Intervención educativa sexualidad sana y feliz dirigida a escolares de 6to grado. Seminternado Camilo Cienfuegos. 2012

Introduction: the adolescence is defined as a life stage between childhood and adulthood, it occurs since 10 to 19 years old and it is characterized by deep biological, psychological and social transformations; some of them are generators of essentially positive crisis, conflicts and contradictions.Objective: to increase the level of knowledge about sexuality in sixth graders at Camilo Cienfuegos Semi internal school.Method: it was performed an educative intervention study directed to sixth grade students in the period between January to March, 2012, the universe of study was made by 45 students of the semi internal school and the sample agreed with the population. It was applied a survey at the beginning of the investigation, there were detected the educative needs about the subject, it was implemented the educative intervention and it was evaluated its final impact. Then the content was evidenced in charts of frequency distribution, applying the numbers and percentages. Results: after analyzing the level of information about sexuality in the surveyed students it could be checked that in both sexes prevailed the inadequate category, represented by 71% in men and 29 % in females, which demonstrates the scarce information of adolescents about this topic.Conclusions: the intervention increased the students’ level of knowledge about sexuality, and their ways of behavior were modified.Introducción: La adolescencia se define como una etapa de la vida entre la niñez y la adultez que transcurre desde los 10 hasta los 19 años y se caracteriza por profundas transformaciones biológicas, psicológicas y sociales, muchas de ellas generadoras de crisis, conflictos y contradicciones, pero esencialmente positivos.Objetivo: Elevar el nivel de conocimiento sobre sexualidad en los escolares de 6to grado del Seminternado Camilo Cienfuegos.Método: Se realizó un estudio de intervención educativa dirigido a  escolares del 6to grado, en el período comprendido de Enero a Marzo 2012, el universo de  estudio estuvo  constituido por los 45 escolares del Seminternado y la muestra se corresponde con la población. Se aplicó una encuesta al inicio de la investigación, se detectaron las necesidades educativas sobre el tema, se implementó la intervención educativa y se evaluó el impacto final de la misma.  Finalmente se expresó el contenido en tablas de distribución de frecuencia, aplicando el número y porcentaje.Resultados: Al  analizar el nivel de información sobre la sexualidad en los escolares encuestados se pudo comprobar que en ambos sexos predominó la categoría inadecuado, representados por el  71% en el masculino y el 29% en el femenino, lo que demuestra la escasa información que poseen los adolescentes sobre sexualidad.   Conclusiones: La intervención elevó el nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes sobre el tema y modificaron sus modos de actuación

Antibiotics in Dairy Production: Where Is the Problem?

Antibiotics have long been used for the prevention and treatment of common diseases and for prophylactic purposes in dairy animals. However, in recent decades it has become a matter of concern due to the widespread belief that there has been an abuse or misuse of these drugs in animals and that this misuse has led to the presence of residues in derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. Therefore, this review aims to compile the scientific literature published to date on the presence of antibiotic residues in these products worldwide. The focus is on the reasons that lead to their presence in food, on the potential problems caused by residues in the characteristics of dairy products and in their manufacturing process, on the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and on the effects that both residues and resistant bacteria can cause on human and environmental health.he research group was funded by The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (grant COLAB20/14) and by the Basque Government, grant to Research Groups number IT944-16. G. Santamarina-García received a predoctoral grant from the University of the Basque Country

Characterization of Microbial Shifts during the Production and Ripening of Raw Ewe Milk-Derived Idiazabal Cheese by High-Throughput Sequencing

first_page settings Open AccessArticle Characterization of Microbial Shifts during the Production and Ripening of Raw Ewe Milk-Derived Idiazabal Cheese by High-Throughput Sequencing by Gorka Santamarina-García * [ORCID] , Igor Hernández [ORCID] , Gustavo Amores [ORCID] and Mailo Virto * [ORCID] Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Academic Editor: Huizhong Chen Biology 2022, 11(5), 769; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11050769 Received: 13 April 2022 / Revised: 5 May 2022 / Accepted: 11 May 2022 / Published: 18 May 2022 Download PDF Browse Figures Citation Export Simple Summary Idiazabal is a traditional cheese produced from raw ewe milk in the Basque Country (Southwestern Europe). The sensory properties of raw milk cheeses have been attributed, among other factors, to microbial shifts that occur during the production and ripening processes. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technologies to investigate the microbiota of Latxa ewe raw milk and the dynamics during cheese production and ripening processes. The microbiota of raw milk was composed of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), environmental bacteria and non-desirable bacteria. Throughout the cheese making and ripening processes, the growth of LAB was promoted, whereas that of non-desirable and environmental bacteria was inhibited. Moreover, some genera not reported previously in raw ewe milk were detected and clear differences were observed in the bacterial composition of raw milk and cheese among producers, in relation to LAB and environmental or non-desirable bacteria, some of which could be attributed to the production of flavour related compounds. Abstract In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technologies (sequencing of V3–V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene) to investigate for the first time the microbiota of Latxa ewe raw milk and the bacterial shifts that occur during the production and ripening of Idiazabal cheese. Results revealed several bacterial genera not reported previously in raw ewe milk and cheese, such as Buttiauxella and Obesumbacterium. Both the cheese making and ripening processes had a significant impact on bacterial communities. Overall, the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus, Streptococcus and Carnobacterium) was promoted, whereas that of non-desirable and environmental bacteria was inhibited (such as Pseudomonas and Clostridium). However, considerable differences were observed among producers. It is noteworthy that the starter LAB (Lactococcus) predominated up to 30 or 60 days of ripening and then, the growth of non-starter LAB (Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus and Streptococcus) was promoted. Moreover, in some cases, bacteria related to the production of volatile compounds (such as Hafnia, Brevibacterium and Psychrobacter) also showed notable abundance during the first few weeks of ripening. Overall, the results of this study enhance our understanding of microbial shifts that occur during the production and ripening of a raw ewe milk-derived cheese (Idiazabal), and could indicate that the practices adopted by producers have a great impact on the microbiota and final quality of this cheese.This research was funded by the Basque Government, grant to Research Groups number IT944-16. G. Santamarina-García received a predoctoral grant from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)

Relationship between the Dynamics of Gross Composition, Free Fatty Acids and Biogenic Amines, and Microbial Shifts during the Ripening of Raw Ewe Milk-Derived Idiazabal Cheese

This study reports for the first time the relationship between bacterial succession, characterized by high-throughput sequencing (sequencing of V3–V4 16S rRNA regions), and the evolution of gross composition, free fatty acids (FFAs) and biogenic amines (BAs) during cheese ripening. Specifically, Idiazabal PDO cheese, a raw ewe milk-derived semi-hard o hard cheese, was analysed. Altogether, 8 gross parameters were monitored (pH, dry matter, protein, fat, Ca, Mg, P and NaCl) and 21 FFAs and 8 BAs were detected. The ripening time influenced the concentration of most physico-chemical parameters, whereas the producer mainly affected the gross composition and FFAs. Through an O2PLS approach, the non-starter lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Streptococcus were reported as positively related to the evolution of gross composition and FFAs release, while only Lactobacillus was positively related to BAs production. Several environmental or non-desirable bacteria showed negative correlations, which could indicate the negative impact of gross composition on their growth, the antimicrobial effect of FFAs and/or the metabolic use of FFAs by these genera, and their ability to degrade BAs. Nonetheless, Obesumbacterium and Chromohalobacter were positively associated with the synthesis of FFAs and BAs, respectively. This research work provides novel information that may contribute to the understanding of possible functional relationships between bacterial communities and the evolution of several cheese quality and safety parameters.This research was funded by the Basque Government, grant number IT944-16. G. Santamarina-García received a predoctoral grant from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)

Spelling problems after early oral language difficulties

Recent research has stated that early oral language acquisition difficulties are related to reading and writing difficulties. Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) experience difficulties with several dimensions of language. In this study we focus on the specific difficulties of children with DLD in spelling. We examine the impact of lexicality and length in written production of Spanish-speaking children with DLD. A total of 18 children with language difficulties (Mage = 8;4) were compared with age-matched children (Mage = 8;2). Participants completed a spelling-to-dictation task of words and pseudowords, where length was manipulated. A digital tablet was used to collect data and obtain measures of accuracy, latencies and total writing durations. Results showed that children with DLD produced more errors, longer latencies and longer writing durations than age-matched children. Regarding accuracy, analysis of the errors shows that children in the control group produce few errors, most being substitutions, while children with DLD made more errors and of more varied categories. Moreover, they were more affected by length on writing accuracy than the control group

Onset of efficacy and adverse events during Cenobamate titration period

Cenobamate; Drug-resistant epilepsy; SeizuresCenobamato; Epilepsia resistente a los medicamentos; ConvulsionesCenobamat; Epilèpsia resistent a medicaments; ConvulsionsObjectives Cenobamate is an antiseizure medication (ASM) approved in Europe as adjunctive therapy for adults with inadequately controlled focal seizures. This post hoc analysis reports onset of efficacy and characterizes time to onset, duration, and severity of the most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) during cenobamate titration. Materials & Methods Adult patients with uncontrolled focal seizures taking 1 to 3 concomitant ASMs were randomized to receive adjunctive cenobamate or placebo (double-blind studies C013 and C017) or cenobamate (open-label study C021). Outcome assessments included efficacy (median percentage change in seizure frequency and onset [studies C013 and C017]) and safety (onset, duration, and severity of TEAEs [all studies]). Results Onset of efficacy was observed by Weeks 1 to 4 of titration in studies C013 and C017 which used a faster titration schedule than study CO21. In study C013, the median percentage seizure frequency reduction was 36.7% in patients receiving cenobamate versus 16.3% in those taking placebo (p = .002); in study C017, significant differences in seizure frequency emerged in Week 1 and continued throughout titration between all cenobamate groups and placebo (p < .001). The most commonly reported TEAEs were somnolence, dizziness, fatigue, and headache, with first onset of each reported as early as Week 1; however, the majority resolved. Conclusions Reductions in seizure frequency occurred during titration with initial efficacy observed prior to reaching the target dose. These reductions were regarded as clinically meaningful because they may indicate early efficacy at lower doses than previously expected and had a considerable impact on patient quality of life. Long-term treatment with adjunctive cenobamate was generally safe and well-tolerated.The double-blind studies and open-label study were funded by SK Life Science, Inc. (Paramus, NJ, USA). Study data were pooled and analyzed by Angelini S.p.a. Nicole Day, PhD, of MedVal Scientific Information Services, LLC (Princeton, NJ, USA) provided medical writing assistance, funded by Angelini S.p.a. The manuscript was prepared according to the International Society for Medical Publication Professionals' “Good Publication Practice for Communicating Company-Sponsored Medical Research: GPP3.

Intsektuak, etorkizuneko elikadura?

By 2050, a population growth of 2,000 million people is expected. Taking into account the environmental impacts of current food production and the increase in the quantities of food to be obtained, the need for new alternatives increases. In 2018, insects have been accepted in Europe as new foods and although they are little studied resources, it has been suggested that they may be the key to the food of the future. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to identify the different types of insects that can serve as food, analyse them and reflect and delve into the aspects of safety and nutrition. Insects are an interesting source of nutrients, as they are rich in high-quality proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, they are an attractive source to meet the needs of minerals such as iron, magnesium or zinc, and vitamins such as those of group A or B. Disease prevention and health promotion by bioactive antioxidant, antihypertensive or antimicrobial peptides from insects are also noteworthy. Technologically, they contain compounds with interesting functional characteristics for the food industry, such as gelling proteins. However, food safety requires great control to protect consumer health due to the presence of biological risks, such as pathogenic microorganisms, toxins or heat-resistant spores, and chemicals, such as heavy metals, antinutrients, pesticides or dioxins. In any case, further research is fundamental due to the diversity of non-investigated species, as well as the scarcity of data on nutrition and safety aspects; 2050. urterako 2.000 milioi biztanleko demografia-hazkuntza aurreikusten da. Elikagaien gaur egungo ekoizpenaren ingurumen-inpaktuek eta lortu behar diren elikagaien kantitateen igoerek alternatiba berrien beharrak areagotzen dituzte. 2018. urtean intsektuak elikagai berri gisa onartu dira Europan eta, nahiz eta gutxi ikerturiko baliabidea izan, etorkizuneko elikaduraren giltza izan daitekeela iradoki da. Horrenbestez, lan honen helburu nagusia izango da elikagai gisa onartu diren intsektu motak identifikatzea, aztertzea eta kaltegabetasun eta nutrizio alderdiei buruz hausnartzea eta sakontzea. Intsektuak nutrienteen iturri interesgarria dira, kalitate altuko proteinetan eta gantz-azido poliasegabeetan aberatsak direlako. Gainera, mineralen (esaterako, burdina, magnesioa edo zinka) eta bitaminen (A edo B taldekoak, adibidez) beharrak asetzeko iturri erakargarria dira. Era berean, aipatzekoak dira gaixotasunak ekiditeari eta osasuna sustatzeari begira, intsektuen peptido bioaktibo antioxidatzaileengatik, antihipertentsiboengatik edo antimikrobianoengatik. Teknologikoki, elikagaien industriarako ezaugarri funtzional interesgarriak dituzten konposatuak dituzte; esaterako, proteina gelifikatzaileak. Hala ere, elikagaien kaltegabetasunak kontrol handia eskatzen du kontsumitzailearen osasuna babesteko, intsektuetan aurkitzen direlako, era berean, arrisku biologikoak (mikroorganismo patogenoak, toxinak edo espora termoerresistenteak, adibidez) eta kimikoak (metal astunak, antinutrienteak, plagizidak edo dioxinak, esaterako). Nolanahi ere, funtsezkoa da ikerketan sakontzea, ikertu gabeko espezieen aniztasunagatik, bai eta nutrizioaren eta kaltegabetasunaren arloko datuen urritasunagatik

Normal-Fat vs. High-Fat Diets and Olive Oil vs. CLA-Rich Dairy Fat: A Comparative Study of Their Effects on Atherosclerosis in Male Golden Syrian Hamsters

The relationship between milk fat intake (because of its high saturated fatty acid content) and the risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. Thus, Golden Syrian hamsters were fed two types of fat—sheep milk fat that was rich in rumenic (cis9,trans11-18:2) and vaccenic (trans11-18:1) acids and olive oil—and two doses (a high- or normal-fat diet) for 14 weeks, and markers of lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis evolution were analyzed. The results revealed that the type and percentage of fat affected most plasma biochemical parameters related to lipid metabolism, while only the expression of five (CD36, SR-B1, ACAT, LDLR, and HMG-CoAR) of the studied lipid-metabolism-related genes was affected by these factors. According to aortic histology, when ingested in excess, both fats caused a similar increase in the thickness of fatty streaks, but the high-milk-fat-based diet caused a more atherogenic plasma profile. The compositions of the fats that were used, the results that were obtained, and the scientific literature indicated that the rumenic acid present in milk fat would regulate the expression of genes involved in ROS generation and, thus, protect against LDL oxidation, causing an effect similar to that of olive oil.This research was funded by the Basque Government (Grant to Research Groups IT944-16). A.B. and G.S.-G. received a research grant from the University of the Basque Country (calls 2009 and 2019, respectively)

Fructose transporter Glut5 expression in clear renal cell carcinoma

[Abstract] Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) can be subclassified for general purposes into clear cell, papillary cell, chromophobe cell carcinomas and oncocytomas. Other tumours such as collecting duct, medullary, mucinous tubular and spindle cell and associated with Xp 11.2 translocations/TFE 3 gene fusion, are much less common. There is also a residual group of unclassified cases. Previous studies have shown that RCC has high glycolytic rates, and expresses GLUT transporters, but no distinction has been made among the different subtypes of renal cell tumours and their grades of malignancy. In clear renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) glycogen levels increase, glycolysis is activated and gluconeogenesis is reduced. The clear cell subtype of RCC is characterized histologically by a distinctive pale, glassy cytoplasm and this appearance of cRCC is due to abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and this abnormality results in glycogen and sterol storage. Several isoforms of glucose carriers (GLUTs) have been identified. We show here in a panel of 80 cRCC samples a significant correlation between isoform 5 (GLUT5) and many pathological parameters such as grade of differentiation, pelvis invasion and breaking capsule. GLUT5 expression also appears to associate more strongly with the clear cell RCC subtype. These data suggest a role for the GLUT5 isoform in fructose uptake that takes place in cRCC cells and which subsequently leads to the malignant RCC progression