ANÁLISE DE CLASSIFICADORES DE ESTÁGIOS SUCESSIONAIS EM UM FRAGMENTO DE MATA ATLÂNTICA

Apesar da reconhecida importância da Mata Atlântica, há uma escassez de estudos utilizando o sensoriamento remoto como ferramenta para identificação e classificação dos diferentes estágios sucessionais de seus remanescentes florestais. Neste estudo comparamos o desempenho de diferentes métodos para classificação de estágio sucessional e investigamos a existência de sazonalidade na resposta espectral de uma floresta tropical densa na Mata Atlântica. Usamos amostras de treinamento de três estágios sucessionais obtidas a partir de uma ortofoto de 2010 e selecionamos imagens Landsat 5 TM para os anos de 2009, 2010 e 2011, considerando os meses de maiores e menores médias históricas de temperatura e precipitação. Para avaliação da sazonalidade da resposta espectral usamos o teste de Mann-Whitney, comparando cada banda do espectro eletromagnético e estágios sucessionais entre as épocas de aquisição das imagens. Para classificação da cobertura vegetal usamos três Índices de vegetação (NDVI, EVI e NDMI) e Análise Discriminante Quadrática (QDA). Comparamos a acurácia dos classificadores a partir de matrizes de validação cruzada. Nossos resultados mostram diferenças significativas entre os estágios sucessionais para todas as bandas espectrais, com melhor distinção na época de menores temperaturas e precipitação. QDA foi o classificador com maior acerto global (92%), seguido por NDMI (68%), NDVI (67%) e EVI (59%). Concluímos que QDA é, dentre os classificadores avaliados, o mais eficiente para classificação sucessional da floresta e que imagens obtidas em época de menor precipitação e temperatura geram uma melhor distinção entre estágios sucessionais para essa fisionomia florestal

CHARACTERIZATION OF SPONTANEOUS NUCLEI OF Clidemia urceolata DC. IN DISTURBED AREAS OF THE ATLANTIC FOREST

A Clidemia urceolata DC. e uma especie pioneira da familia Melastomataceae, que coloniza espontaneamente pastagens abandonadas. Ela forma nucleos de tamanhos variados, onde podem ser observadas outras especies de grupo sucessional mais avancado, podendo constituir uma especie facilitadora. O presente estudo objetivou quantificar e caracterizar os nucleos na bacia hidrografica do rio Barra Mansa - RJ (6.839 ha) (22\ub032'40''22\ub040'60''S e 44\ub012'44\ub006'20''W), tributario do rio Paraiba do Sul. Eles foram georreferenciados e caracterizados quanto ao porte dos individuos de Clidemia urceolata (baixo: H < 0,60 m; medio: 0,60 < H < 1,20 m; e alto: H 651,20 m), adensamento (esparso, medio e adensado), area do nucleo (pequeno: 64500 m2; medio: 500 a 2000 m2; e grande: 652000 m2) e estagio de desenvolvimento (inicial, intermediario e avancado). Foram identificados 26 nucleos, totalizando 7,9 ha. Desses, houve predominio de nucleos com individuos de porte medio (76,92%), pouco adensado (42,31%), tamanho grande (42,31%) e estagio intermediario de desenvolvimento (46,16%), evidenciando que se encontram em formacao, e que a estrategia de colonizacao, reproducao e dispersao da Clidemia urceolata pode contribuir para dinamizar a sucessao ecologica, podendo atuar como agente espontaneo de restauracao florestal das areas perturbadas.Clidemia urceolata DC. is a pioneer species of the family Melastomataceae which colonizes spontaneously abandoned pastures. It forms nuclei of different sizes, where other species of advanced successional groups can be observed, constituting a facilitative species. The present study aimed to quantify and characterize the nuclei in the watershed of Barra Mansa river, Rio de Janeiro state (6.839 ha) (22\ub032'40''22\ub040'60''S e 44\ub012'44\ub006'20''W), which is a tributary of Paraiba do Sul river. They were geographically referenced and characterized regarding to the size of Clidemia urceolata individuals (low: H <0,60 m; medium: 0,60 <H <1,20 m; and high: H 651,20m), densification (scattered, medium and dense), area of the nuclei (small: 64500 m2; medium: 500 to 2000 m2; and large: 652000 m2) and development stage (initial, intermediate and advanced). 26 nuclei were identified, adding up to 7,9 ha. There was the prevalence of nuclei with medium sized individuals (76,92%), slightly dense (42,31%), big area (42,31%) and intermediate developmental stage (46,16%), evidencing that they are in progress and that colonization strategy, reproduction and dispersion of Clidemia urceolata can contribute to boost the ecological succession, being able to act as a spontaneous agent of forest restoration of the disturbed areas

Levantamento fitossociológico como ferramenta para a restauração florestal da Mata Atlântica, no Médio Paraíba do Sul

Phytosociological surveys may consist as decision-making supports for implementation of projects aimed at maintaining the biodiversity or increasing the quality of services provided by the ecosystems. The present study was an immediate making the phytosociological survey of forest formation present at ‘Espaço Ecológico Educativo’, Pinheiral - RJ state, and based on the results, discuss actions needed to restore the remaining. Rectangular plots of 20 x 10 m were installed and distributed randomly in the slopes and alluvial forests, totaling 0.3 ha of the sampling area, about 5.0 % of the forest. All the individuals with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH)> 5.0 cm were recorded. The alluvial forests showed 27 species and density of 1600 ind./ha while in the slope were 37 species and the density of 1393 ind./ha. The Shannon index was 2.98 and the evenness was 0.56 for the forest in the slope and for alluvial forest the diversity was 2.59 and the evenness was 0.48. The floristic composition varied significantly between the forest types. The forest formations present in the area had low richness and diversity of species, demonstrating the need for enrichment in an attempt to restore the biodiversity values found in the reference forest ecosystems.ResumoLevantamentos fitossociológicos constituem uma ferramenta de suporte à tomada de decisão em projetos de restauração florestal, contribuindo com a manutenção da biodiversidade vegetal e com o aumento da qualidade dos serviços prestados por esses ecossistemas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento fitossociológico das formações florestais presentes no Espaço Ecológico Educativo, Pinheiral-RJ e, com base nos resultados, discutir ações necessárias para restauração dos remanescentes. Foram instaladas parcelas retangulares de 20 x10 m, distribuídas arbitrariamente nas florestas de encosta e aluvial, totalizando 0,3 ha de área amostral e cerca de 5,0 % da área florestal. Todos os indivíduos com Diâmetro a Altura do Peito (DAP) > 5,0 cm foram registrados. A floresta aluvial apresentou 27 espécies e densidade de 1.600 ind./ha, enquanto na de encosta foram 37 espécies e densidade de 1.393 ind./ha. O índice de Shannon foi 2,98 e a equabilidade foi 0,56 para floresta de encosta e, respectivamente 2,59 e 0,48, para floresta aluvial. A composição florística variou significativamente entre as duas formações florestais analisadas, as quais apresentaram baixos valores de riqueza e diversidade de espécies, demonstrando a necessidade de enriquecimento com espécies florestais, na tentativa de restabelecer os valores de biodiversidade encontrados em ecossistemas florestais de referência

Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector

The CMS apparatus was identified, a few years before the start of the LHC operation at CERN, to feature properties well suited to particle-flow (PF) reconstruction: a highly-segmented tracker, a fine-grained electromagnetic calorimeter, a hermetic hadron calorimeter, a strong magnetic field, and an excellent muon spectrometer. A fully-fledged PF reconstruction algorithm tuned to the CMS detector was therefore developed and has been consistently used in physics analyses for the first time at a hadron collider. For each collision, the comprehensive list of final-state particles identified and reconstructed by the algorithm provides a global event description that leads to unprecedented CMS performance for jet and hadronic tau decay reconstruction, missing transverse momentum determination, and electron and muon identification. This approach also allows particles from pileup interactions to be identified and enables efficient pileup mitigation methods. The data collected by CMS at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV show excellent agreement with the simulation and confirm the superior PF performance at least up to an average of 20 pileup interactions

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for anomalous couplings in boosted WW/WZ -> l nu q(q)over-bar production in proton-proton collisions at root s=8TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for Physics beyond the Standard Model in Events with Overlapping Photons and Jets

Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at root s = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected background. The first cross section limits on new physics processes resulting in such events are set. The results are interpreted as upper limits on the rate of gluino pair production, utilizing a simplified stealth supersymmetry model. The excluded gluino masses extend up to 1.7 TeV, for a neutralino mass of 200 GeV and exceed previous mass constraints set by analyses targeting events with isolated photons.Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe