239 research outputs found

    Factors affecting lightning behavior in various regions of the United States

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    2014 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.Lightning activity varies greatly on a global scale. Global maps of total flash density show a strong tendency for lightning to favor continental areas over the open ocean, even in regions with similar instability. Previous studies have attributed the difference to thermodynamic and aerosol differences over continental regions, but the exact cause is still elusive. While this is not a global study, we attempt to characterize lightning activity in 4 different regions of the United States with high resolution Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) networks over one warm season. The regions of study are Washington, D.C. (DC), northern Alabama, central Oklahoma and northeast Colorado. A wide spectrum of environmental characteristics is afforded by these regions. Lightning characteristics include storm total flash rates, positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) strikes and intra-cloud (IC) to CG ratio (IC:CG). This is accomplished by using the CSU Lightning, Environmental, Aerosol and Radar (CLEAR) framework, first developed by Lang and Rutledge (2011), to objectively analyze large amounts of storm data. Lightning activity is provided by a new flash clustering algorithm, which produces total flash rates and IC flash rates when combined with NLDN CG data. The results have shown that lightning behavior has high variability throughout the regions of study. Median total storm flash rates range from approximately 1 flash/min in Alabama and DC to near 8 flashes/min in Colorado. Positive CG flash fractions exhibit a similar relationship with 10% of all CG flashes being positive polarity in Alabama and DC up to 40% in Colorado. The anomalous nature of the Colorado region is evident in all lightning metrics. Colorado is also characterized by an anomalous environment with high cloud base storms and coincident shallow warm cloud depths. Examination of all storms simultaneously has shown that relationships exist between total flash rate and environmental parameters. The similarity of these results to other studies on global scales is striking and provides evidence for the robustness of these relationships. Examination of relationships between radar and lightning intensity metrics are also performed. Similar behaviors between these intensity metrics are observed in all regions

    The Meteorology of Storms that Produce Narrow Bipolar Events

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    Narrow Bipolar Event's (NBE) are compact ( 10 kW in VHF), and impulsive (approx 10 micro s) electrical discharges in thunderstorms, also known as compact intracloud discharges (CIDs). Can be either positive or negative polarity and have distinctive broadband waveform signatures sometimes confused for +CGs in the past by NLDN and other networks. NBEs are related to lightning but are likely optically "dark". As revealed by VHF sensors (both satellite and ground): (1) The most powerful lightning-related VHF sources observed (2) Tend to occur at the beginning of intracloud discharges (3) Difficult to estimate altitude properly due to receiver saturation

    The Ethics of Health Care Reform: Impact on Emergency Medicine

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    The recent enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010, and the ongoing debate over reform of the U.S. health care system, raise numerous important ethical issues. This article reviews basic provisions of the ACA; examines underlying moral and policy issues in the U.S. health care reform debate; and addresses health care reform’s likely effects on access to care, emergency department (ED) crowding, and end‐of‐life care. The article concludes with several suggested actions that emergency physicians (EPs) should take to contribute to the success of health care reform in America.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91230/1/j.1553-2712.2012.01313.x.pd

    Music-related activities on Facebook

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    Despite the current prevalence of users performing musical activities on social media, and on Facebook in particular, little research has examined these behaviors from the perspective of consumer psychology. A cross-sectional, convenience sample of 400 participants (Mage = 22.56, SDage = 7.79) completed an online questionnaire. The findings illustrated that the constructs of opinion leadership, innovativeness, and self-efficacy within the consumer psychology literature were associated with performing music-related activities on Facebook, including the active creation/consumption of music content and use of music listening applications. Thus, music activities performed on Facebook have an overt consumer psychological component. These findings indicate that to understand music-related activities on social media, further research should consider psychological variables in explaining this common and economically important activity

    Cue-Elicited Craving in Heroin Addicts at Different Abstinent Time: An fMRI Pilot Study

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    Objective: We evaluated the effect of short-term and long-term heroin abstinence on brain responses to heroin-related cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Eighteen male heroin addicts following short-term abstinence and 19 male heroin addicts following long-term abstinence underwent fMRI scanning while viewing heroin-related and neutral images. Cue-elicited craving and withdrawal symptoms in the subjects were measured. Results: Following short-term abstinence, greater activation was found in response to heroin cues compared to neutral cues in bilateral temporal, occipital, posterior cingulate, anterior cingulate, thalamus, cerebellum, and left hippocampus. In contrast, activations in bilateral temporal and occipital and deactivations in bilateral frontal, bilateral parietal, left posterior cingulate, insula, thalamus, dorsal striatum, and bilateral cerebellum were observed following long-term abstinence. Direct comparisons between conditions showed greater brain reactivity in response to smoking cues following short-term abstinence. In addition, short-term abstinence had more serious withdrawal symptoms than the long-term. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that compared to short-term, long-term abstinence manifests less serious withdrawal symptoms and significantly decreases neural responses to heroin-related cues in brain regions subserving visual sensory processing, attention, memory, and action planning. These findings suggest that long-term abstinence can decrease the salience of conditioned cues, thereby reducing the risk of relapses. The study's limitations are noted

    RNA Polymerase II cluster dynamics predict mRNA output in living cells

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    Protein clustering is a hallmark of genome regulation in mammalian cells. However, the dynamic molecular processes involved make it difficult to correlate clustering with functional consequences in vivo. We developed a live-cell super-resolution approach to uncover the correlation between mRNA synthesis and the dynamics of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) clusters at a gene locus. For endogenous β-actin genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we observe that short-lived (~8 s) Pol II clusters correlate with basal mRNA output. During serum stimulation, a stereotyped increase in Pol II cluster lifetime correlates with a proportionate increase in the number of mRNAs synthesized. Our findings suggest that transient clustering of Pol II may constitute a pre-transcriptional regulatory event that predictably modulates nascent mRNA output.National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (DP2CA195769

    The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies: multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and acute leukemia

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    Increasing knowledge concerning the biology of hematologic malignancies as well as the role of the immune system in the control of these diseases has led to the development and approval of immunotherapies that are resulting in impressive clinical responses. Therefore, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a hematologic malignancy Cancer Immunotherapy Guidelines panel consisting of physicians, nurses, patient advocates, and patients to develop consensus recommendations for the clinical application of immunotherapy for patients with multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and acute leukemia. These recommendations were developed following the previously established process based on the Institute of Medicine’s clinical practice guidelines. In doing so, a systematic literature search was performed for high-impact studies from 2004 to 2014 and was supplemented with further literature as identified by the panel. The consensus panel met in December of 2014 with the goal to generate consensus recommendations for the clinical use of immunotherapy in patients with hematologic malignancies. During this meeting, consensus panel voting along with discussion were used to rate and review the strength of the supporting evidence from the literature search. These consensus recommendations focus on issues related to patient selection, toxicity management, clinical endpoints, and the sequencing or combination of therapies. Overall, immunotherapy is rapidly emerging as an effective therapeutic strategy for the management of hematologic malignances. Evidence-based consensus recommendations for its clinical application are provided and will be updated as the field evolves

    Virtual Reality in Marketing: A Framework, Review, and Research Agenda

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    [EN] Marketing scholars and practitioners are showing increasing interest in Extended Reality (XR) technologies (XRs), such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR), as very promising technological tools for producing satisfactory consumer experiences that mirror those experienced in physical stores. However, most of the studies published to date lack a certain measure of methodological rigor in their characterization of XR technologies and in the assessment techniques used to characterize the consumer experience, which limits the generalization of the results. We argue that it is necessary to define a rigorous methodological framework for the use of XRs in marketing. This article reviews the literature on XRs in marketing, and provides a conceptual framework to organize this disparate body of work.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities funded project - ATHENEA-DPI2017-91537-EXP and by the European Commission project RHUMBO - H2020-MSCA-ITN-2018-813234Alcañiz Raya, ML.; Bigné, E.; Guixeres, J. (2019). Virtual Reality in Marketing: A Framework, Review, and Research Agenda. Frontiers in Psychology. 10:1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01530S11510Alcañiz, M., Parra, E., & Chicchi Giglioli, I. A. (2018). Virtual Reality as an Emerging Methodology for Leadership Assessment and Training. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01658Alshaal, S. E., Michael, S., Pamporis, A., Herodotou, H., Samaras, G., & Andreou, P. (2016). Enhancing Virtual Reality Systems with Smart Wearable Devices. 2016 17th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM). doi:10.1109/mdm.2016.60Ausin, J. 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