Links between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms, maternal distress, infant gender and sensitivity in a high-risk population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Maternal postpartum depression has an impact on mother-infant interaction. Mothers with depression display less positive affect and sensitivity in interaction with their infants compared to non-depressed mothers. Depressed women also show more signs of distress and difficulties adjusting to their role as mothers than non-depressed women. In addition, depressive mothers are reported to be affectively more negative with their sons than with daughters.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A non-clinical sample of 106 mother-infant dyads at psychosocial risk (poverty, alcohol or drug abuse, lack of social support, teenage mothers and maternal psychic disorder) was investigated with EPDS (maternal postpartum depressive symptoms), the CARE-Index (maternal sensitivity in a dyadic context) and PSI-SF (maternal distress). The baseline data were collected when the babies had reached 19 weeks of age.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A hierarchical regression analysis yielded a highly significant relation between the PSI-SF subscale "parental distress" and the EPDS total score, accounting for 55% of the variance in the EPDS. The other variables did not significantly predict the severity of depressive symptoms. A two-way ANOVA with "infant gender" and "maternal postpartum depressive symptoms" showed no interaction effect on maternal sensitivity.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Depressive symptoms and maternal sensitivity were not linked. It is likely that we could not find any relation between both variables due to different measuring methods (self-reporting and observation). Maternal distress was strongly related to maternal depressive symptoms, probably due to the generally increased burden in the sample, and contributed to 55% of the variance of postpartum depressive symptoms.</p

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Process research in psychotherapy with manic-depressive patients

Während zahlreiche kontrollierte Studien zur Wirksamkeit von Kurzzeittherapien bei der unipolaren Depression vorliegen, sind im Vergleich dazu Studien zur bipolaren Störung rar (Hautzinger & Meyer, 2007; Miklowitz & Otto, 2006; Scott, 2006). In dieser Studie handelt es sich daher um die bislang erstmalige Untersuchung des therapeutischen Prozesses einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie bei bipolaren Patienten im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollbedingung. Nachdem in Kapitel 1 einführend Informationen zu affektiven Störungen geliefert werden, werden in Erweiterung dazu bewährte Interventionsansätze der bipolaren Störung referiert. Kapitel 3 stellt im Überblick die Geschichte der Prozessforschung in der Psychotherapie dar, bei der anschließend einzelne Forschungsparadigmen vorgestellt werden. Exemplarisch werden für die systematische Beobachtung des therapeutischen Prozesses sowohl Instrumente zur objektiven Untersuchung der therapeutischen Interaktion, als auch des subjektiven Empfindens dargestellt. Schließlich folgt in Kapitel 4 ein Überblick über das Konzept der therapeutischen Allianz, wobei einzelne Forschungsergebnisse zu einzelnen Komponenten der Allianz dargestellt werden. Kapitel 5 erläutert die metatheoretische Fundierung der Q-Auswertungsmethode, die die Basis für das zentrale Instrument der auszuwertenden Therapiestunden, den Psychotherapie Q-Sort (PQS; Jones, 2000) bildet. Daran schließen sich die Ziele, Hypothesen und Fragestellungen der Studie an, die auf einer deskriptiven, explorativen und Hypothesen prüfenden Ebene anzusiedeln sind. Zusammen mit den anderen Outcome-Instrumenten der Studie, die die Symptome des Patientenkollektivs multidimensional erfassten, wird der PQS in Kapitel 7 dargestellt. Dabei werden sowohl das Design der Studie als auch das statistische Vorgehen aufgeführt. In Kapitel 8 werden die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen berichtet. Unter Vorlage von fünf Erklärungsversuchen, warum sich Verläufe von Kurzzeittherapien so ähneln, werden die Ergebnisse in Kapitel 9 diskutiert. Die Studie endet mit einer Beschreibung ihrer Limitationen und einem Ausblick für zukünftige Forschungsvorhaben.While there are numerous controlled studies examining the efficacy of short-time therapies with the unipolar depression, there are only a few studies concerning the bipolar disorder (Hautzinger & Meyer, 2007; Miklowitz & Otto, 2006; Scott, 2006). This is therefore the first study examining the therapeutic process of a cognitive-behavioral therapy with bipolar patients in comparison to an unspecific treatment modality. After introducing affective disorders in chapter 1, information concerning established interventions on the bipolar disorder are cited. Chapter 3 gives an overview about the process research in psychotherapy followed by a presentation of singular research paradigms. With reference to the systematic observation of the therapeutic process instruments, both the objective examination of the therapeutic interaction and the subjective impression are depicted. Eventually, in chapter 4 an overview of the concept of the therapeutic alliance, in which research results concerning singular components of the therapeutic alliance are presented. Chapter 5 explains the metatheoretical foundation of the Q-methodology, which is the basis for the Psychotherapy Q-Sort, the central instrument by which the therapeutic sessions had been rated. It is followed by the goals, hypotheses and research questions of the study belonging to a descriptive, explorative and hypothesis testing level. Together with the other outcome instruments of the study, which measured the symptoms of the patients on a multidimensional perspective, the Psychotherapy Q-Sort is presented in chapter 7. The design of the study and the statistical method are also presented in this chapter. In chapter 8 the results of the research are documented. According to five explanations given by Ablon and Jones (2002) why the courses of short-time therapies are very similar, the results of this study are discussed in chapter 9.The study ends with a description of its limitations and an outlook to future research prospects

Links between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms, maternal distress, infant gender and sensitivity in a high-risk population

Background Maternal postpartum depression has an impact on mother-infant interaction. Mothers with depression display less positive affect and sensitivity in interaction with their infants compared to non-depressed mothers. Depressed women also show more signs of distress and difficulties adjusting to their role as mothers than non-depressed women. In addition, depressive mothers are reported to be affectively more negative with their sons than with daughters. Methods A non-clinical sample of 106 mother-infant dyads at psychosocial risk (poverty, alcohol or drug abuse, lack of social support, teenage mothers and maternal psychic disorder) was investigated with EPDS (maternal postpartum depressive symptoms), the CARE-Index (maternal sensitivity in a dyadic context) and PSI-SF (maternal distress). The baseline data were collected when the babies had reached 19 weeks of age. Results A hierarchical regression analysis yielded a highly significant relation between the PSI-SF subscale "parental distress" and the EPDS total score, accounting for 55% of the variance in the EPDS. The other variables did not significantly predict the severity of depressive symptoms. A two-way ANOVA with "infant gender" and "maternal postpartum depressive symptoms" showed no interaction effect on maternal sensitivity. Conclusions Depressive symptoms and maternal sensitivity were not linked. It is likely that we could not find any relation between both variables due to different measuring methods (self-reporting and observation). Maternal distress was strongly related to maternal depressive symptoms, probably due to the generally increased burden in the sample, and contributed to 55% of the variance of postpartum depressive symptoms

Rapport annuel 2006-2007 de l'Observatoire national de la démographie des professions de santé.

International audienc

L'évolution de la fonction cadre.

Titre des articles qui composent ce dossier sur l'évolution de la fonction cadre : - Penser qui on est et comprendre où on va. - Genèse et dynamiques de l'encadrement hospitalier. - Dessine-moi le cadre de demain. - Ifsi : des monitrices aux formateurs-enseignants, histoire et perspectives. - Dix ans d'évolution des compétences du cadre de santé. - Cadre de santé, quelles évolutions de la fonction et des compétences ? - Retour sur la réforme de 1995 créant le diplôme de cadre de santé. - La formation cadre de santé en question. - Au coeur du processus de professionnalisation des cadres, la contractualisation des parcours de formation. - Regards croisés sur l'évolution de la fonction cadre. - Éléments de bibliographie

Vietnam : Histoire et perspectives contemporaines

Moussons consacre un numéro double au Việt Nam : depuis les deux dernières décennies, ce champ particulier des sciences sociales que sont les études vietnamiennes a connu à travers le monde et en France en particulier un renouvellement considérable. Il était donc largement temps non pas d’en dresser un bilan, la vague n’ayant pas encore fini de déferler, mais, simplement, de tenter de présenter un panorama de ce renouveau en construction