Comunicação alternativa: um caminho para a inclusão educacional / Alternative communication: a pathway to educational inclusion

Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a inclusão da pessoa com deficiência na escola, propondo oficinas de Comunicação Alternativa e Ampliada (CAA) para professores de escolas regulares com alunos com deficiência.Metodologicamente, utilizou-se dos preceitos da pesquisa-ação colaborativa. Foram realizadas oficinas em duas escolas públicas do estado de Sergipe, das quais participaram trinta professores da sala comum e da sala de Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE). As oficinas aconteceram no período de novembro de 2015 a junho de 2016. Mais de 40 materiais de CAA de baixo custo/baixa tecnologia foram confeccionados ao longo das oficinas em cada escola mediante a instrumentalização de professores. As oficinas também favoreceram a autonomia dos professores no que se refere à construção dos materiais de CAA, além de trazerem à tona alternativas e ideias para a adaptação de materiais já existentes em um espaço de discussão e aprendizado sobre os possíveis caminhos rumo à inclusão socioeducacional

Using multi-criteria analysis for smart city assessment

Urban centers have been under a new concept of city. Smart Cities are, in a nutshell, organized communities that feature high communication technology and conscious investments in sustainability, providing dynamic and safe environments. This paper presents a methodology to assess and rank Smart Cities based on a multi-criteria decision-making process. Methodologies that do not consider a pondered approach and filter for specific goals are commonly found in the literature, once there is a great number of criteria involved in these analyses. This work proposes filtering the criteria, considering each specific evaluation and its objectives. Our methodology is based on a multi-criteria analysis and uses AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to support the process of weights definition and MACBAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison) in an application with compensatory characteristics. Through this study, it is possible to conduct the assessment of Smart Cities according to its multiple contexts, viz. its location, decision-makers and the objectives of the analysis. All in all, this research presents novelty related to the organization of the evaluation in accord to the expected resolution and a pondered approach with reduced number of criteria, making the analysis very straightforward.publicad

Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia Secondary to Canine Mammary Tumors

Background: Paraneoplastic syndromes are complexes symptom that occur at a distinct site from the primary tumor or its metastasis by the production of hormone by the tissue in which the tumor appears. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is associated with an abnormal elevation of serum calcium levels and the mainly tumor related to this syndrome in canine is lymphoma, anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma and multiple myeloma. In mammary tumors, the most frequent tumor that affect female dogs, this syndrome was also observed. The aims of this study were to evaluate serum calcium levels in female dogs with malignant mammary tumors and correlate calcium levels with clinicopathological parameters.Materials, Methods & Results: It was evaluated fifty-one female dogs with mammary carcinomas (simple carcinomas and carcinoma in mixed tumors) for serum calcium levels using colorimetric test. Clinical-histopathological data as spray status, pseudopregnancy, tumor size, ulceration, clinical staging, histopathological type and tumor grade were also evaluated in association with serum calcium levels. All dogs were treated with unilateral mastectomy. It was observed that 18 animals (35%) had calcium serum levels increased (>11.5 mg/dL) and 56% (10/18 cases) of these animals had serum calcium levels higher than 12 mg/dL. All dogs with hypercalcemia were asymptomatic, including two female dogs that presented the highest levels (13.43 mg/dL and 14.28 mg/dL). Hypercalcemia of malignancy was related to mammary carcinomas after the exclusion of other causes of hypercalcemia through laboratory tests (complete blood count and serum biochemistry) and abdominal ultrasound. No correlation was verified between the corrected serum calcium values with clinical and histopathological parameters evaluated.Discussion: In this study, it was observed a high incidence of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia associated with canine mammary tumors (35%). In humans, this syndrome is related in up to 10% of all patients with advanced cancer and with worse prognosis. The most frequent clinical signs of hypercalcemia are nonspecific and can be confused with other diseases, such as polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, constipation, lethargy and weakness. The treatment of this syndrome is based on tumor resection and when necessary other treatments can be performed with fluid containing 0.9% sodium chloride, furosemide, prednisolone and calcitonin. Patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic hypercalcemia (calcium levels <12 mg/ dL) do not require immediate treatment. Clinical signs occur more frequently with serum calcium levels higher than 15 mg/dL. Calcium levels higher than 18 mg/dL are considered a medical emergency and the clinical signs observed are trigger seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, acute renal failure and death. Most animals of this study presented mild hypercalcemia, that could justify the absence of clinical signs related to this syndrome, and the treatment for this syndrome was the tumor removal. The high serum calcium levels did not show correlation with more aggressive tumors and poorer prognosis, conditions evaluated by histological type, tumor grade and clinical stage. The evaluation of serum calcium levels is an important clinical test to be done in female dogs with mammary tumors, besides to be an affordable and technically simple test. The clinical signs related to this syndrome are nonspecific and may be confused with other diseases commonly observed in older dogs. The data suggest that there are no correlation between serum calcium levels with aggressiveness of canine mammary tumors and with other clinical features

Survey based assessment of diagnosis through periapical radiograph and CBCT and treatment of root resorption with Brazilian and American dentists and endodontists

This study assesses and compares the knowledge level of endodontists (ENDs) and general dental practitioners (GPs) from Brazil and United States of America (USA) in the diagnosis and treatment of internal and external inflammatory root resorptions throug

Percepção do discente no processo formativo do curso de Licenciatura em Química EaD diante das limitações impostas pela pandemia do Covid-19

The formalization of educational methods represents humanity's attempt to make the sharing of knowledge common in the various practices of learning. With regard to knowledge sharing, there are no totally right or wrong models, and it is up to students and educators to adjust the model considered viable for the context and time in which the learning process is inserted. In addition, different models can complement each other, maximizing the potential of each one or mitigating weaknesses that may exist. In this sense, the need for physical distancing and social isolation imposed by the covid-19 pandemic accelerated the popularization of education in various institutions throughout the planet. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the various aspects that make up the use of these tools as educational adjustments during the pandemic period. In this sense, the objective of this work was to carry out a diagnosis through the report of the experience of the academics of the Degree in Chemistry EaD at the Federal University of Tocantins during the Covid-19 pandemic in the triennium 2020, 2021 and 2022. a basic descriptive research with a quantitative approach, with the collection of data from the application of an online questionnaire to the students of the Degree in Chemistry, in the form of Distance Education. Benefits of the Distance Education modality were found superior to the face-to-face modality courses during the pandemic period, due to the availability of the use of platforms and technologies already established throughout the course of distance education.A formalização de métodos educacionais representa a tentativa da humanidade de tornar comum o compartilhamento de saberes nas diversas práticas do aprender. No que diz respeito ao compartilhamento de saberes não existem modelos totalmente certos ou errados, cabendo a educandos e educadores o ajuste no modelo considerado viável para o contexto e o tempo em que o processo de aprendizagem está inserido. Além disso, diversos modelos podem complementarem-se maximizando o potencial de cada um ou mitigando fragilidades que possam existir. Nesse sentido, a necessidade de distanciamento físico e isolamento social impostas pela pandemia de covid-19 aceleraram a popularização da educação em diversas instituições ao longo de todo o planeta. Desse modo, faz-se necessário avaliar os diversos aspectos que compõe o uso dessas ferramentas como ajustes educacionais durante o período pandêmico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico através do relato da experiência dos acadêmicos do curso de Licenciatura em Química EaD da Universidade Federal do Tocantins durante a pandemia do Covid-19 no triênio 2020, 2021 e 2022. Para tanto desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa básica descritiva de abordagem quantitativa, com a coleta de dados a partir da aplicação um questionário on-line aos alunos do Curso de Licenciatura em Química, na modalidade de Educação a Distância. Foram constatados benefícios da modalidade de Educação a Distância superiores aos cursos de modalidade presenciais durante o período pandêmico, devido a disponibilidade do uso de plataformas e tecnologias já estabelecidas ao longo de todo o percurso da EaD

A IMPORTÂNCIA DO APRENDIZADO EM SALA DE AULA SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL E DOENÇAS SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSÍVEIS

Scientific studies that approach sexuality in the school environment highlight the importance of children having contact with the subject from the early years of primary school, in a responsible and appropriate manner, thus minimizing as much as possible the dangers caused by a lack of information. This study aimed to analyze students' knowledge and the importance of topics such as sexual education and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) within the classroom. Cross-sectional study, which was carried out with three classes of 2nd year students at the Monsenhor Manuel Vieira State School of Elementary and Secondary Education in the city of Patos, PB in 2019. Data were collected through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire , containing questions about sexuality and STDs and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. 92 students participated in the research, 63 of whom were female and 29 male. There was a prevalence of age range between 15 and 18 years. Regarding knowledge of an STD, 89% responded that they knew and 11% that they did not, with AIDS being the most cited among those who knew. Regarding STD prevention methods, 91% of young people said they knew some prevention method and 9% did not know any method. The vast majority stated that the internet and TV were the main source of information about sexuality.Estudos científicos em que possuem como abordagem a sexualidade no ambiente escolar, destacam a importância das crianças terem contato com o assunto desde os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, de forma responsável e adequada, minimizando assim ao máximo os perigos causados pela falta de informação. Este estudo objetivou-se analisar o conhecimento de alunos e a importância de temas como educação sexual e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST’s) dentro da sala de aula. Estudo transversal, que foi realizado com três turmas de alunos do 2º ano da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Monsenhor Manuel Vieira no município de Patos, PB no ano de 2019. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um questionário semi-estruturado, contendo perguntas sobre sexualidade e DST’s e analisados quali-quantitativamente. Participaram da pesquisa 92 alunos, onde 63 são do sexo feminino e 29 masculino. Observou-se uma prevalência de faixa etária entre 15 a 18 anos. Em relação ao conhecimento de uma DST, 89% responderam que conhecem e 11% que não, sendo a AIDS a mais citada entre os que conheciam. Quanto aos métodos de prevenção das DST’s, 91% dos jovens afirmaram conhecer algum método de prevenção e 9% não conhecem método algum. A grande maioria afirmou ser a internet e a TV a principal fonte de informação sobre sexualidade

ÁGUA INFECTADA E A CORRELAÇÃO COM A HEPATITE E

Hepatitis E infection is found worldwide and is common in low- and middle-income countries with limited access to essential water, sanitation, hygiene and health services. In these areas, the disease occurs in both outbreaks and sporadic cases. Outbreaks often follow periods of fecal contamination of drinking water supplies and can affect thousands of people. This article aims to raise awareness among the population about the risks of hepatitis E and mainly to highlight the correlation with water. This is an integrative review of the literature. Within the time window of the last five years. The results confirm the importance of drinking water and basic sanitation, as well as highlighting the lack of studies in this area. Therefore it is necessary to talk more about hepatitis E, this article has the legacy of being the basis for other reviews, highlighting that prevention is the most effective approach against infection, however it is necessary to maintain quality standards for public water supply and establish adequate human feces disposal systems, as well as personal hygiene care.A infecção por hepatite E é encontrada em todo o mundo e é comum em países de baixo e médio rendimento com acesso limitado a serviços essenciais de água, saneamento, higiene e saúde. Nessas áreas, a doença ocorre tanto em surtos quanto em casos esporádicos. Os surtos geralmente seguem-se a períodos de contaminação fecal do abastecimento de água potável e podem afetar milhares de pessoas. Esse artigo tem como objetivo conscientizar a população sobre os riscos da hepatite E e principalmente destacar a correlação com a água. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Dentro da janela temporal dos últimos cinco anos. Os resultados confirmam a importância da água potável e saneamento básico, bem como evidenciam a falta de estudos nessa área. Por tanto é necessário falar mais sobre a hepatite E, esse artigo fica com o legado de ser base para outras revisões, ressaltando que a prevenção é a abordagem mais eficaz contra a infecção, entretanto é necessário manter padrões de qualidade para o abastecimento público de água e estabelecer sistemas adequados de eliminação de fezes humanas, bem como os cuidados de higiene pessoal

Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

BACKGROUND: Detailed assessments of mortality patterns, particularly age-specific mortality, represent a crucial input that enables health systems to target interventions to specific populations. Understanding how all-cause mortality has changed with respect to development status can identify exemplars for best practice. To accomplish this, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) estimated age-specific and sex-specific all-cause mortality between 1970 and 2016 for 195 countries and territories and at the subnational level for the five countries with a population greater than 200 million in 2016. METHODS: We have evaluated how well civil registration systems captured deaths using a set of demographic methods called death distribution methods for adults and from consideration of survey and census data for children younger than 5 years. We generated an overall assessment of completeness of registration of deaths by dividing registered deaths in each location-year by our estimate of all-age deaths generated from our overall estimation process. For 163 locations, including subnational units in countries with a population greater than 200 million with complete vital registration (VR) systems, our estimates were largely driven by the observed data, with corrections for small fluctuations in numbers and estimation for recent years where there were lags in data reporting (lags were variable by location, generally between 1 year and 6 years). For other locations, we took advantage of different data sources available to measure under-5 mortality rates (U5MR) using complete birth histories, summary birth histories, and incomplete VR with adjustments; we measured adult mortality rate (the probability of death in individuals aged 15-60 years) using adjusted incomplete VR, sibling histories, and household death recall. We used the U5MR and adult mortality rate, together with crude death rate due to HIV in the GBD model life table system, to estimate age-specific and sex-specific death rates for each location-year. Using various international databases, we identified fatal discontinuities, which we defined as increases in the death rate of more than one death per million, resulting from conflict and terrorism, natural disasters, major transport or technological accidents, and a subset of epidemic infectious diseases; these were added to estimates in the relevant years. In 47 countries with an identified peak adult prevalence for HIV/AIDS of more than 0·5% and where VR systems were less than 65% complete, we informed our estimates of age-sex-specific mortality using the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model fitted to national HIV/AIDS prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance systems. We estimated stillbirths, early neonatal, late neonatal, and childhood mortality using both survey and VR data in spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression models. We estimated abridged life tables for all location-years using age-specific death rates. We grouped locations into development quintiles based on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and analysed mortality trends by quintile. Using spline regression, we estimated the expected mortality rate for each age-sex group as a function of SDI. We identified countries with higher life expectancy than expected by comparing observed life expectancy to anticipated life expectancy on the basis of development status alone. FINDINGS: Completeness in the registration of deaths increased from 28% in 1970 to a peak of 45% in 2013; completeness was lower after 2013 because of lags in reporting. Total deaths in children younger than 5 years decreased from 1970 to 2016, and slower decreases occurred at ages 5-24 years. By contrast, numbers of adult deaths increased in each 5-year age bracket above the age of 25 years. The distribution of annualised rates of change in age-specific mortality rate differed over the period 2000 to 2016 compared with earlier decades: increasing annualised rates of change were less frequent, although rising annualised rates of change still occurred in some locations, particularly for adolescent and younger adult age groups. Rates of stillbirths and under-5 mortality both decreased globally from 1970. Evidence for global convergence of death rates was mixed; although the absolute difference between age-standardised death rates narrowed between countries at the lowest and highest levels of SDI, the ratio of these death rates-a measure of relative inequality-increased slightly. There was a strong shift between 1970 and 2016 toward higher life expectancy, most noticeably at higher levels of SDI. Among countries with populations greater than 1 million in 2016, life expectancy at birth was highest for women in Japan, at 86·9 years (95% UI 86·7-87·2), and for men in Singapore, at 81·3 years (78·8-83·7) in 2016. Male life expectancy was generally lower than female life expectancy between 1970 and 2016, an

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors 2017 includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. METHODS: We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting