Proposal of model of current consumption variation of an MSIP due to the effect of imbalance due to the presence of surface cracks in the rotor

[EN] This article proposes a model to characterize the current variation in terminals of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (MSIP) as a result of the imbalance effect on the rotor due to a surface crack. The imbalance in the rotor is modeled using the Laval equations with the effect of the surface crack. A model of the air gap variation effect is proposed based on this imbalance, which causes a variation in the inductances of the MSIP model, which in turn causes a variation in current consumption. With this model it is expected to contribute in the field of determination of  hysical parameters, in this case, cracks or imbalances caused by imperfections that behave as such.[ES] En el presente artículo se propone un modelo para caracterizar las variación de corriente en terminales de un motor síncrono de imanes permanentes (MSIP) como consecuencia del efecto de desbalance en el rotor a causa de una grieta superficial. Se modela el desbalance en el rotor mediante las ecuaciones de Laval con acoplamiento del efecto de la grieta superficial. Se propone un modelo de efecto de variación del entrehierro a partir de este desbalance, lo cual origina una variación en las inductancias del modelo del MSIP, que a su vez ocasionan una variación en el consumo de la corriente. Con este modelo se espera contribuir en el campo de determinación de parámetros físicos, en este caso, grietas o desbalances causados por imperfecciones que se comporten como tal.Este trabajo es desarrollado bajo el programa de Doctorado en Optomecatrónica de la Universidad Politécnica de Tulancingo (UPT) en apoyo económico brindado por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) mediante la beca número 622392, y publicado gracias a la labor y trabajo de los miembros de la Revista de Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial (RIAI).Manilla-García, A.; Rivas-Cambero, I.; Guerrero-Rodriguez, NF. (2020). Propuesta de modelo de variación de consumo de corriente de un MSIP por efecto de desbalance por presencia de grietas superficiales en el rotor. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 17(4):424-431. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2020.12200OJS424431174Arana J. L., González J. J., 2011, Mecánica de la fractura, Servicio editorial de la universidad del País Vasco, página. 186.Bachschmid N., Pennacchi P., Tanzi E., 2010, Cracker Rotors, Editorial Springer, pages 109-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01485-7_5Cha Y., Choi W., Büyüköztürk O., Deep Learning‐Based Crack Damage Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks, Computer Aided Civil and Infraestructure Engineering, First published, 23 March 2017, https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12263Dunn M., Carcione A., Blanloeuil P. Veidt M., Critical Aspects of Experimental Damage Detection Methodologies Using Nonlinear Vibro-ultrasonics, Procedia Engineering, Volume 188, 2017, Page 133-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.466.Forth S. C., Newman J. C., Forman R. G., Anomalous Fatigue Crack Growth Data Generated Using the ASTM Standards, Journal of ASTM International, volumen 3, January 2006, https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI13180.Genta G., 2005, Dynamics of Rotating System, editorial Springer, pages 332-354. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28687-XGinsberg, J.H. Mechanical and Structural Vibration: Theory and Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1383673González G. N., De Angelo C. H., Forchetti D. G., Aligia D. A., Diagnostico de fallas en el convertidor del Rotor en Generadores de Inducción con Rotor Bobinado, Revista Iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial, Volumen 15, 2018, páginas 297-308, https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2017.9042.Krause P. C., Wasynczuk O., Sudhoff S. D., 2002, Analisys of electric machinery and drive systems, Editorial Wiley Interscience, pages 109-138. https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470544167Krishnan R., 2010, Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives, Editorial CRC Press, pages 72-105.Manilla-García A., Rivas-Cambero I., Monroy-Anieva J. A., Modelado y análisis de sintonización de velocidad de un MSIP con presencia de fisura mediante algoritmos genéticos, Revista Iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial, https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2018.9767.Xue W., Li Y., Cang S., Jia H.,Wang Z. Chaotic behavior and circuit implementation of a fractional-order permanent magnet synchronous motor model, Journal of the Franklin Institute, 20 de mayo de 2015, pages 2887-2898, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2015.05.025.Zerbst U., Madia M., Vormwald M., Beier H.Th., Fatigue strength and fracture mechanics - A general perspective, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Volume 198, July 2018, Page 2-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.04.030

Importance of Magnesium Status in COVID-19

A large amount of published research points to the interesting concept (hypothesis) that magnesium (Mg) status may have relevance for the outcome of COVID-19 and that Mg could be protective during the COVID disease course. As an essential element, Mg plays basic biochemical, cellular, and physiological roles required for cardiovascular, immunological, respiratory, and neurological functions. Both low serum and dietary Mg have been associated with the severity of COVID-19 outcomes, including mortality; both are also associated with COVID-19 risk factors such as older age, obesity, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and asthma. In addition, populations with high rates of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization tend to consume diets high in modern processed foods, which are generally low in Mg. In this review, we review the research to describe and consider the possible impact of Mg and Mg status on COVID-19 showing that (1) serum Mg between 2.19 and 2.26 mg/dL and dietary Mg intakes > 329 mg/day could be protective during the disease course and (2) inhaled Mg may improve oxygenation of hypoxic COVID-19 patients. In spite of such promise, oral Mg for COVID-19 has thus far been studied only in combination with other nutrients. Mg deficiency is involved in the occurrence and aggravation of neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19, including memory loss, cognition, loss of taste and smell, ataxia, confusion, dizziness, and headache. Potential of zinc and/or Mg as useful for increasing drug therapy effectiveness or reducing adverse effect of anti-COVID-19 drugs is reviewed. Oral Mg trials of patients with COVID-19 are warranted

WASP-4b Arrived Early for the TESS Mission

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) recently observed 18 transits of the hot Jupiter WASP-4b. The sequence of transits occurred 81.6 $\pm$ 11.7 seconds earlier than had been predicted, based on data stretching back to 2007. This is unlikely to be the result of a clock error, because TESS observations of other hot Jupiters (WASP-6b, 18b, and 46b) are compatible with a constant period, ruling out an 81.6-second offset at the 6.4$\sigma$ level. The 1.3-day orbital period of WASP-4b appears to be decreasing at a rate of $\dot{P} = -12.6 \pm 1.2$ milliseconds per year. The apparent period change might be caused by tidal orbital decay or apsidal precession, although both interpretations have shortcomings. The gravitational influence of a third body is another possibility, though at present there is minimal evidence for such a body. Further observations are needed to confirm and understand the timing variation.Comment: AJ accepte

Vanadium Inhalation in a Mouse Model for the Understanding of Air-Suspended Particle Systemic Repercussion

There is an increased concern about the health effects that air-suspended particles have on human health which have been dissected in animal models. Using CD-1 mouse, we explore the effects that vanadium inhalation produce in different tissues and organs. Our findings support the systemic effects of air pollution. In this paper, we describe our findings in different organs in our conditions and contrast our results with the literature

Co-encapsulation of human serum albumin and superparamagnetic iron oxide in PLGA nanoparticles: Part I. Effect of process variables on the mean size

PLGA (poly d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) along with a model drug human serum albumin (HSA) were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method. This Part I will focus on size and size distribution of prepared NPs, whereas encapsulation efficiency will be discussed in Part II. It was found that mean hydrodynamic particle size was influenced by five important process variables. To explore their effects, a five-factorial, three-level experimental design and statistical analysis were carried out using STATISTICA® software. Effect of process variables on the mean size of nanoparticles was investigated and finally conditions to minimize size of NPs were proposed. GAMS™/MINOS software was used for optimization. The mean hydrodynamic size of nanoparticles ranged from 115 to 329 nm depending on the process conditions. Smallest possible mean particle size can be achieved by using low polymer concentration and high dispersion energy (enough sonication time) along with small aqueous/organic volume ratio

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Human Metapneumovirus Inhibits IFN-β Signaling by Downregulating Jak1 and Tyk2 Cellular Levels

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, inhibits type I interferon (IFN) signaling by an unidentified mechanism. In this study, we showed that infection of airway epithelial cells with hMPV decreased cellular level of Janus tyrosine kinase (Jak1) and tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2), due to enhanced proteosomal degradation and reduced gene transcription. In addition, hMPV infection also reduced the surface expression of type I IFN receptor (IFNAR). These inhibitory mechanisms are different from the ones employed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which does not affect Jak1, Tyk2 or IFNAR expression, but degrades downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins 2 (STAT2), although both viruses are pneumoviruses belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. Our study identifies a novel mechanism by which hMPV inhibits STAT1 and 2 activation, ultimately leading to viral evasion of host IFN responses