Investigación de mercado y propuesta de estrategia comercial para estudio de accesorios de moda personalizados, ubicado en la Ciudad de México

El presente trabajo realiza el análisis y evaluación de diversas áreas de Red Machine Studio, una marca mexicana que crea arte con un toque personal, nace de la idea de plasmar la esencia personal en una prenda creada artesanalmente, creando piezas únicas y exclusivas pintadas a mano. Enfocada a diseños atemporales y con una visión "slow fashion". El objetivo general del proyecto es desarrollar el plan comercial mediante estrategias de relaciones públicas y de mercadotecnia digital. Como objetivos específicos se busca conocer a la industria de la moda lenta (slow fashion, producción artesanal y sustentable) y sus principales tendencias del mercado; conocer las tendencias de la moda, prácticas de la competencia y definir y conocer al cliente. Identificar las capacidades de la empresa. Realizar una auditoría de marketing digital y desarrollar la propuesta de mejora para la creación de la estrategia comercial de la empresa. Además de orientar a la empresa en el ramo financiero para poder llevar a cabo las actividades comerciales dentro de la vía legal. Se implementaron varios métodos de recopilación de información, para poder hacer un diagnóstico de la empresa (análisis FODA simple y estratégico, y Business Model Canvas) además de una auditoría de Marketing Digital, esto tuvo como resultado la creación de estrategias específicas para cada área para posicionar a la marca dentro del mercado y dejar un plan de trabajo con el cual se pueda continuar con los procesos de mejora por su cuenta sin la necesidad de interferir permanentemente.ITESO, A.C

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Percepción de la violencia escolar en alumnos de jardín de niños

El artículo presenta resultados parciales de un estudio realizado a 98 niños de cinco y seis 6 años de edad que cursan el nivel de educación preescolar en tercer grado en dos instituciones de contextos distintos. Se aplicó un instrumento que se adaptó desde el CUVE-ESO (Cuestionario sobre Violencia Escolar) que permite medir la percepción de violencia escolar que observan los alumnos. En dicho instrumento se consideran varios tipos de violencia como la violencia física, violencia verbal, violencia por exclusión y disrupción en el aula. En la adaptación que se realizó y después de pilotear el ejercicio en un grupo de tercer grado de preescolar con características parecidas a los que fueron sujetos de la investigación se realizó una adaptación a 16 ítems de los 31 que cuenta el instrumento original. La escala que se trabajó con los estudiantes se adaptó a sus particularidades y se realizó a través de una escala iconográfica.  Se estableció un posicionamiento desde el paradigma positivista de enfoque cuantitativo, es decir, interesa para el estudio cuál tipo de violencia es mayormente percibida por los niños de educación preescolar ya que se parte de la hipótesis de que la violencia física directa es la que más es percibida por los infantes sujetos del estudio. Los resultados encontrados hasta esta fase de la investigación arrojan que en los niños que cursan la educación preescolar y fueron participes de la indagación no es la violencia física la que predomina en su percepción

Mechanisms of Copper Tolerance, Accumulation, and Detoxification in the Marine Macroalga Ulva compressa (Chlorophyta): 20 Years of Research

Copper induces an oxidative stress condition in the marine alga Ulva compressa that is due to the production of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, mainly in organelles. The increase in hydrogen peroxide is accompanied by increases in intracellular calcium and nitric oxide, and there is a crosstalk among these signals. The increase in intracellular calcium activates signaling pathways involving Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinases (CaMKs) and Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs), leading to activation of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and enzymes involved in ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) synthesis. It was recently shown that copper also activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) that participate in the increase in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The increase in gene expression leads to enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes and to enhanced levels of ASC and GSH. In addition, copper induces an increase in photosynthesis leading to an increase in the leve of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH). Copper also induces an increase in activities of enzymes involved in C, N, and S assimilation, allowing the replacement of proteins damaged by oxidative stress. The accumulation of copper in acute exposure involved increases in GSH, phytochelatins (PCs), and metallothioneins (MTs) whereas the accumulation of copper in chronic exposure involved only MTs. Acute and chronic copper exposure induced the accumulation of copper-containing particles in chloroplasts. On the other hand, copper is extruded from the alga with an equimolar amount of GSH. Thus, the increases in activities of antioxidant enzymes, in ASC, GSH, and NADPH levels, and in C, N, and S assimilation, the accumulation of copper-containing particles in chloroplasts, and the extrusion of copper ions from the alga constitute essential mechanisms that participate in the buffering of copper-induced oxidative stress in U. compressa

Associations of Lipid Levels and Cognition: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

ObjectiveHispanics/Latinos in the United States are less aware of their cholesterol levels and have a higher burden of associated adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes than non-Latino whites. Investigations of the associations between cholesterol levels and cognition in this population have often occurred within the context of metabolic syndrome and are limited to select lipids despite the fact that triglycerides (TGs) may be more relevant to the health of Hispanics/Latinos.MethodsBaseline data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, collected from 2008 to 2011, was used to investigate the associations of lipid levels (i.e., TG, total cholesterol, TC; low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C) with cognition (i.e., learning, memory, verbal fluency, and digit symbol substitution, DSS), adjusting for relevant confounders.ResultsIn 7413 participants ages 45 to 74 years from Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American backgrounds, separate, fully adjusted linear regression models revealed that TG levels were inversely associated with DSS performance; however, this relationship was no longer significant once additional cardiovascular disease risk factors were added to the model (p = .06). TC and LDL-C levels (separately) were positively associated with learning and verbal fluency regardless of adjustments (p-values < .05). Separate analyses investigating the effect modification by background and sex revealed a particularly robust association between TC levels and DSS performance for Puerto Ricans and Central Americans (albeit in opposite directions) and an inverse relationship between TG levels and DSS performance for women (p-values < .02).ConclusionsIt is important to consider individual lipid levels and demographic characteristics when investigating associations between cholesterol levels and cognition in Hispanics/Latinos

Brucella canis Is an Intracellular Pathogen That Induces a Lower Proinflammatory Response than Smooth Zoonotic Counterparts

Canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis is a disease of dogs and a zoonotic risk. B. canis harbors most of the virulence determinants defined for the genus, but its pathogenic strategy remains unclear since it has not been demonstrated that this natural rough bacterium is an intracellular pathogen. Studies of B. canis outbreaks in kennel facilities indicated that infected dogs displaying clinical signs did not present hematological alterations. A virulent B. canis strain isolated from those outbreaks readily replicated in different organs of mice for a protracted period. However, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-12 in serum were close to background levels. Furthermore, B. canis induced lower levels of gamma interferon, less inflammation of the spleen, and a reduced number of granulomas in the liver in mice than did B. abortus. When the interaction of B. canis with cells was studied ex vivo, two patterns were observed, a predominant scattered cell-associated pattern of nonviable bacteria and an infrequent intracellular replicative pattern of viable bacteria in a perinuclear location. The second pattern, responsible for the increase in intracellular multiplication, was dependent on the type IV secretion system VirB and was seen only if the inoculum used for cell infections was in early exponential phase. Intracellular replicative B. canis followed an intracellular trafficking route undistinguishable from that of B. abortus. Although B. canis induces a lower proinflammatory response and has a stealthier replication cycle, it still displays the pathogenic properties of the genus and the ability to persist in infected organs based on the ability to multiply intracellularly.Universidad de Costa Rica/[803-B3-761]UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[803-B4-654]UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[803-B5-653]UCR/Costa RicaConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Costa Rica/[FV-0004-13]/CONICIT/Costa RicaInternational Center for Genomic Engineering and Biotechnology/[CRP/12/007]/ICGEB/IndiaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de MicrobiologíaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP

Arquetipos 52

Ha sido un año difícil para todos. Desde que se ordenó el confinamiento voluntario por la COVID-19, hemos tenido que adaptarnos a la nueva normalidad. Para CETYS Universidad, ha signIficado trabajar y estudiar desde casa, estar atentos al semáforo epidemiológico y seguir las recomendaciones de la Secretaría de Salud. La aplicación del Modelo Cetys Flex 360 ha sido clave para la continuidad de la formación educativa. Por otro lado, 2020 ha representado el 40 aniversario de la fundación de la Escuela de Psicología, así como el 25 aniversario de un proyecto importante para la comunidad: el Centro de Atención y Orientación Psicológica (caOp). Así, en la sección de Umbrales, un grupo de docentes, directivos y excolaboradores de la Escuela de Psicología —José Miguel Guzmán, Elizabeth Aguilar, Eric Gutiérrez, Melisa de la Torre, Marina Alvelais, Ivon Guerrero, Ibza América García y otros—, pusieron manos a la obra para rememorar este suceso, además de resaltar la importancia de la salud mental debido al aislamiento social. La invitada especial en la sección Reflejos es Aimee Melo, fotoperiodista que ha estado activa, bajo las precauciones necesarias, recorriendo las calles para retratar sucesos que resumen lo sucedido en el año de la pandemia, y pone al descubierto lo que causa y revela en la ciudad de Tijuana. Finalmente, invitados están a leer los poemas que Ana Chig nos comparte, así como el relato “La roca imperial” de la escritora y editora Rosa Espinoza, y lo mismo el ensayo “La escritura en tiempos del coronavirus” de Jorge Ortega. No resta más que desearles salud estos tiempos que se añoran prósperos y nos exigen buscar para encontrar algo bueno en las cenizas (Alberto Gárate dixit). Continuamos juntos adelante

Associations of insulin resistance with cognition in individuals without diagnosed diabetes: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

AimsInsulin resistance (IR) adversely impacts memory and executive functioning in non-Hispanic whites without diabetes. Less is known in Hispanics/Latinos, despite the fact that Hispanics/Latinos have higher rates of insulin resistance than non-Hispanic whites. We investigated the association between IR and cognition and its variation by age.MethodsData from 5987 participants 45-74 years old without diabetes from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. IR was considered continuously using homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and also dichotomized based on clinically relevant thresholds for hyperinsulinemia (fasting insulin > 84.73 pmol/L or HOMA-IR > 2.6) and sample-based norms (75th percentile of fasting insulin or HOMA-IR). Cognitive testing included the Brief Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT), Verbal Fluency, and Digit Symbol Substitution.ResultsThere was 90% overlap in participant categorization comparing clinically relevant and sample-based thresholds. In separate fully-adjusted linear regression models, age modified the association between HOMA-IR and Digit Symbol Substitution (p = 0.02); advancing age combined with higher HOMA-IR levels resulted in higher scores. Age also modified the association between clinically relevant hyperinsulinemia and B-SEVLT recall (p = 0.03); with increasing age came worse performance for individuals with hyperinsulinemia.ConclusionThe relationship of IR with cognition in Hispanics/Latinos without diabetes may reflect an age- and test-dependent state

Associations of insulin resistance with cognition in individuals without diagnosed diabetes: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

AimsInsulin resistance (IR) adversely impacts memory and executive functioning in non-Hispanic whites without diabetes. Less is known in Hispanics/Latinos, despite the fact that Hispanics/Latinos have higher rates of insulin resistance than non-Hispanic whites. We investigated the association between IR and cognition and its variation by age.MethodsData from 5987 participants 45-74 years old without diabetes from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. IR was considered continuously using homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and also dichotomized based on clinically relevant thresholds for hyperinsulinemia (fasting insulin > 84.73 pmol/L or HOMA-IR > 2.6) and sample-based norms (75th percentile of fasting insulin or HOMA-IR). Cognitive testing included the Brief Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT), Verbal Fluency, and Digit Symbol Substitution.ResultsThere was 90% overlap in participant categorization comparing clinically relevant and sample-based thresholds. In separate fully-adjusted linear regression models, age modified the association between HOMA-IR and Digit Symbol Substitution (p = 0.02); advancing age combined with higher HOMA-IR levels resulted in higher scores. Age also modified the association between clinically relevant hyperinsulinemia and B-SEVLT recall (p = 0.03); with increasing age came worse performance for individuals with hyperinsulinemia.ConclusionThe relationship of IR with cognition in Hispanics/Latinos without diabetes may reflect an age- and test-dependent state

Perspectivas de la Geopolítica en América Latina : casos de estudio

A lo largo de la historia, distintas rivalidades entre países latinoamericanos han impedido la construcción de un imaginario geopolítico regional, incluso en términos de conocimiento disciplinario. Frente a esta dinámica, el presente libro ofrece un análisis de la geopolítica latinoamericana mediante seis casos de estudio que evidencian la relación entre variables de la geopolítica clásica, como las características geográficas que han significado importantes canales de desarrollo social y comercial, así como la relevancia política de los recursos naturales, hasta el reconocimiento de nuevos factores, como la identidad y los imaginarios, propios del análisis académico en la actualidad. La comprensión de estos casos permite demostrar la transversalidad de debates presentes en la Geopolítica. En relación con el rol del Estado, el capítulo 1, analiza su cuestionamiento como figura de poder en un territorio donde no posee legitimidad siendo actores ilegales quienes predominan; mientras que el capítulo 2 representa cómo la política interna de un Estado incide en el ámbito regional al analizar escenarios en cuanto a capacidades reales y sus instituciones. Sobre el debate relacionado con la predominancia de la geografía se desarrollan en los capítulos 3 y 4, siendo los recursos naturales una oportunidad y a la vez un desafío en temas de progreso económico y seguridad nacional para el Estado. Finalmente, en los capítulos 5 y 6 se trabajan las identidades y los imaginarios geopolíticos, y como las interpretaciones de los gobiernos de turno les imprime una dinámica política internacional a disputas territoriales.Throughout history, different disputes among Latin American countries have prevented the arrangement of a regional geopolitical imaginary, even in terms of disciplinary knowledge. Considering that dynamic, this book offers an analysis of Latin American geopolitics through six case studies which show the connection between variables of classical geopolitics, such as geographic features that have meant important approaches of social and commercial development, as well as the political importance of natural resources, up to the recognition of new factors, such as identity and imaginary, usual of current academic analysis. The understanding of these cases confirms the transversality of existing debates in Geopolitics. Regarding the role of the State, chapter 1 analyzes its questioning as a figure of power in a territory where it does not have legitimacy, with illegal actors predominating; while chapter 2 represents how the internal policy of a State influences the regional scope when analyzing scenarios in terms of real capacities and their institutions. The debate related to the prevalence of geography is developed in chapters 3 and 4, positioning natural resources as an opportunity as well as a challenge on issues of economic progress and national security for the State. Finally, chapters 5 and 6 study the identities and geopolitical imaginaries, and how the interpretations of the current governments define an international political dynamic to territorial disputes.Universidad Nacional, Costa RicaEscuela de Relaciones Internacionale