EFECTO DE TRATAMIENTOS PRE-GERMINATIVOS EN LA CALIDAD DE PLÁNTULAS GUAPINOL (HYMENAEA COURBARIL)

This research has evaluated the effect of five pre-germination treatments on the quality and structure of plant locust (Hymenaea courbaril) due to the high variability in the germination and emergency tillage. Five treatments were evaluated by measuring the rate of Germanization and emergency speed; quality parameters (height and diameter) together with biomass (fresh and dry weight) of seedlings, bringing the Dickson quality index were estimated. Each treatment group contained 50 replicates for 250 plants in the experiment. The data were processed with statistical SPSS V.22.0: variance, standard deviation, variance analysis, obtaining statistical tests of binary correlations, repeated measures analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA), intra and inter groups, 95% (P-valor 0.05) of confidence. The results show differences between treatments three (hydration) and four (mechanical scarification) regarding treatment one (thermal) and two (chemical) where no statistically significant difference. Treatment five (witness) has less statistical difference with all other evaluated. These same data for determining a positive effect between application of pre germination treatments and increased seedling quality of 93.0%, this translates to a greater chance of survival of the plant to be transplanted in the field. It is tested combination treatments one and three.Esta investigación ha evaluado el efecto que tiene cinco tratamientos pre-germinativos en la calidad y estructura de las planta de guapinol (Hymenaea courbaril) debido a la elevada variabilidad en la germinación y emergencia con la siembra directa. Se evaluaron cinco tratamientos, midiendo el índice de germanización y velocidad de emergencia, parámetros de calidad (altura y diámetro) junto con la de biomasa (peso fresco y seco) de las plántulas, con lo que se estimó el índice de calidad de Dickson. Cada uno de los tratamientos consto de 50 repeticiones para un total de 250 plántulas dentro del experimento. Los datos se procesaron SPSS V.22.0 con los estadísticos: varianza, desviación estándar, análisis de varianza, obteniendo las pruebas estadísticas de correlaciones binarias, análisis de medidas repetidas y análisis de varianza (ANOVA), intra e inter grupos, a un 95% (P-valor 0.05) de confianza. Los resultados muestran diferencia entre los tratamientos tres (hidratación) y cuatro (escarificación mecánica) respecto al tratamiento uno (térmico) y dos (químico) donde no hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa. El tratamiento cinco (testigo) presenta diferencia estadística menor con todos los demás evaluados. Estos mismos datos permiten determinar un efecto positivo entre la aplicación de tratamientos pre-germinativos y el aumento de la calidad de la plántula de un 93.0%, esto se traduce a mayores posibilidades de sobrevivencia de la planta al ser trasplantada en campo. Debe probarse la combinación de los tratamientos uno y tres

Potential control of forest diseases by solutions of chitosan oligomers, propolis and nanosilver

There is a growing necessity to replace chemical agents with ecofriendly materials, arising from the impact on the environment and/or human health, which calls for the design of new broad-spectrum fungicides. In this work, chitosan oligomers (COs), propolis (Ps) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mixtures in solution were assessed to control the growth of different phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes in vitro. Binary solutions of COs-Ps and COs-AgNPs evinced the highest antifungal effect against Fusarium circinatum and Diplodia pinea fungi, respectively, with a ca. 80% reduction in their mycelial growth. The COs solution by itself also proved to be greatly effective against Gremmeniella abietina, Cryphonectria parasitica and Heterobasidion annosum fungi, causing a reduction of 78%, 86% and 93% in their growth rate, respectively. Likewise, COs also attained a 100% growth inhibition on the oomycete Phytophthora cambivora. On the other hand, Ps inhibited totally the growth of Phytophthora ×alni and Phytophthora plurivora. The application of AgNPs reduced the mycelial growth of F. circinatum and D. pinea. However, the AgNPs in some binary and ternary mixtures had a counter-productive effect on the anti-fungal/oomycete activity. In spite of the fact that the anti-fungal/oomycete activity of the different treatments showed a dependence on the particular type of microorganism, these solutions based on natural compounds can be deemed as a promising tool for control of tree diseases

Perencanaan unit pengawasan mutu pabrik pembekuan udang windu block frozen (bf) head less (hl) dengan kapasitas bahan baku 15.000 kg/hari

Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang kaya akan sumber daya alam di bidang perikanan. Salah satu contoh hasil perikanan Indonesia yang banyak diekspor ke luar negeri adalah udang tetapi udang mudah mengalami kerusakan (most perishable food) sehingga perlu dilakukan suatu proses yang dapat mempertahankan mutu bahan selama distribusi, yakni dengan pembekuan dalam bentuk Block Frozen (BF). Unit pengendalian mutu dibutuhkan agar mutu produk tetap bagus dan terjaga kualitasnya sehingga produk yang dihasilkan konsisten sesuai standar yang telah ditetapkan dan dapat diterima oleh konsumen. Unit pengawasan mutu direncanakan pada pabrik pembekuan udang windu block frozen head less dengan kapasitas bahan baku 15.000 kg/hari. Pengawasan mutu dilakukan terhadap bahan baku yang digunakan, proses produksi, serta produk akhir yang dihasilkan. Kelayakan suatu unit pengawasan mutu ditentukan oleh aspek teknis dan ekonomis. Aspek teknis meliputi sumber daya manusia, prosedur dan pelaksanaan kegiatan pengawasan mutu serta sarana dan prasarana yang digunakan. Aspek ekonomis meliputi total biaya unit pengawasan mutu yang direncanakan terhadap harga jual produk akhir. Perencanaan unit pengawasan mutu pembekuan udang windu block frozen head less dengan kapasitas bahan baku 15.000 kg/hari layak secara teknis karena sumber daya manusia yang digunakan berkualifikasi, prosedur dan pelaksanaan kegiatan pengawasan mutu sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan, letak ruang pengawasan mutu strategis sehingga kegiatan pengawasan mutu dapat berlangsung efektif dan efisien serta tersedianya sarana dan prasarana yang memadai dan lengkap. Unit pengawasan mutu dikatakan layak dari aspek ekonomis apabila tidak melebihi 4% dari total biaya produksi. Jadi, unit pengawasan mutu yang direncanakan dapat dikatakan layak secara ekonomis karena biaya unit pengawasan mutu per unit BF (1,814kg) adalah Rp. 264,99 dengan presentase sebesar 0,24% dari total biaya produksi

Evaluación de la viabilidad de distintas dietas para la producción de Lombrihumus con las especies Eisenia foetida y Eudrillus sp

The current environmental crisis has not left outside its scope the affectation to the health and fertility of the soil when causing an accelerated deterioration of its productive capacity directly affected to the agricultural yields at global level. In response and for the increase of the resilience of the agroecosystems to the unproductiveness of the soils the lombrihumus is used. In this study we test the adaptive and productive capacity of earthworms with different diets: fresh kitchen waste, wet paper, chopped grass and cow manure - control. Previously, the viability of care of the diets was determined with the characterization of waste produced by the campus canteen where the experiment was carried out. The red Californian (Eisenia foetida) and Cuban red (Eudrillus sp) species were used in canoes of one cubic meter (1 m3) where they were fed. The total production, the speed and percentage of assimilation of the diet were measured. In addition, the nutritional analysis of lombrihumus was performed for each treatment. The Variance Analysis (ANOVA) and the Minimum Significant Difference (DMS) were applied to the data obtained in the statistical program SPSS 23.0. The treatments T1 (fresh kitchen waste) and T2 (wet paper) showed significant results in the productive and nutritional aspects, so they can be used as a substitute for the T4 treatment (cow manure - control). The test should be repeated at different times of the year, variable environmental conditions, with a higher number of repetitions and a combination of treatments.La actual crisis medioambiental no ha dejado fuera de su alcance la afectación a la salud y fertilidad del suelo al causar un acelerado deterioro de su capacidad productiva afectado directamente a los rendimientos agrícolas a nivel global. En respuesta y para el aumento de la resiliencia de los agroecosistemas a la improductividad de los suelos se utiliza el lombrihumus. En este estudio testamos la capacidad de adaptación y productiva de las lombrices con distintas dietas: residuos frescos de cocina, papel húmedo, pasto picado y estiércol vacuno - testigo. Previamente se determinó la viabilidad de atención de las dietas con la caracterización de residuos producidos por el comedor universitario del campus donde se llevó el experimento. Se usaron las especies roja californiana (Eisenia foetida) y roja cubana (Eudrillus sp) en canoas de un metro cúbico (1 m3) donde se les suministro el alimento. Se midió la producción total, la velocidad y porcentaje de asimilación de la dieta. Complementariamente se realizó el análisis nutricional del lombrihumus por cada tratamiento. A los datos obtenidos se les aplico el Análisis de la Varianza (ANOVA) y la Diferencia Mínima Significativa (DMS) en el programa estadístico SPSS 23.0. Los tratamientos T1 (residuos frescos de cocina) y T2 (papel húmedo) mostraron resultados significativamente en los aspectos productivos y nutricionales, por ello pueden ser utilizados como sustito del tratamiento T4 (estiércol de vaca – testigo). Deben de repetirse el ensayo en distintas épocas del año, condiciones ambientales variables, con mayor número de repeticiones y combinación de los tratamientos

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross-section in pp collisions at sqrt(s)= 7 TeV using 35 pb-1 of ATLAS data

A measurement of the differential cross-section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |eta|<1.37 and 1.52<=|eta|<2.37 in the transverse energy range 45<=E_T<400GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 35 pb-1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The yields of the signal photons are measured using a data-driven technique, based on the observed distribution of the hadronic energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate and the photon selection criteria. The results are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and found to be in good agreement over four orders of magnitude in cross-section.Comment: 7 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 4 tables, final version published in Physics Letters