Active Facilitation: What Do Specialists Need to Know and How Might They Learn It?

Sustained, innovative professional development is now widely acknowledged as essential to the improvement of mathematics instruction in the nation’s schools. In recent years, this recognition has prompted the production of a variety of materials designed to support new teacher development programs. However, with the availability of such materials, serious concerns arise as to the kinds of knowledge required of professional development providers, often teachers who have been assigned Mathematics Specialist roles, and the means by which this knowledge is to be acquired. The authors of this paper address such questions in the context of one professional development seminar, Developing Mathematical Ideas [1]. Our paper builds on the research of Remillard and Geist who identify the potential for learning in those moments of discontinuity—“openings in the curriculum —in which the beliefs, knowledge, and commitments of seminar participants diverge from those of facilitators or materials developers [2]. By looking closely at several such moments. we establish how successful facilitation entails deep content knowledge, awareness of seminar goals, and appreciation of the beliefs and understandings of seminar participants. We then describe the kinds of supports available to DMI facilitators to help them cultivate the skills and knowledge needed to exploit these openings productively. While the paper focuses particularly on professional development seminars. we suggest that our conclusions apply to Mathematics Specialists‘ tasks more generally

Oxygenated fuels properties and its relationship with engine performance in port fuel injection engines

[EN] Gasoline oxygenating agents (alcohols, ethers and a carbonate) were used to formulate gasoline at different oxygen contents up to 20 wt.% and compared with commercial Premium gasoline. The performance of each fuel was investigated in a port fuel injected, single cylinder, spark-ignited engine at different stages i.e. air fuel mixture preparation, combustion behavior and exhaust emissions. In all cases, the intake cooling effect (related mainly to fuel properties like latent heat of vaporization and Reid Vapor Pressure), shows an important relationship with engine performance and emissions, probably due to reductions in heat losses associated with decreases in charge temperature at compression stroke before ignition. This results was confirmed by means of vehicle FTP-75 test. The high RVP promotes high intake manifold evaporation rate, and the high HoV is related to important cooling effect as the fuel absorbs heat during evaporation. If the fuel evaporates faster upstream intake valves, the advantages of high HoV as a way to reduce compression work and heat transfer fallen. The quantification of the charge cooling effect was done by means of precision intake air temperature control and the instrumentation of a temperature downstream the injector at intake port and as close as possible to the intake valves. The use of oxygenates reduce the hydrogen and carbon fuel contents as a result of fuel dilution. For a given level of oxygenation as lower is the molecular oxygen content in the additive, higher will be the fuel dilution. For 10 wt.% oxygen and more, fuel performance in port engines depends mainly on oxygenate contents and its relationship with HoV and RVP. For oxygenated gasolines, fuel sensitivity have a direct relationship with latent heat of vaporization, because charge cooling is one of the way alcohols increase RON. In the other hand, MON is almost insensible to high heat of vaporization, because the intake air is heated to 159 C as a test requirement.Gonzalez, U.; Schifter, I. (2017). Oxygenated fuels properties and its relationship with engine performance in port fuel injection engines. En Ilass Europe. 28th european conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 345-353. https://doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4855OCS34535

Sleep as homework and engagement in rehabilitation

In today’s push for shorter and quicker hospitalisations, everyday life often becomes a place of rehabilitation for people after they undergo surgical procedures. In order for hospitals to manage shortened periods of admission and to facilitate post-operative rehabilitation, a patient‘s active engagement has become a central element to clinical treatment and care in Denmark. For example, in the recovery from orthopedic surgery, sleep becomes a type of "homework" assignment that is a vital element of the patient‘s rehabilitation trajectory. Building on the theoretical concept of ‘engagement’ developed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari (2005), we examine the patient‘s relation to sleep as part of recovery; we refer to this as ‘sleep engagement.’ In particular, we analyze sleep as part of an institutional pedagogy in rehabilitation, and we ask how this pedagogy mobilizes rehabilitation for older patients after they have been admitted to the hospital for an orthopedic surgical procedure. Using ethnographic material, our analysis leads to a discussion of institutional expectations for what it means to be engaged in one's own patient trajectory. The article presents three results: 1) Expectations of sleep as an institutionally defined homework assignment are fulfilled through the establishment of the ‘rehabilitable and non rehabilitable body’; 2) As an active attempt to mobilize resources in rehabilitation, patient sleep engagement becomes part of a historical and contextual nexus; and 3) Institutional sleep potential creates new points of ambivalence—on the one hand, sleep is an optimization-promoting requirement in order to exercise while, on the other hand, the midday nap reflects an outdated view of old age that opposes an active lifestyle perspective

Técnicas e instrumentos químico-farmacéuticos en México (1849-1925)

ArtículoDurante el siglo xix y las primeras décadas del xx, la investigación científica desarrollada en México giraba principalmente en torno al estudio de las plantas medicinales. Se analizan los instrumentos y técnicas utilizados durante este periodo por los farmacéuticos en sus labores de docencia e investigación. Su empleo estaba relacionado con la realización de análisis químicos de acuerdo con los procedimientos de las escuelas de farmacia europeas y se procuraba especialmente la búsqueda de alcaloides de utilidad terapéutica. Este interés de los farmacéuticos en el desarrollo de la enseñanza y la práctica del análisis químico fue fundamen- tal y eventualmente permitió el establecimiento de la carrera de químico farmacéutico biólogo