Cultura tributaria y las obligaciones tributarias en el mercado número uno Puente Piedra 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación involucra a la “Cultura Tributaria y el cumplimiento de Obligaciones Tributarias en el Mercado Número Uno del distrito de Puente Piedra”, y este trabajo tiene el objetivo de determinar cómo es la influencia de la cultura tributaria en el cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias en el mercado Número Uno del distrito de Puente Piedra, así mismo conocer si existe alguna influencia entre los valores del contribuyente, conciencia y sanciones con el cumplimiento de las obligaciones sustanciales y formales del código tributario. Esta tesis realizada evidencia que hay una escasa cultura tributaria y esto hace que haya una negativa al hacer frente al cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias de los comerciantes del Mercado Número Uno del Distrito de Puente Piedra, debido a que, pese a la existencia de conocimientos básicos en temas tributarios, la no existencia de conciencia tributaria ocasiona poca predisposición al cumplimiento voluntario de dichas obligaciones, generando tolerancia a la evasión. La investigación se hizo mediante la encuesta conformada por 17 preguntas a una muestra de 60 comerciantes del mercado Número Uno del Distrito de Puente Piedra, de una población total de 71 comerciantes que esta conformada por la Asociación de Posesionarios del Mercado Número Uno el Distrito de Puente Piedra. El estudio de la investigación es de tipo aplicado, nivel de la invest

Nivel de conocimiento sobre salud bucal en gestantes atendidas en un centro de salud de Huaquillas-Ecuador 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre salud bucal en gestantes de un centro de salud de Huaquillas, Ecuador 2022. Es de tipo básica, descriptivo y transversal, se aplicó un cuestionario a 125 gestantes. Se evaluó el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal, tomando en cuenta medidas preventivas, enfermedades bucales, atención odontológica a la gestante y desarrollo de la dentición. En el presente estudio predomino el nivel de conocimiento bueno con 52%, seguido del conocimiento regular con 45,6% y el conocimiento malo con 2,4%, se evidenció que en las gestantes menores de 30 años predomino el conocimiento bueno, las gestantes que cursaron el primer trimestre de embarazo obtuvieron un nivel de conocimiento regular con un 63,6%, mientras que en el segundo y tercer trimestre las gestantes presentaron un nivel de conocimiento bueno con 55.3% y 52,2% respectivamente, las gestantes que tuvieron una educación secundaria, técnico y universidad presentaron un nivel del conocimiento bueno. El nivel de conocimiento en salud bucal que predomino en las gestantes que acudieron al centro de salud Huaquillas fue el nivel bueno

Búsqueda de la familia extensa en el proceso de adopción como protección a los derechos de los niños

Dentro de la presente investigación se tiene como punto focal el análisis sobre la adopción y la problemática que se tiene en la no notificación de la familia extensa, en los casos de restablecimiento de derechos de los menores de edad, esta situación se da cuando los niños niñas y adolescentes (en adelante NNA) estén en peligro, transgresión y/o abandono ya sea por la falta de sus padres o la negligencia de estos para con sus hijos, de ahí que hay diferentes procedimientos administrativos y como medida final se tiene la adopción, en referencia a lo anterior este procedimiento se hace a cargo del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar – ICBF, donde determina frente a los protocolos de adopción y de acuerdo al Código de Infancia y Adolescencia la forma en que se restablecen los derechos de los menores. Acorde a lo anterior, se abordará un tipo de investigación básica que se desarrolla a partir de un análisis de tipo jurídico descriptivo, orientado a la solución de la problemática estudiada, que radica sobre la adopción y la uniformidad en los métodos de recuperación de derechos, por cuanto la Corte Constitucional ha determinado que antes de iniciar un procedimiento de adopción es necesario que se cuente con un equipo multidisciplinario y por ende notificar a la familia extensa sobre el procedimiento del menor.Within the present investigation, the focal point is the analysis of adoption and the problems that exist in the non-notification of the extended family, in cases of reestablishment of rights of minors, this situation occurs when children girls and adolescents (hereinafter NNA) are in danger, 8 transgression and / or abandonment either due to the lack of their parents or the negligence of these towards their children, hence there are different administrative procedures and as a final measure there is the adoption In reference tú te abobe, thais procederé es carriel auto y te Colombiano Instituto of Familia Befare - ICBF, share ir determines aginas te adopción protocolos and acordina tú te Coda of Childhood and Adolescence the way in which the rights of minors are restored. In accordance with the above, a type of basic research will be addressed that is developed from an analysis of a descriptive legal type, oriented to the solution of the problem studied, which lies in the adoption and uniformity in the methods of recovery of rights, because the Constitutional Court has determined that before starting an adoption procedure it is necessary to have a multidisciplinary team and therefore notify the extended family about the minor's procedure.1. Problema de investigación. -- 1.1 planteamiento del problema. -- 2. Objetivos. -- 2.1 objetivo general. -- 2.2 objetivos específicos. -- 3. Justificación. -- 4. Marco de referencia. -- 4.1 estado del arte o antecedentes investigativos. -- 4.1.1 fundamentos normativos y el interés superior. -- 4.1.2 lineamientos teóricos de la adopción. -- 4.1.3 problemáticas en el proceso de adopción. -- 5. Metodología. -- 5.1 tipo de investigación. -- 5.2. Fuentes de la investigación. -- 5.2.1 fuentes primarias. -- 5.2.2 secundarias. -- 5.3 técnicas de recolección de información. -- 6. Estructura capitular. -- Capítulo i. -- 6.1 prevalencia del interés superior en el proceso de adopción. -- 6.1.1 antecedentes del principio de interés superior. -- 6.1.1.1 antecedentes internacionales. -- 6.1.1.2 antecedentes nacionales. -- 6.1.2 principio de interés superior en el proceso de adopción. -- Capítulo ii. -- 6.2 marco normativo nacional de la adopción. -- 6.2.1 marco normativo de la adopción. -- 6.2.2 proceso administrativo de adopción. -- 6.2.2.1 restablecimiento de derechos. -- 6.2.2.2 procedimiento de adopción. -- Capítulo iii. -- 6.3 derecho de los menores a conocer su familia extensa frente al Derecho de tener una familia. -- Analisis de los resultados. -- Conclusiones. -- Bibliografía. -- Anexos

QUBIC: a qualitative biclustering algorithm for analyses of gene expression data

Biclustering extends the traditional clustering techniques by attempting to find (all) subgroups of genes with similar expression patterns under to-be-identified subsets of experimental conditions when applied to gene expression data. Still the real power of this clustering strategy is yet to be fully realized due to the lack of effective and efficient algorithms for reliably solving the general biclustering problem. We report a QUalitative BIClustering algorithm (QUBIC) that can solve the biclustering problem in a more general form, compared to existing algorithms, through employing a combination of qualitative (or semi-quantitative) measures of gene expression data and a combinatorial optimization technique. One key unique feature of the QUBIC algorithm is that it can identify all statistically significant biclusters including biclusters with the so-called ‘scaling patterns’, a problem considered to be rather challenging; another key unique feature is that the algorithm solves such general biclustering problems very efficiently, capable of solving biclustering problems with tens of thousands of genes under up to thousands of conditions in a few minutes of the CPU time on a desktop computer. We have demonstrated a considerably improved biclustering performance by our algorithm compared to the existing algorithms on various benchmark sets and data sets of our own. QUBIC was written in ANSI C and tested using GCC (version 4.1.2) on Linux. Its source code is available at: http://csbl.bmb.uga.edu/∼maqin/bicluster. A server version of QUBIC is also available upon request

Multiple adhesin proteins on the cell surface of Streptococcus gordonii are involved in adhesion to human fibronectin

Adhesion of bacterial cells to fibronectin (FN) is thought to be a pivotal step in the pathogenesis of invasive infectious diseases. Viridans group streptococci such as Streptococcus gordonii are considered commensal members of the oral microflora, but are important pathogens in infective endocarditis. S. gordonii expresses a battery of cell-surface adhesins that act alone or in concert to bind host receptors. Here, we employed molecular genetic approaches to determine the relative contributions of five known S. gordonii surface proteins to adherence to human FN. Binding levels to FN by isogenic mutants lacking Hsa glycoprotein were reduced by 70 %, while mutants lacking CshA and CshB fibrillar proteins showed approximately 30 % reduced binding. By contrast, disruption of antigen I/II adhesin genes sspA and sspB in a wild-type background did not result in reduced FN binding. Enzymic removal of sialic acids from FN led to reduced S. gordonii DL1 adhesion (>50 %), but did not affect binding by the hsa mutant, indicating that Hsa interacts with sialic acid moieties on FN. Conversely, desialylation of FN did not affect adherence levels of Lactococcus lactis cells expressing SspA or SspB polypeptides. Complementation of the hsa mutant partially restored adhesion to FN. A model is proposed for FN binding by S. gordonii in which Hsa and CshA/CshB are primary adhesins, and SspA or SspB play secondary roles. Understanding the basis of oral streptococcal interactions with FN will provide a foundation for development of new strategies to control infective endocarditis

PDXNet portal: patient-derived Xenograft model, data, workflow and tool discovery.

We created the PDX Network (PDXNet) portal (https://portal.pdxnetwork.org/) to centralize access to the National Cancer Institute-funded PDXNet consortium resources, to facilitate collaboration among researchers and to make these data easily available for research. The portal includes sections for resources, analysis results, metrics for PDXNet activities, data processing protocols and training materials for processing PDX data. Currently, the portal contains PDXNet model information and data resources from 334 new models across 33 cancer types. Tissue samples of these models were deposited in the NCI\u27s Patient-Derived Model Repository (PDMR) for public access. These models have 2134 associated sequencing files from 873 samples across 308 patients, which are hosted on the Cancer Genomics Cloud powered by Seven Bridges and the NCI Cancer Data Service for long-term storage and access with dbGaP permissions. The portal includes results from freely available, robust, validated and standardized analysis workflows on PDXNet sequencing files and PDMR data (3857 samples from 629 patients across 85 disease types). The PDXNet portal is continuously updated with new data and is of significant utility to the cancer research community as it provides a centralized location for PDXNet resources, which support multi-agent treatment studies, determination of sensitivity and resistance mechanisms, and preclinical trials

Echinococcus granulosus : epidemiology and state-of-the-art of diagnostics in animals

Diagnosis and detection of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) infection in animals is a prerequisite for epidemiological studies and surveillance of echinococcosis in endemic, re-emergent or emergent transmission zones. Advances in diagnostic approaches for definitive hosts and livestock, however, have not progressed equally over the last 20 years. Development of laboratory based diagnostics for canids using coproantigen ELISA and also coproPCR, have had a huge impact on epidemiological studies and more recently on surveillance during hydatid control programmes. In contrast, diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in livestock still relies largely on conventional post-mortem inspection, despite a relatively low diagnostic sensitivity especially in early infections, as current serodiagnostics do not provide a sufficiently specific and sensitive practical pre-mortem alternative. As a result, testing of dog faecal samples by coproantigen ELISA, often combined with mass ultrasound screening programmes for human CE, has been the preferred approach for monitoring and surveillance in resource-poor endemic areas and during control schemes. In this article we review the current options and approaches for diagnosis of E. granulosus infection in definitive and animal intermediate hosts (including applications in non-domesticated species) and make conclusions and recommendations for further improvements in diagnosis for use in epidemiological studies and surveillance schemes

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication