14 research outputs found
Host factor PLAC8 is required for pancreas infection by SARS-CoV-2
Although mounting evidence demonstrated that pancreas is infected by SARS-CoV-2
the severity and pathophysiology of pancreatic COVID-19 disease are still unclear. Here
we investigated the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the pancreas and the role
of Placenta-associated protein-8 (PLAC8). Our data showed pancreatic damage in
patients who died from COVID-19. Notably, circulating pancreatic enzymes stratified
patients according to COVID-19 severity and outcome. PLAC8 expression was
associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in postmortem analysis of COVID-19 patients and
functional assays demonstrated the requirement of PLAC8 in SARS-CoV-2 pancreatic
infection. Full SARS-CoV-2 infectious virus revealed a requirement of PLAC8 for efficient
viral infection of pancreatic cell lines. Finally, we observed colocalization of PLAC8 and
SARS-CoV-2 in the pancreas of deceased patients. In conclusion, our data confirm the
human pancreas as a SARS-CoV-2 target and demonstrate the requirement of PLAC8
for SARS-CoV-2 pancreatic infection thereby opening new target opportunities for
COVID-19-associated pancreatic pathogenesis.N
Factores asociados al inicio del consumo de cannabis: una revisión sistemática de estudios de cohortes Factors associated with the onset of cannabis use: a systematic review of cohort studies
Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al inicio del consumo de cannabis a partir de una revisiĂłn sistemática de estudios de cohortes. MĂ©todos: Se realizĂł una bĂşsqueda bibliográfica informatizada utilizando diversas palabras clave y sus combinaciones. Entre los estudios identificados se seleccionaron los estudios originales de diseño longitudinal que utilizaran como variable dependiente el inicio de consumo de cannabis, asĂ como los estudios de revisiĂłn, publicados entre enero de 1980 y mayo de 2004. Se evaluĂł la calidad metodolĂłgica de los estudios mediante 2 revisores, de manera independiente y a partir de unos criterios prestablecidos, clasificando los artĂculos en 3 categorĂas: alta, intermedia o baja calidad. Se midiĂł el nivel de concordancia de los revisores a partir del coeficiente kappa. Resultados: Se identificaron 32 estudios que cumplĂan los criterios de selecciĂłn, de los cuales 13 fueron determinados de alta calidad. Las causas de exclusiĂłn fueron el sesgo de selecciĂłn, por la inclusiĂłn de consumidores al inicio de la cohorte estudiada, y la falta de ajuste por los potenciales confusores. Los factores que se relacionaron con una mayor evidencia con el inicio del consumo de cannabis fueron el sexo masculino, el consumo de tabaco y alcohol, tener una relaciĂłn problemática con los padres y el consumo de cannabis por parte de los amigos. Conclusiones: Los resultados señalan la importancia de diversos factores individuales, familiares y del entorno en el inicio del consumo de cannabis, que deberĂan considerarse de forma conjunta en el abordaje preventivo entre los adolescentes.Objective: To determine the factors associated with the onset of cannabis use through a systematic review of cohort studies. Methods: An internet-based search was performed using several keywords and their combinations. Original studies with longitudinal design and the onset of cannabis use as dependent variable, as well as review studies were included, published between January 1980 and May 2004. Methodology quality of the studies was assessed independently by two reviewers, according to pre-established criteria, in order to classify studies in high, mid or low quality. Agreement between reviewers was assessed through kappa coefficient. Results: A total of 32 relevant studies were identified, of which 13 were of higher quality. Selection bias for the inclusion of consumers at the baseline measurement and lack or insufficient adjustment for confounders were the causes of exclusion. The factors of great evidence related to the onset of cannabis use were masculine sex, consumption of tobacco or alcohol, having a problematic relationship with parents, and cannabis consumption by friends. Conclusion: Results highlight the importance of different individual, family and environmental factors on the onset of cannabis use. These must be considered to properly arrange intervention programs focusing on primary prevention among teenagers
Las emociones surgidas ante un incidente crĂtico en el ámbito del liderazgo eficaz: estudio comparativo entre directivos noveles y expertos
Abstract The research seeks to analyze the emotional response of the novice and expert school leader when a critical incident occurs, that is, an unexpected and destabilizing contingency in the school organization. The design corresponds to a case study of an interpretative nature, where the emotions that are at the base of the decisions made by directors in critical situations were analyzed. The data collection considered social research techniques through focus groups, which allowed capturing the emotions experienced by directors in a more vivid and dialogic way, when confronted with a critical incident, complemented by an online digital logbook in which the registry of the critical incident associated with the leader and the relevance of the emotions that arise when facing such unforeseen situations. The results found showed that there are differences between new and expert leaders when facing a critical incident. Novice directors, unlike experts, expressed a greater negative perception of the emotions that arose before the incident. In addition, expert directors made more meaningful reflections and showed more concern for the school community, whereas, the new director exhibited behaviors mostly motivated by concern for one’s professional career and protecting one’s image as an authority figure.Resumen La investigaciĂłn busca analizar la emocionalidad del directivo novato y experto cuando se produce un incidente crĂtico, es decir, una contingencia inesperada y desestabilizadora en la organizaciĂłn escolar. El diseño corresponde a un estudio de casos de carácter interpretativo, donde se analizaron las emociones que están en la base de las decisiones que adoptan los directivos en situaciones crĂticas. La recogida de datos considerĂł tĂ©cnicas de investigaciĂłn social a travĂ©s de los grupos focales, los cuales permitieron captar las emociones experimentadas por los directivos de una manera más vĂvida y dialĂłgica ante un incidente crĂtico, complementada con una bitácora digital en lĂnea en la que se formalizĂł el registro del incidente crĂtico asociado al directivo y la relevancia de las emociones surgidas al enfrentar dichas situaciones imprevistas. Los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias entre un directivo novel y uno experto al momento de enfrentar un incidente crĂtico: los primeros manifestaron una mayor percepciĂłn negativa de las emociones surgidas ante el incidente, mientras que los directivos expertos realizaron una mayor reflexiĂłn y mostraron más preocupaciĂłn por la comunidad escolar. El directivo novel evidenciĂł un manejo conductual mayormente supeditado a la preocupaciĂłn por su trayectoria profesional y el cuidado de su imagen como autoridad