La doble ruptura: problemas epistemológicos a partir de la construcción de una base de datos histórica relativa a la conversión forzada

Este articulo muestra algunos problemas epistemológicos derivados de la explotación de los textos recogidos en el proceso e creación de la base de datos del proyecto POCRAM, relativa a la cuestión de la «conversión religiosa» entre la antigüedad tardía y el fin de la edad moderna. Así mismo se hace un balance de la evolución de las humanidades numéricas (especialmente en Francia), así como de los proyectos precedentes en que se inspira la conceptualización de la base. Presentamos nuestro Corpus y las consecuencias de su explotación gracias al uso de diferentes software que provocan una doble ruptura, epistemológica y conceptual  en la forma de entender la historia

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Rituals of Victory: The Role of Liturgy in the Consecration of Mosques in the Castilian Expansion over Islam from Eleventh to Thirteenth Centuries

Scholarly work on the conquest of Muslim cities in the so-called Castilian Reconquista has focused largely on political consequences rather than conquest rituals. Against the previous background, this article turns attention toward civil and religious rituals associated with the Christian conquest of Muslim cities as an expression of triumph. Among these rituals, the conversion of the congregational mosques has been discussed in chronicles and liturgical books that reveals the role of liturgy to understand both appropriation and sacralization of the mosque to remove these places from Muslim control, restoring the Christian faith in the new churches. These rituals are an evident legacy of Roman law modified in late antiquity, and this paper’s main aim is to highlight the re-use of preexisting Church consecration ceremonies gathered in the Roman Pontifical in order to clean up the “Mohammedan filth” applied to post-Reconquista churches

e.Civitas. Medieval Cities Data Base.

El estudio del mundo urbano en el periodo medieval es un área de investigación que cuenta con tradición historiográfica europea y que en la UCM es desarrollada por los miembros del equipo que forman la propuesta e-Civitas. La propuesta se desarrolla en el cruce disciplinar entre las Humanidades Digitales y la Historia Urbana con especial atención en la edad media. La creación de la base de datos va más allá de la transferencia de conocimiento en el binomio investigación / difusión, sino que supone la sistematización de contenidos y la creación de nuevos interrogantes.The study of the urban world in the medieval period is a Research topic with solid tradition in European Universities, and some members of e-Civitas teams have developed their expertise research concerning the topic. The project e.Civitas involves the disciplinary crossing of Digital Humanities and Medieval Urban History , the creation of the data Base e-civitas, goes beyond of transference of information / new contents; in fact the new data base involves a refection on the origin of medieval cities and open new perspectives and new questions.Depto. de Historia de América y Medieval y Ciencias HistoriográficasFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEUCMsubmitte

e-Civitas. Database of Medieval Cities

Proyecto en curso, continuará en próximos años.El proyecto de innovación docente e.-Civitas Base de datos sobre las ciudades medievales tiene por objetivo crear un espacio de encuentro entre la investigación sobre mundo urbano y la docencia en los grados de Historia y Arqueología. El objetivo del mismo es sistematizar información sobre ciudades medievales en una base de datos como resultado de las actividades del proyecto y la formación de los alumnos en herramientas TIC.The teaching innovation project e.-Civitas Database on medieval cities aims to create a meeting point between research on the urban world and teaching in History and Archaeology degrees. The aim of the project is to systematise information on medieval cities in a database as a result of the activities of the project and the training of students in ICT tools.Le projet d'innovation pédagogique e.-Civitas Database on medieval cities vise à créer un point de rencontre entre la recherche sur le monde urbain et l'enseignement dans les diplômes d'histoire et d'archéologie. L'objectif du projet est de systématiser les informations sur les villes médiévales dans une base de données, grâce aux activités du projet et à la formation des étudiants aux outils TIC.Depto. de Historia de América y Medieval y Ciencias HistoriográficasFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEUniversidad Complutense de MadridComunidad de Madridsubmitte