva kevĂ©s a tovĂĄbbi mĂĄsodelemzĂ©s, vagy Ă©pp empirikus jellegƱ kutatĂĄs. A civil szervezetek beszĂĄmolĂĄsi kötelezettsĂ©geivel kapcsolatos vizsgĂĄlĂłdĂĄs ĂșjszerƱ terĂŒlete a civilek kutatĂĄsĂĄnak, apropĂłjĂĄt pedig Ă©pp a sajtĂłban egyre több alkalommal megjelenĆ cikkek adjĂĄk: civilek, akik nem tudnak tĂĄmogatĂĄsokkal elszĂĄmolni, akik nem teszik közĂ© beszĂĄmolĂłikat vagy Ă©pp az SZJA 1% kapcsĂĄn vĂ©lelmezhetĆ valamifĂ©le anomĂĄlia. 2011 Ăłta a civilek beszĂĄmolĂłi is hozzĂĄfĂ©rhetĆek (vagy annak kellene lenniĂŒk) a bĂrĂłsĂĄgi online keresĆben, Ă©s a kutatĂĄsok cĂ©lja ezzel összefĂŒggĂ©sben pedig Ă©ppen az, hogy mikĂ©nt Ă©s hogyan vĂĄltozott a beszĂĄmolĂĄsi kötelezettsĂ©g, megfelelĆen kitöltötteke a beszĂĄmolĂłk, Ă©s mennyire hajlandĂłak rĂ©szleteiben is beszĂĄmolni a szervezetek mƱködĂ©sĂŒkrĆl. Az eredmĂ©nyek szerint Ășgy tƱnik, hogy a kevĂ©sbĂ© kiĂ©lezett elvĂĄrĂĄsnak a beszĂĄmolĂĄsi hajlandĂłsĂĄg lazasĂĄga is velejĂĄrĂłja. Abstract: Considering the Hungarian civic sphere, its situation and characteristics are far from clear and unambiguous equally for nonprofessional and experts, despite the legal regulation. Nonprofit reports of The Hungarian Statistical Office provide data of the sector since 1993. The judicial online browser also runs a database to identify and acquire most important features of organizations of the civic sector. Still, there are only few results of secondary analysis or primary research, dependently or independently from them. The analysis of the reporting requirements seems to be novel field of the civic related researches, the main reason for the examinations are the latest media reports, where those organizations are highlighted, who cannot meet the subsidy related reporting requirement, who do not reveal their financial reports or simply there is some kind of an anomaly of the 1% personal income tax offering. Since 2011, civic organizationsâ reports are (or should be) available in the judicial browser, the objective of the examination is â in relationship with it â to understand how the way of reporting has changed and in what detail organizations are willing to report on their activities. Our results show that a not demanding reporting expectation of the court meets the reporting laziness of some of the civic organizations
Civil szervezetek beszåmolåsi kötelezettsége, våltozåsok és tények
Considering the Hungarian civic sphere, its situation and characteristics are far from clear and unambiguous equally for nonprofessional and experts, despite the legal regulation. Nonprofit reports of The Hungarian Statistical Office provide data of the sector since 1993. The judicial online browser also runs a database to identify and acquire most important features of organizations of the civic sector. Still, there are only few results of secondary analysis or primary research, dependently or independently from them. The analysis of the reporting requirements seems to be novel field of the civic related researches, the main reason for the examinations are the latest media reports, where those organizations are highlighted, who cannot meet the subsidy related reporting requirement, who do not reveal their financial reports or simply there is some kind of an anomaly of the 1% personal income tax offering. Since 2011, civic organizationsâ reports are (or should be) available in the judicial browser, the objective of the examination is â in relationship with it â to understand how the way of reporting has changed and in what detail organizations are willing to report on their activities. Our results show that a not demanding reporting expectation of the court meets the reporting laziness of some of the civic organizations.Amennyiben ma MagyarorszĂĄgon a civil szfĂ©rĂĄrĂłl beszĂ©lĂŒnk, a törvĂ©nyi szabĂĄlyozĂĄs ellenĂ©re sem messze egyĂ©rtelmƱ kĂ©p tĂĄrul a laikus vagy Ă©pp a szakember szĂĄmĂĄra. A KSH nonprofit tĂĄjĂ©koztatĂłiban 1993 Ăłta ĂĄllnak rendelkezĂ©sre adatok, a bĂrĂłsĂĄgi online keresĆ civil szervezetek azonosĂtĂĄsĂĄra, fĆbb adatainak megismerĂ©sĂ©re mƱködtet adatbĂĄzist, mindemellett, ezektĆl fĂŒggetlenĂŒl vagy Ă©pp ezekre alapozva kevĂ©s a tovĂĄbbi mĂĄsodelemzĂ©s, vagy Ă©pp empirikus jellegƱ kutatĂĄs. A civil szervezetek beszĂĄmolĂĄsi kötelezettsĂ©geivel kapcsolatos vizsgĂĄlĂłdĂĄs ĂșjszerƱ terĂŒlete a civilek kutatĂĄsĂĄnak, apropĂłjĂĄt pedig Ă©pp a sajtĂłban egyre több alkalommal megjelenĆ cikkek adjĂĄk: civilek, akik nem tudnak tĂĄmogatĂĄsokkal elszĂĄmolni, akik nem teszik közĂ© beszĂĄmolĂłikat vagy Ă©pp az SZJA 1% kapcsĂĄn vĂ©lelmezhetĆ valamifĂ©le anomĂĄlia. 2011 Ăłta a civilek beszĂĄmolĂłi is hozzĂĄfĂ©rhetĆek (vagy annak kellene lenniĂŒk) a bĂrĂłsĂĄgi online keresĆben, Ă©s a kutatĂĄsok cĂ©lja ezzel összefĂŒggĂ©sben pedig Ă©ppen az, hogy mikĂ©nt Ă©s hogyan vĂĄltozott a beszĂĄmolĂĄsi kötelezettsĂ©g, megfelelĆen kitöltötteke a beszĂĄmolĂłk, Ă©s mennyire hajlandĂłak rĂ©szleteiben is beszĂĄmolni a szervezetek mƱködĂ©sĂŒkrĆl. Az eredmĂ©nyek szerint Ășgy tƱnik, hogy a kevĂ©sbĂ© kiĂ©lezett elvĂĄrĂĄsnak a beszĂĄmolĂĄsi hajlandĂłsĂĄg lazasĂĄga is velejĂĄrĂłja
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