I Jornadas Nacionales sobre escuela y altas capacidades

Intercambio de experiencias de las I Jornadas sobre escuela y altas capacidades de la Universidad de Barcelon

Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Background Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. Methods Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. Findings Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week. Interpretation Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.Peer reviewe

Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

BACKGROUND: Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. METHODS: The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries-Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to generate cause fractions and cause-specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised

Psicología educativa : revista de los psicólogos de la educación

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónTítulo, resumen y palabras clave en español e inglésResumen extendido en inglésSe pretende dar a conocer los principales problemas surgidos y los objetivos conseguidos estos últimos años con respecto a las normativas de los diferentes países europeos referentes a la función y perfil del psicólogo educativo, así como las conclusiones del Proyecto ESPIL (European School Psychologists Improve Lifelong Learning), presentado a la Unión Europea (UE) el mes de octubre de 2010, y con el cual se ha intentado sensibilizar sobre el impacto de la evolución de las políticas de los países europeos en materia de educación y formación de los profesionales de la psicología educativa durante la última década, así como alentar a las asociaciones miembros de la UE a estudiar las consecuencias de estas políticas de educación, formación y prestación de servicios de psicólogos educativos, incluidos los perfiles profesionales, competencias y cualificaciones dentro de los nuevos paradigmas de formación permanente.ES

Perspectiva escolar

Resumen de la revista en catalánEl artículo pretende desmitificar el tema, tal y como se enfoca a menudo en los medios de información. También quiere desmentir las expectativas que, de manera no fundamentada, a menudo preocupan a los padres.CataluñaES

I Jornadas Nacionales sobre escuela y altas capacidades

Intercambio de experiencias de las I Jornadas sobre escuela y altas capacidades de la Universidad de Barcelon

El programari lliure a debat: el programari lliure, l'últim tren de l'emancipació tecnològica

En este artículo se exponen la diversas razones por las cuales la Administración pública debería implicarse en la adopción y el desarrollo del software libre. En primer lugar se revisan los conceptos más importantes relacionados con este tipo de software y se aclaran las dudas y las concepciones erróneas más frecuentes que lo envuelven. Seguidamente se exponen las ventajas generales del software libre para tratar a continuación de las ventajas concretas que trae consigo su adopción por parte de las administraciones públicas, poniendo especial énfasis en las áreas de la docencia, la investigación y los servicios a los ciudadanos y a la sociedad. Finalmente se comentan las directrices básicas para que la migración al software libre se haga con las máximas garantías de éxito

La directiva de patents de programari: un intent fallit de posar fi - dissimuladament- a la innovació informática a Europa

La societat de la informació pot esdevenir una infraestructura eficient per a l¿economia, el diàleg i el progrés o un règim feudal elitista i que compliqui les interaccions i llasti l¿economia. En bona part depèn de la legislació que s¿aprovi. Les patents de programari obstaculitzen la innovació, interfereixen en el mercat i atempten contra els drets dels ciutadans. El segon intent de legalitzar les patents de programari a Europa, amb la directiva sobre la «patentabilitat d¿invencions implementades en ordinador», ha fracassat malgrat fosques maniobres legislatives, però l¿Oficina Europea de Patents continua sense prou control democràtic per garantir que deixi de concedir patents de programari invàlides. L¿article explica què són les patents de programari, per què són perjudicials i per què no n¿hi ha prou amb bones paraules per evitar-les, sinó que calen criteris clars i perseguir les males interpretacions