Arqueología de la producción, distribución y consumo de la cerámica del Tejar de San Bernabé en los Siglos XVII y XVIII en Tierrabomba (Cartagena)

330 páginasEl Tejar de San Bernabé fue un sitio de producción cerámica que pertenecía a los jesuitas en los siglos XVII y XVIII ubicado en la Isla de Tierrabomba. Por este motivo, esta investigación buscó abordar la producción, distribución y consumo de la cerámica producida allí a partir de los conceptos de habitus, capital y campo social de Bourdieu. Así, en primer lugar, se buscó analizar los componentes del Paisaje Histórico Industrial y las tendencias de producción; en segundo lugar, se observaron las posibles rutas y relaciones con otros centros de producción; en tercer lugar, se analizó el consumo de cerámica colonial en 13 sitios de contextos domésticos, religiosos y militares de Cartagena; y en cuarto lugar, se abordaron los procesos de formación de sitio y la relación de la comunidad de Tierrabomba con el lugar. De esta forma, se observó cómo el Tejar de San Bernabé se insertó en las dinámicas de la sociedad cartagenera colonial.The Tejar de San Bernabé was a pottery production site that belonged to the Jesuits during the 17th and 18th centuries (Isla de Tierrabomba). For this reason, this research sought to address the production, distribution and consumption of the pottery produced there from the concepts of habitus, capital and field of Bourdieu. Thus, in the first place it was sought to analyze the components of the Historic Industrial Landscape and production trends; in second place, the possible routes and relations with other production centers were observed; in third place, the consumption of colonial pottery were analyzed in 13 sites from domestic, religious and military contexts in Cartagena; and, in fourth place, the site formation processes and the relationship of the Tierrabomba community with the heritage site were addressed. This way, it was observed how the Tejar de San Bernabé was inserted in the dynamics of the colonial Cartagena society.Arqueologo(a)Pregrad

GLOSSÁRIO TERMINOLÓGICO: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DOS TERMOS CULTURAIS UTILIZADOS PELAS COMUNIDADES GAYS DE BELÉM A NÍVEL DE ESCOLARIDADE

A inserção do fator social em Terminologia, afirma Tarallo (1994) ocorreu via observação aos postulados teóricos da Sociolingüística e propõe uma sistematização para a variação existente e própria da língua falada. Surge assim a Socioterminologia, que segundo Borges (2011) passa a ser defendida por vários linguistas que reconheceram que as terminologias estão sujeitas à variação. A presente pesquisa está fundamentada na Socioterminologia, por trabalhar com as variantes terminológicas das comunidades gays de Belém, levando em consideração as diferenças nos níveis de escolaridade, localidade e idade. A partir da pesquisa de campo foi possível a construção de um glossário dos termos utilizados por dois grupos gays da cidade de Belém. ABSTRACT: The insertion of the social factor in Terminology, says Tarallo (1994), occurred through observation to the theoretical postulates of Sociolinguistics and proposes systematization for the existing and proper variation of the spoken language. Thus emerges Socioterminology, which according to Borges (2011) comes to be defended by several linguists who recognized that terminologies are subject to variation. The present research is based on the Socioterminology, for working with the terminological variants of the gay communities of Belém, taking into account the differences in levels of schooling, locality and age. From the field research it was possible to construct a glossary of terms used by two gay groups in the city of Belém. KEY WORDS: Socioterminology; Socioleto; Bajubá

Valoración del paciente geriátrico en el servicio de medicina interna

Introduction: The increase in the population of the elderly, added to the increase in pluripatology and polypharmacy, makes their admission to hospitals more and more frequent. Objectives: To establish the profile of the geriatric patient older than 75 years, with pluripatology and treated in the Internal Medicine Unit of the Virgen de la Concha Hospital. Analyze the results of the functional assessment through the Barthel scale. Identify the social situation through the Gijón scale. Methods: Retrospective observational study in the internal medicine hospitalization unit over a year. Descriptive analysis of variables: demographic (age, sex); functional capacity and social assessment. The data obtained from the Gacela Care software application. Results: 1285 admissions were made, with an average age of 78 years. A sample of 915 patients ≥75 years old was obtained, with a mean age of 85.9 ± 5.4 years (75-101), mode 89 and median 86 years. 43.5% are ≥85 years. 53.11% women and 46.88% men. Average hospital stay 7.4 ± 5.2 days (0-66). Dependency assessment: 38.57% with total dependence (62.32% women); 9.61% severe dependence (54.54% women); 15.19% moderate dependence (54.67% women); 26.22% mild dependence (47.08% women); 10.38% independent (30.56% women). Social situation: 28.80% without risk (64.63% women); 60.30% good social situation (47.37% women); 6.2% average social situation (56.60% women); and 4.68% severe social deterioration (52.5% women) Conclusions: The profile of the patients studied approximates that of “geriatric patient”. The highest percentage presents a level of total dependence, causing greater demand for care and resources. There are few patients with severe social impairment. There are a greater number of total dependent patients without institutionalizing. Therefore, the burden of care for these patients is carried out by family members from home, justifying the importance of the assessment of caregivers and evaluation of resources related to family overload and primary caregiver.Introducción: El aumento de la población de personas mayores, añadido al aumento de pluripatología y polifarmacia, hace cada vez más frecuente su ingreso en los hospitales. Objetivos: Establecer el perfil del paciente geriátrico mayor de 75 años, con pluripatología y atendido en la Unidad de Medicina Interna del Hospital Virgen de la Concha. Analizar los resultados de la valoración funcional a través de la escala Barthel. Identificar la situación social a través de la escala Gijón. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en la unidad de hospitalización de medicina interna a lo largo de un año. Análisis descriptivo de variables: demográficas (edad, sexo); capacidad funcional y la valoración social. Los datos obtenidos del aplicativo informático Gacela Care. Resultados: Se realizaron 1285 ingresos, con una media de edad de 78 años. Se obtuvo una muestra de 915 pacientes ≥75años, con una media de edad de 85,9±5,4años (75-101), moda 89 y mediana 86 años. El 43,5% son ≥85años. 53,11% mujeres y 46,88% hombres. Estancia media de hospitalización 7,4±5,2días (0-66). Valoración de dependencia: 38,57% con dependencia total (62,32% mujeres);9,61% dependencia grave (54,54% mujeres); 15,19% dependencia moderada (54,67% mujeres); 26,22% dependencia leve (47,08% mujeres); 10,38% independientes (30,56% mujeres). Situación social: 28,80%sin riesgo (64,63%mujeres); 60,30%situación social buena (47,37%mujeres); 6,2% situación social media (56,60%mujeres); y el 4,68% deterioro social severo (52,5% mujeres) Conclusiones: El perfil de los pacientes estudiados se aproxima al de “paciente geriátrico”. El mayor porcentaje presenta un nivel de dependencia total, provocando mayor demanda de cuidados y de recursos. Existen pocos pacientes con deterioro social severo. Hay un mayor número de pacientes  dependientes totales sin institucionalizar. Por lo que la carga de cuidados de estos pacientes la realizan familiares desde el domicilio, justificando la importancia de la valoración de los cuidadores y evaluación de los recursos referidos a la sobrecarga de familias y cuidador principal

Determination of optimal areas for the establishment of buffalo herds and German grass in Tabasco, Mexico

Objective: To determine optimal (suitable) areas for the establishment of fattening buffalo herds (Bubalus bubalis) and german grass (Echinochloa polystachya Kunth Hitchc) based on biophysical environmental conditions that favor the comfort state of the animal species and the better development of the plant species. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology consisted of an analysis of the bioclimatic parameters for water buffalo and agroclimatic parameters for german grass in the state from Tabasco. A comparative table of the optimal biophysical variables of the water buffalo and the german grass was elaborated with respect to the digital geographic base of soils and the climatological normals registered in the state from Tabasco. Edaphoclimatic maps were elaborated for the establishment of buffalo herds associated with german grass from a cartographic crossing. Results: Obtaining the edaphoclimatic aptitude map of both species at a scale of 1:135,000. Limitations of the study/implications: In the state of Tabasco, there is a lack of basic information on the soil and climatic conditions suitable for water buffalo, since its exploitation is recent. Findings/conclusions: The areas for the establishment of buffalo herds and German grass were identified. 4.29% of the state of Tabasco has suitable potential, followed by 56.67% classified as moderately suitable, while 38.48% were classified as unsuitableObjective: To determine optimal (suitable) areas for the establishment of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) herds fattened with German grass (Echinochloa polystachya Kunth Hitchc), based on the biophysical environmental conditions that favor the comfort of the animal species and the best development of the plant species.Design/Methodology/Approach: An analysis of the bioclimatic parameters for water buffalo and the agroclimatic parameters for German grass was carried out in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. A comparative table of the optimal biophysical variables of water buffalo and German grass was developed from the digital soil geographic databases and the climatological normals recorded in the state of Tabasco. Edaphoclimatic maps were developed to establish buffalo herds associated with German grass, based on a cartographic cross-checking.Results: The soil-climatic aptitude map of both species was developed at a scale of 1:135,000.Study Limitations/Implications: Given its recent introduction, there is a lack of basic information on the edaphoclimatic conditions suitable for water buffalo in the state of Tabasco.Findings/Conclusions: The areas for the establishment of buffalo herds and German grass were identified. Regarding their potentiality, 4.29% of the state of Tabasco is suitable, 56.67% was classified as moderately suitable, and 38.48% is not suitable

Pelvimetry by Reformatted Computed Tomography in 290 Female Pelvis: Morphometric Variations Regarding Age

The Mexican government passed a new reform of article 11 of the General Law in 2014 regarding Women's Access to a Life Free of Violence, which states that a cesarean section may not be performed if a vaginal birth is viable. Cesarean sections are excessively indicated in Northen Mexico, using the diagnosis of cephalopelvic disproportion due to a narrow pelvis. Currently, there is no standardized morphometry of the female pelvis in a Mexican population to establish adequate diagnostic parameter. Our study measures the pelvic diameters of the birth canal using abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT). Two hundred and ninety CT from Mexican women between the ages of 18 and 50 were collected and 3D reformatted in order to morphologically measure the pelvic diameters of clinical relevance. Measurements were conducted by two diagnostic imaging specialists. The mean and standard deviation of the measured diameters were: anatomical conjugate diameter (ACD) 11.65±0.99 cm, the obstetric conjugate diameter (OCD) 11.73±0.98 cm, diagonal conjugate diameter (DCD) 12.49±0.98 cm and Interspinous distance (ISD) 10.41±0.78 cm. Significant differences were found in all four mean diameters in between the 20–29 age groups versus the >40, as well as between the 30–39 groups versus the >40. Our study shows that as Mexican women get older, the mean pelvic diameters become narrower

Advances in Pathway Engineering for Natural Product Biosynthesis

Biocatalysts provide an efficient, inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional organic synthesis, especially for compounds with complex stereochemistries. The past decade has seen a significant rise in the use of biocatalysts for the synthesis of compounds in an industrial setting; however, the incorporation of single enzymatically catalysed steps into organic synthesis schemes can be problematic. The emerging field of synthetic biology has sparked interest in the development of whole-cell factories that can convert simple, common metabolites into complex, high-value molecules with a range of applications such as pharmaceuticals and biofuels. This Review summarises conventional methods and recent advances in metabolic engineering of pathways in microorganisms for the synthesis of natural products

Especies de moluscos no-nativos de América del Sur

Una de las mayores amenazas para la biodiversidad es la introducción de especies no-nativas. Algunas de estas desarrollan un comportamiento invasivo, causando graves daños en los ecosistemas receptores. En América del Sur, los moluscos nonativos e invasores fueron uno de los focos de discusión en el 1CAM (1er. Congreso Argentino de Malacología, 2013). Ese encuentro permitió resaltar que la información sobre las especies no-nativas en la región era escasa, dispersa, incompleta y críptica. En el año 2016 se inició el relevamiento de especies de moluscos no-nativas e invasoras de América del Sur, a fin de generar el conocimiento base para futuros estudios, el cual considera solo las especies introducidas desde otros continentes y aquellas criptogénicas (no se conoce con certeza su origen).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli

Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli has become a worrying issue that is increasingly observed in human but also in veterinary medicine worldwide. E. coli is intrinsically susceptible to almost all clinically relevant antimicrobial agents, but this bacterial species has a great capacity to accumulate resistance genes, mostly through horizontal gene transfer. The most problematic mechanisms in E. coli correspond to the acquisition of genes coding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins), carbapenemases (conferring resistance to carbapenems), 16S rRNA methylases (conferring pan-resistance to aminoglycosides), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (conferring resistance to [fluoro]quinolones), and mcr genes (conferring resistance to polymyxins). Although the spread of carbapenemase genes has been mainly recognized in the human sector but poorly recognized in animals, colistin resistance in E. coli seems rather to be related to the use of colistin in veterinary medicine on a global scale. For the other resistance traits, their cross-transfer between the human and animal sectors still remains controversial even though genomic investigations indicate that extended- spectrum β-lactamase producers encountered in animals are distinct from those affecting humans. In addition, E. coli of animal origin often also show resistances to other—mostly older—antimicrobial agents, including tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fosfomycin. Plasmids, especially multiresistance plasmids, but also other mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and gene cassettes in class 1 and class 2 integrons, seem to play a major role in the dissemination of resistance genes. Of note, coselection and persistence of resistances to critically important antimicrobial agents in human medicine also occurs through the massive use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine, such as tetracyclines or sulfonamides, as long as all those determinants are located on the same genetic elements