Ergonews: um telejornal para o ensino de ergonomia em Odontologia

During their undergraduate course, dentists need to be aware about the risk they are exposed to in their work environment so they can avoid them. Thus, we proposed a TV newscast entitled "Ergonews" which was presented to the 2nd-year undergraduate Dentistry students at Araraquara Dental School – UNESP, in order to expand and enhance their knowledge in the discipline of Ergonomics in Dentistry I. The newscast has included a reporter and a "philosopher", the latter having the function to issue philosophical opinions not always correct about the concepts of ergonomics. The topics covered were: i. the importance of rationalizing work to increase productivity and quality of life of the dentists; ii. requirements of ergonomic posture, occupational health, and the importance of cross infection control in dental practice; iii. dental equipment and delegation of functions - four hands work. Each “Ergonews” episode was prepared previously to the class and all recordings were edited using the Movie Maker. The newscast was presented to students during the Ergonomics in Dentistry I classes, every 15 days, using multimedia projection, with an average duration of 10 minutes. After the presentation of each "Ergonews" episode, students were asked to evaluate critically the concepts of ergonomics issued by "philosopher" in the newscast. It can be concluded that the "Ergonews" was an auxiliary method to promote learning about ergonomics in dentistry.Los cirujanos dentales requieren ser concientizados durante su formación sobre los riesgos a que están expuestos en su ambiente de trabajo para que puedan así evitarlos. Por lo tanto, se propuso producir y presentar un noticiero titulado "Ergonews", dirigido a los estudiantes del segundo año de Licenciatura de Odontología, Facultad de Odontología de Araraquara - UNESP con el fin de ampliar y mejorar sus conocimientos en la disciplina de Ergonomía en Odontología I. El noticiero contaba con un reportero y también con un "filósofo", cuya función era la de emitir opiniones filosóficas, no siempre correctas, acerca de los conceptos de ergonomía. Los temas tratados fueron los siguientes: (a) la importancia de racionalizar el trabajo para aumentar la productividad y la calidad de vida del dentista; (b) requisitos de una postura ergonómica, salud ocupacional, la importancia del control de las infecciones cruzadas en la práctica dental; (c) equipo dental y la delegación de funciones, el trabajo en equipo. El diario fue grabado antes de su presentación y todas las grabaciones fueron editadas utilizando Maker. El noticiero fue presentado a los estudiantes en el aula, utilizando un proyector de video en la clase de Ergonomía en Odontología I y con una duración media de 10 minutos con periodicidad quincenal. Después de la presentación de cada noticiero "Ergonews" se les pidió a los estudiantes que evaluaran críticamente los conceptos de ergonomía emitidos por el "filósofo" del noticiero, con el objetivo de asentar dichos conocimientos adquiridos durante la clase. Se puede concluir que el noticiero "Ergonews" era una forma adicional para promover el aprendizaje acerca de la ergonomía en la odontología.Os cirurgiões-dentistas durante sua formação profissional precisam ser conscientizados a respeito do risco a que estão expostos em seu ambiente de trabalho para que possam evitá-los. Assim, propôs-se elaborar e apresentar um telejornal intitulado “Ergonews” direcionado aos estudantes do 2º ano do curso de graduação da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - UNESP com o intuito de ampliar e reforçar os conhecimentos adquiridos na disciplina de Ergonomia em Odontologia I. O telejornal contou com uma repórter e também um “filósofo”, cuja função foi emitir opiniões filosóficas nem sempre corretas a respeito dos conceitos de ergonomia. Os assuntos abordados foram: i. importância da racionalização do trabalho para aumento da produtividade e da qualidade de vida do cirurgião-dentista; ii. requisitos de postura ergonômica, saúde ocupacional, importância do controle de infecção cruzada na prática odontológica; iii. equipamentos odontológicos e delegação de funções - trabalho a quatro mãos. O jornal foi gravado previamente à sua apresentação e todas as gravações foram editadas utilizando-se o Movie Maker. O telejornal foi apresentado aos estudantes em sala de aula, utilizando projeção multimídia, nas aulas de Ergonomia em Odontologia I e apresentou média de duração de 10 minutos e periodicidade quinzenal. Após a apresentação de cada “Ergonews” os estudantes avaliaram de forma crítica os conceitos de ergonomia emitidos pelo “filósofo” do telejornal, com o objetivo de fazê-los sedimentar o aprendizado adquirido durante a aula. Pode-se concluir que o “Ergonews” foi uma forma auxiliar de promover o aprendizado sobre ergonomia em Odontologia

Ergonews: um telejornal para o ensino de ergonomia em Odontologia

Os cirurgiões-dentistas durante sua formação profissional precisam ser conscientizados a respeito do risco a que estão expostos em seu ambiente de trabalho para que possam evitá-los. Assim, propôs-se elaborar e apresentar um telejornal intitulado “Ergonews” direcionado aos estudantes do 2º ano do curso de graduação da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - UNESP com o intuito de ampliar e reforçar os conhecimentos adquiridos na disciplina de Ergonomia em Odontologia I. O telejornal contou com uma repórter e também um “filósofo”, cuja função foi emitir opiniões filosóficas nem sempre corretas a respeito dos conceitos de ergonomia. Os assuntos abordados foram: i. importância da racionalização do trabalho para aumento da produtividade e da qualidade de vida do cirurgião-dentista; ii. requisitos de postura ergonômica, saúde ocupacional, importância do controle de infecção cruzada na prática odontológica; iii. equipamentos odontológicos e delegação de funções - trabalho a quatro mãos. O jornal foi gravado previamente à sua apresentação e todas as gravações foram editadas utilizando-se o Movie Maker. O telejornal foi apresentado aos estudantes em sala de aula, utilizando projeção multimídia, nas aulas de Ergonomia em Odontologia I e apresentou média de duração de 10 minutos e periodicidade quinzenal. Após a apresentação de cada “Ergonews” os estudantes avaliaram de forma crítica os conceitos de ergonomia emitidos pelo “filósofo” do telejornal, com o objetivo de fazê-los sedimentar o aprendizado adquirido durante a aula. Pode-se concluir que o “Ergonews” foi uma forma auxiliar de promover o aprendizado sobre ergonomia em Odontologia

Maternal outcomes and risk factors for COVID-19 severity among pregnant women.

Pregnant women may be at higher risk of severe complications associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may lead to obstetrical complications. We performed a case control study comparing pregnant women with severe coronavirus disease 19 (cases) to pregnant women with a milder form (controls) enrolled in the COVI-Preg international registry cohort between March 24 and July 26, 2020. Risk factors for severity, obstetrical and immediate neonatal outcomes were assessed. A total of 926 pregnant women with a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 were included, among which 92 (9.9%) presented with severe COVID-19 disease. Risk factors for severe maternal outcomes were pulmonary comorbidities [aOR 4.3, 95% CI 1.9-9.5], hypertensive disorders [aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.0-7.0] and diabetes [aOR2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.5]. Pregnant women with severe maternal outcomes were at higher risk of caesarean section [70.7% (n = 53/75)], preterm delivery [62.7% (n = 32/51)] and newborns requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit [41.3% (n = 31/75)]. In this study, several risk factors for developing severe complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women were identified including pulmonary comorbidities, hypertensive disorders and diabetes. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes appear to be influenced by the severity of maternal disease

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Ergonews: um telejornal para o ensino de ergonomia em Odontologia

During their undergraduate course, dentists need to be aware about the risk they are exposed to in their work environment so they can avoid them. Thus, we proposed a TV newscast entitled "Ergonews" which was presented to the 2nd-year undergraduate Dentistry students at Araraquara Dental School – UNESP, in order to expand and enhance their knowledge in the discipline of Ergonomics in Dentistry I. The newscast has included a reporter and a "philosopher", the latter having the function to issue philosophical opinions not always correct about the concepts of ergonomics. The topics covered were: i. the importance of rationalizing work to increase productivity and quality of life of the dentists; ii. requirements of ergonomic posture, occupational health, and the importance of cross infection control in dental practice; iii. dental equipment and delegation of functions - four hands work. Each “Ergonews” episode was prepared previously to the class and all recordings were edited using the Movie Maker. The newscast was presented to students during the Ergonomics in Dentistry I classes, every 15 days, using multimedia projection, with an average duration of 10 minutes. After the presentation of each "Ergonews" episode, students were asked to evaluate critically the concepts of ergonomics issued by "philosopher" in the newscast. It can be concluded that the "Ergonews" was an auxiliary method to promote learning about ergonomics in dentistry.Los cirujanos dentales requieren ser concientizados durante su formación sobre los riesgos a que están expuestos en su ambiente de trabajo para que puedan así evitarlos. Por lo tanto, se propuso producir y presentar un noticiero titulado "Ergonews", dirigido a los estudiantes del segundo año de Licenciatura de Odontología, Facultad de Odontología de Araraquara - UNESP con el fin de ampliar y mejorar sus conocimientos en la disciplina de Ergonomía en Odontología I. El noticiero contaba con un reportero y también con un "filósofo", cuya función era la de emitir opiniones filosóficas, no siempre correctas, acerca de los conceptos de ergonomía. Los temas tratados fueron los siguientes: (a) la importancia de racionalizar el trabajo para aumentar la productividad y la calidad de vida del dentista; (b) requisitos de una postura ergonómica, salud ocupacional, la importancia del control de las infecciones cruzadas en la práctica dental; (c) equipo dental y la delegación de funciones, el trabajo en equipo. El diario fue grabado antes de su presentación y todas las grabaciones fueron editadas utilizando Maker. El noticiero fue presentado a los estudiantes en el aula, utilizando un proyector de video en la clase de Ergonomía en Odontología I y con una duración media de 10 minutos con periodicidad quincenal. Después de la presentación de cada noticiero "Ergonews" se les pidió a los estudiantes que evaluaran críticamente los conceptos de ergonomía emitidos por el "filósofo" del noticiero, con el objetivo de asentar dichos conocimientos adquiridos durante la clase. Se puede concluir que el noticiero "Ergonews" era una forma adicional para promover el aprendizaje acerca de la ergonomía en la odontología.Os cirurgiões-dentistas durante sua formação profissional precisam ser conscientizados a respeito do risco a que estão expostos em seu ambiente de trabalho para que possam evitá-los. Assim, propôs-se elaborar e apresentar um telejornal intitulado “Ergonews” direcionado aos estudantes do 2º ano do curso de graduação da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - UNESP com o intuito de ampliar e reforçar os conhecimentos adquiridos na disciplina de Ergonomia em Odontologia I. O telejornal contou com uma repórter e também um “filósofo”, cuja função foi emitir opiniões filosóficas nem sempre corretas a respeito dos conceitos de ergonomia. Os assuntos abordados foram: i. importância da racionalização do trabalho para aumento da produtividade e da qualidade de vida do cirurgião-dentista; ii. requisitos de postura ergonômica, saúde ocupacional, importância do controle de infecção cruzada na prática odontológica; iii. equipamentos odontológicos e delegação de funções - trabalho a quatro mãos. O jornal foi gravado previamente à sua apresentação e todas as gravações foram editadas utilizando-se o Movie Maker. O telejornal foi apresentado aos estudantes em sala de aula, utilizando projeção multimídia, nas aulas de Ergonomia em Odontologia I e apresentou média de duração de 10 minutos e periodicidade quinzenal. Após a apresentação de cada “Ergonews” os estudantes avaliaram de forma crítica os conceitos de ergonomia emitidos pelo “filósofo” do telejornal, com o objetivo de fazê-los sedimentar o aprendizado adquirido durante a aula. Pode-se concluir que o “Ergonews” foi uma forma auxiliar de promover o aprendizado sobre ergonomia em Odontologia