Antioxidant and oxidative stress: a mutual interplay in age-related diseases

Aging is the progressive loss of organ and tissue function over time. Growing older is positively linked to cognitive and biological degeneration such as physical frailty, psychological impairment, and cognitive decline. Oxidative stress is considered as an imbalance between pro- and antioxidant species, which results in molecular and cellular damage. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of age-related diseases. Emerging research evidence has suggested that antioxidant can control the autoxidation by interrupting the propagation of free radicals or by inhibiting the formation of free radicals and subsequently reduce oxidative stress, improve immune function, and increase healthy longevity. Indeed, oxidation damage is highly dependent on the inherited or acquired defects in enzymes involved in the redox-mediated signaling pathways. Therefore, the role of molecules with antioxidant activity that promote healthy aging and counteract oxidative stress is worth to discuss further. Of particular interest in this article, we highlighted the molecular mechanisms of antioxidants involved in the prevention of age-related diseases. Taken together, a better understanding of the role of antioxidants involved in redox modulation of inflammation would provide a useful approach for potential interventions, and subsequently promoting healthy longevity

Continuous phenol removal using Nocardia hydrocarbonoxydans in spouted bed contactor: Shock load study

Shock load studies are essential to investigate the suitability of biocontactors in degradation of pollutants. In the present work, the degradation of phenol by immobilized Nocardia hydrocarbonoxydans in a spouted bed contactor was conducted. Granular activated carbon (GAC) and polymer beads were tested for the immobilization of cells of N. hydrocarbonoxydans-NCIM 2386. Initially, batch immobilization study was conducted to know the quantity of immobilized microorganisms per gram of solids and then the immobilized solids were used in the spouted bed contactor for phenol degradation. Also, the shock loading of phenol and hydraulic shock load test was performed to check the stability of operation. The immobilized Nocardia cells sustained the shock load and hydraulic load of phenol. Increase of influent phenol concentration and dilution rates increased the steady state effluent phenol concentration. Almost 95% degradation at maximum phenol loading of 0.73 gL-1h-1 was achieved. GAC has more attached biomass weight compared to polymer beads

Characterization of titanium powders processed in n-hexane by high-energy ball milling

The effect of speed and milling time on the morphology, crystallite size, and phase composition of Ti Cp powders processed in n-hexane by high-energy ball milling (HEBM) using a E-max Retsch equipment was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Lattice parameters, mean crystallite size, lattice strain, and dislocation density were obtained from Rietveld analysis. The XRD and TEM results show that the HEBM process of the Ti Cp promotes the transition from HCP to FCC after 6 h of milling at 1400 rpm. The transformation process could be attributed to the energy generated in the milling process which induces high deformation and presence of high-density dislocations in the powder. Graphical Abstract[Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2020, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature