Pengaruh Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular dan Trichoderma harzianum pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.) di Tanah Liat dan Tanah Pasir

Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular dan Trichoderma harzianum merupakan mikroorganisme yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman sawi. Pertumbuhan tanaman sawi juga dipengaruhi oleh media tanam seperti media tanam tanah liat dan tanah pasir. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menguji pengaruh jenis media tanam yang digunakan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi, menguji pengaruh jenis agen hayati yang digunakan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi hijau, dan mendeskripsikan interaksi antara jenis media tanam dengan jenis agen hayati yang digunakan terhadap pertumbuhan sawi hijau. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Variabel manipulasi yaitu jenis agen hayati dan jenis media tanam. Penelitian  ini menggunakan enam perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak empat kali sehingga diperoleh 24 unit percobaan. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati yaitu biomassa basah, tinggi tanaman serta jumlah daun. Data dianalisis dengan ANAVA dua arah kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh media tanam tanah pasir dan agen hayati Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi hijau, dan interaksi antara tanah pasir dan Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi hijau yaitu biomassa basah dan jumlah daun

Influence of customer reviews, safety and convenience on online purchasing decisions Case study marketplace shopee

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of customer reviews, security and convenience on online purchasing decisions through the marketplace. This research is a quantitative research. The target population is the people of Yogyakarta shopping online on the Shopee marketplace. The research sample is 100 respondents. The data collection method used the questionnaire method, while the data analysis technique used multiple regression analysis and classical assumption test consisting of normality test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test. The results showed that customer reviews had a positive effect on online purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.029 0.05. Security has a positive effect on online purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002 0.05. Ease has a positive effect on online purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.000 0.05. Customer reviews, security and convenience simultaneously influence online purchasing decisions on the Shopee marketplace with a significance value of 0.000 0.05

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENYELESAIAN TUGAS AKHIR MAHASISWA JURUSAN MATEMATIKA ANGKATAN 2015-2017 UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN

According to the Student Status data of FMIPA UNSOED,  from 190 students of the Mathematics Department 2015-2017, there were only 22 students who graduated no more than 4 years (for 8 semesters). This study aims to determine the factors that influence the completion of the final project of the 2015-2017 UNSOED Mathematics Department students. This study uses primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to students of the Department of Mathematics class 2015-2017 UNSOED and secondary data obtained from Bapendik FMIPA UNSOED. The method used in this research is factor analysis with 10 independent variables. The results showed that there were 3 factors that influenced the completion of the final project of the 2015-2017 UNSOED Mathematics Department students. The first factor is the student's persistence factor, the second is the supervisor's factor, and the third is the student's ability factor

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DENGAN MIND MAPPING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATERI SISTEM GERAK PADA MANUSIA

Problem Based Learning dengan Mind Mapping merupakan alternatif pembelajaran biologi yang menarik, membantu siswa berpikir kritis dan mampu memecahkan masalah, meningkatkan kreatifitas dan aktivitas siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model Problem Based Learning dengan Mind Mapping terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem gerak manusia kelas VIIIdi SMP Negeri 01 Ungaran. Jenis Penelitian ini eksperimen kuasi dengan rancangan penelitian Post-test only design. Sampel penelitian ditentukan secara Purposive Sampling, yaitu kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII B sebagai kelas kontrol. Data utama penelitian adalah hasil belajar kognitif melalui post-test dan lembar diskusi siswa dianalisis menggunakan t-test. Data pendukung berupa data hasil belajar keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, tanggapan siswa dan tanggapan guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan Problem Based Learning dengan Mind Mapping pada kelas eksperimen berbeda terhadap kelas kontrol dengan analisis hasil posttest, t-test menunjukkan thitung 3,474> ttabel 2,042. Rata-rata nilai hasil belajar afektif siswa kelas eksperimen 86 sedangkan pada kelas kontrol 81,43. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model Problem Based Learning dengan Mind Mappingberpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem gerak pada manusia kelas VIII. Kata kunci:, mind mapping, Problem Based Learning, hasil belaja

Pengaruh Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular dan Trichoderma harzianum pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea L.) di Tanah Liat dan Tanah Pasir

Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular dan Trichoderma harzianum merupakan mikroorganisme yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman sawi. Pertumbuhan tanaman sawi juga dipengaruhi oleh media tanam seperti media tanam tanah liat dan tanah pasir. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menguji pengaruh jenis media tanam yang digunakan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi, menguji pengaruh jenis agen hayati yang digunakan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi hijau, dan mendeskripsikan interaksi antara jenis media tanam dengan jenis agen hayati yang digunakan terhadap pertumbuhan sawi hijau. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Variabel manipulasi yaitu jenis agen hayati dan jenis media tanam. Penelitian  ini menggunakan enam perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak empat kali sehingga diperoleh 24 unit percobaan. Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati yaitu biomassa basah, tinggi tanaman serta jumlah daun. Data dianalisis dengan ANAVA dua arah kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh media tanam tanah pasir dan agen hayati Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi hijau, dan interaksi antara tanah pasir dan Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi hijau yaitu biomassa basah dan jumlah daun

ANALYSIS OF THE PENETRATION CAPABILITY OF VISIBLE SPECTRUM WITH AN ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT THROUGH THE APPARENT OPTICAL PROPERTIES APPROACH IN THE DETERMINATION OF A BATHYMETRY ANALYTICAL MODEL

The attenuation coefficient (Kd) can be extracted by an apparent optical properties(AOP) approach to determine marine shallow-water habitat bathymetry based on an analytical method. Such a method was employed in the Red Sea by Benny and Dawson in 1983 using Landsat MSS imagery. Therefore, we applied the Benny and Dawson algorithm to extract bathymetry in shallow marine waters off Karimunjawa Island, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia. We used the SPOT 6 satellite, which has four multispectral bands with a spatial resolution of 6 meters. The results show that three bands of SPOT 6 data (the blue, green, and red bands) can produce bathymetric information up to 30.29, 24.63 and 18.58 meters depth respectively. The determinations of the attenuation coefficients of the three bands are 0.08069, 0.09330, and 0.39641. The overall accuracy of absolute bathymetry of the blue, green, and red bands is 61.12%, 65.73%, and 26.25% respectively, and the kappa coefficients are 0.45, 0.52, and 0.13

Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods: We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings: In 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0–13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2–111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133–153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00–7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8–12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1–6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0–73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0–88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0–55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0–42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0–18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0–7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0–24·0) and incidence rates increased by 15·0% (12·0–18·0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3·6 (3·5–3·8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3·7 (3·5–3·9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62·4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7·63 million [6·57–8·96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27·9% (3·41 million [2·97–3·91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9·7% (1·18 million [1·01–1·39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79·6 million [67·7–90·8] DALYs or 55·5% [48·2–62·0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34·9 million [22·3–48·6] DALYs or 24·3% [15·7–33·2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28·9 million [19·8–41·5] DALYs or 20·2% [13·8–29·1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28·7 million [23·4–33·4] DALYs or 20·1% [16·6–23·0]), and smoking (25·3 million [22·6–28·2] DALYs or 17·6% [16·4–19·0]). Interpretation: The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000–2018

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)-giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life-is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization's Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030.This work was primarily supported by grant no. OPP1132415 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Co-authors used by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (E.G.P. and R.R.3) provided feedback on initial maps and drafts of this manuscript. L.G.A. has received support from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES), Código de Financiamento 001 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (grant nos. 404710/2018-2 and 310797/2019-5). O.O.Adetokunboh acknowledges the National Research Foundation, Department of Science and Innovation and South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis. M.Ausloos, A.Pana and C.H. are partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project no. PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. P.C.B. would like to acknowledge the support of F. Alam and A. Hussain. T.W.B. was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. K.Deribe is supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant no. 201900/Z/16/Z) as part of his international intermediate fellowship. C.H. and A.Pana are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project no. PN-III-P2-2.1-SOL-2020-2-0351. B.Hwang is partially supported by China Medical University (CMU109-MF-63), Taichung, Taiwan. M.Khan acknowledges Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University for their support. A.M.K. acknowledges the other collaborators and the corresponding author. Y.K. was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (grant no. XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITM/0004). K.Krishan is supported by a DST PURSE grant and UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M.Kumar would like to acknowledge FIC/NIH K43 TW010716-03. I.L. is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Panamá. M.L. was supported by China Medical University, Taiwan (CMU109-N-22 and CMU109-MF-118). W.M. is currently a programme analyst in Population and Development at the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Country Office in Peru, which does not necessarily endorses this study. D.E.N. acknowledges Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council. G.C.P. is supported by an NHMRC research fellowship. P.Rathi acknowledges support from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India. Ramu Rawat acknowledges the support of the GBD Secretariat for supporting the reviewing and collaboration of this paper. B.R. acknowledges support from Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. A.Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through FCT, under the programme of ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment—Individual Support’ within the contract no. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND 2018/CEECIND/02386/2018/CP1538/CT0001/PT. S.Sajadi acknowledges colleagues at Global Burden of Diseases and Local Burden of Disease. A.M.S. acknowledges the support from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F.S. was supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (grant no. KQTD20190929172835662). A.Sheikh is supported by Health Data Research UK. B.K.S. acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for all the academic support. B.U. acknowledges support from Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. C.S.W. is supported by the South African Medical Research Council. Y.Z. was supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (grant no. Q20201104) and Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Technology Innovation Team Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (grant no. T2020003). The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. All maps presented in this study are generated by the authors and no permissions are required to publish them

Mapping geographical inequalities in access to drinking water and sanitation facilities in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17

Background Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinking water and sanitation facilities. Methods We used a Bayesian geostatistical model and data from 600 sources across more than 88 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to estimate access to drinking water and sanitation facilities on continuous continent-wide surfaces from 2000 to 2017, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. We estimated mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subcategories of facilities for drinking water (piped water on or off premises, other improved facilities, unimproved, and surface water) and sanitation facilities (septic or sewer sanitation, other improved, unimproved, and open defecation) with use of ordinal regression. We also estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths in children younger than 5 years attributed to unsafe facilities and estimated deaths that were averted by increased access to safe facilities in 2017, and analysed geographical inequality in access within LMICs. Findings Across LMICs, access to both piped water and improved water overall increased between 2000 and 2017, with progress varying spatially. For piped water, the safest water facility type, access increased from 40.0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 39.4-40.7) to 50.3% (50.0-50.5), but was lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to piped water was mostly concentrated in urban centres. Access to both sewer or septic sanitation and improved sanitation overall also increased across all LMICs during the study period. For sewer or septic sanitation, access was 46.3% (95% UI 46.1-46.5) in 2017, compared with 28.7% (28.5-29.0) in 2000. Although some units improved access to the safest drinking water or sanitation facilities since 2000, a large absolute number of people continued to not have access in several units with high access to such facilities (>80%) in 2017. More than 253 000 people did not have access to sewer or septic sanitation facilities in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, despite 88.6% (95% UI 87.2-89.7) access overall. Many units were able to transition from the least safe facilities in 2000 to safe facilities by 2017; for units in which populations primarily practised open defecation in 2000, 686 (95% UI 664-711) of the 1830 (1797-1863) units transitioned to the use of improved sanitation. Geographical disparities in access to improved water across units decreased in 76.1% (95% UI 71.6-80.7) of countries from 2000 to 2017, and in 53.9% (50.6-59.6) of countries for access to improved sanitation, but remained evident subnationally in most countries in 2017. Interpretation Our estimates, combined with geospatial trends in diarrhoeal burden, identify where efforts to increase access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities are most needed. By highlighting areas with successful approaches or in need of targeted interventions, our estimates can enable precision public health to effectively progress towards universal access to safe water and sanitation. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings The global TFR decreased from 2.72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2.66-2.79) in 2000 to 2.31 (2.17-2.46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134.5 million (131.5-137.8) in 2000 to a peak of 139.6 million (133.0-146.9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135.3 million (127.2-144.1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2.1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% (95% UI 26.4-27.8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67.2 years (95% UI 66.8-67.6) in 2000 to 73.5 years (72.8-74.3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50.7 million (49.5-51.9) in 2000 to 56.5 million (53.7-59.2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9.6 million (9.1-10.3) in 2000 to 5.0 million (4.3-6.0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25.7%, from 6.2 billion (6.0-6.3) in 2000 to 7.7 billion (7.5-8.0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58.6 years (56.1-60.8) in 2000 to 63.5 years (60.8-66.1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe