Análisis de la expresión diferencial del proteoma de Rhiz opus oryzae ENHE bajo condiciones de estrés en presencia y ausencia de pentaclorofenol

En este trabajo se utilizó al zigomiceto, Rhizopus oryzae, que fue aislado de un aserradero en Puebla a partir de suelo contaminado con pentaclorofenol (PCF), un xenobiótico de alta persistencia y toxicidad que se encuentra en el medio ambiente. Se ha demostrado que este hongo produce enzimas especializadas, involucradas en la degradación de tóxicos provenientes de efluentes industriales, entre ellos el PCF. En el presente trabajo se realizó un análisis de expresión diferencial de las proteínas intracelulares de R. oryzae , al crecer al hongo en presencia y ausencia de PCF con la finalidad de identificar las proteínas que se estén expresando en presencia del PCF y tratar de relacionarlas con los metabolitos encontrados producto de su degradación. Mediante la utilización de la técnica de electroforesis bidimensional para la separación de las proteínas, se obtuvo el perfil proteómico de ambas condiciones analizadas. Se realizó el análisis de los perfiles obtenidos con el software PDQuest y se escindieron los spots que se expresaron solo cuando era adicionado PC F al medio de cultivo y algunos que se dejaban de expresar después de ser adicionado el contaminante, posteriormente se mandaron a analizar con la técnica de espectrometría de masas MS/MS para su secuenciación y posterior identificación de las proteínas. De las proteínas que se identificaron correspondientes a aquellos spots que solo se expresaron cuando se adicionaba el PCF al medio de cultivo, se encontró que la mayoría estaba relacionada con la respuesta al estrés que provoca el contaminante en el microorganismo, además de algunas enzimas con actividad oxidorreductasa que posiblemente podrían estar relacionadas con la formación de un metabolito producto de degradación del PCF, el pentacloroanisol que ya ha sido identificado con anterioridad. Se demostró por qué el hongo deja de crecer al momento de adicionar el PCF al medio de cultivo, ya que los spots que se dejan de expresar al momento de adicionar el contaminante corresponden a proteínas involucradas en el metabolismo energético del hongo. Cabe reiterar que se encontraron más de una proteína por spot, por lo que es recomendable realizar en estudios posteriores geles de 13 centímetros con la finalidad de obtener una identificación de las proteínas con una mayor precisión.We study Rhizopus oryzae ENHE, a zigomycete isolated of a sawmill industry of Puebla in which floors are contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP), one of xenobiotics with main persistence and toxicity present in environment. This fungus produce enzymes involves in the degradation of xenobiotic toxics derived from waster water industry like PCP. In this work, we analyze the differential expression of intracellular proteins from R. oryzae ENHE, which was cultivated in the absence and presence of PCP. The aim of analysis was to identify the expression of proteins associated to the presence of PCP and related them with the generated metabolites resulting from the xenobiotic degradation. The proteomic profile of both conditions was performed with 2D -electrophoresis assays. The profiles were analyzed by PDQuest software and the identified spots expressed only under the presence of PCF were cleaved. We also isolated several spots that were s uppressed in the presence of the pollutant. The identification of these proteins was achieved by mass spectrometry sequencing. It was found that the expressed proteins with PCP are related to stress response induced by the pollutant over the microorganis m. We also identify some oxidoreductases enzymes probably related with the metabolites generation of PCP degradation. Moreover, the suppressed proteins in the presence of PCP correspond to enzymes involved in the energetic metabolism of fungus; strongly su ggesting that their lost probably induce to this organism turns to the lag phase. For the relevance to comment is that we found more than a protein to each one spot, therefore, it is recommended for later studies the employ of 13 cm gels in order to separate the proteins in 2D -electrophoresis with better resolution

Construcción política de Nayib Bukele en Twitter en el contexto del COVID-19

This article aims to analyze the use of Twitter as a communication channel by the president of El Salvador,Nayib Bukele (@nayibbukele), an outsider, who is also considered the ‘millennial’ president of that nation and who strongly employs this digital platform for the dissemination of its government policies. The present analysis is landed and justified in the context of COVID-19, characterized by the taking of restrictive confinement measures at the regional and local level, with a strong struggle between the executive and the Salvadoran legislative apparatus, as well as the impact of the virus on all corners of the globe. As a temporality, the April- June quarter of 2020 is taken, for a total corpus of 766 messages. Through content analysis, the role of the political actor in a health crisis, the presence of struggles with the political class, the construction of the category of people applied to the Central American nationality, the polarization present in their agenda and others are analyzed. Elements of interest within the construction of the ‘us-them’ dichotomy in a digital environment. As the main finding, it is obtained that Bukele is framed within two characterizations; the first coupled with confronting political and social actors (mainly the legislative apparatus), an environment strongly marked by polarization; and the second, where he connects with citizens through charisma and the use of a close and positive language, in which cases polarization becomes an absent element and integration is called for.Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el uso de Twitter como canal de comunicación por parte delpresidente de El Salvador, Nayib Bukele (@nayibbukele), outsider, a su vez considerado el presidente‘millennial’ de dicha nación y quien emplea fuertemente esta plataforma digital para la difusión de suspolíticas de gobierno. El presente análisis se fundamenta y justifica en el contexto del COVID-19, caracterizado por la toma de medidas restrictivas de confinamiento a nivel regional y local, con una fuertepugna entre el ejecutivo y el aparato legislativo salvadoreño, así como la afectación del virus a todos losrincones del planeta. Como temporalidad se toma el trimestre abril-junio de 2020, para un corpus totalde 766 mensajes. Por medio del análisis de contenido se analiza el rol del actor político en una crisissanitaria, la presencia de pugnas con la clase política, la construcción de la categoría de pueblo de formaaplicada a la nacionalidad centroamericana, la polarización presente en su agenda y otros elementos deinterés dentro en la construcción de la dicotomía ‘nosotros-ellos’ en un entorno digital. El principal hallazgoes que Bukele se enmarca dentro de dos caracterizaciones; la primera aunada a confrontar actorespolíticos y sociales (principalmente el aparato legislativo), entorno fuertemente marcado por la polarización;y la segunda, donde conecta con la ciudadanía a través del carisma y del uso de un lenguaje cercanoy positivo, en cuyos casos la polarización se torna un elemento ausente y se apela a la integración

Construcción política de Nayib Bukele en Twitter en el contexto del COVID-19

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el uso de Twitter como canal de comunicación por parte del presidente de El Salvador, Nayib Bukele (@nayibbukele), outsider, a su vez considerado el presidente ‘millennial’ de dicha nación y quien emplea fuertemente esta plataforma digital para la difusión de sus políticas de gobierno. El presente análisis se fundamenta y justifica en el contexto del COVID-19, caracterizado por la toma de medidas restrictivas de confinamiento a nivel regional y local, con una fuerte pugna entre el ejecutivo y el aparato legislativo salvadoreño, así como la afectación del virus a todos los rincones del planeta. Como temporalidad se toma el trimestre abril-junio de 2020, para un corpus total de 766 mensajes. Por medio del análisis de contenido se analiza el rol del actor político en una crisis sanitaria, la presencia de pugnas con la clase política, la construcción de la categoría de pueblo de forma aplicada a la nacionalidad centroamericana, la polarización presente en su agenda y otros elementos de interés dentro en la construcción de la dicotomía ‘nosotros-ellos’ en un entorno digital. El principal hallazgo es que Bukele se enmarca dentro de dos caracterizaciones; la primera aunada a confrontar actores políticos y sociales (principalmente el aparato legislativo), entorno fuertemente marcado por la polarización; y la segunda, donde conecta con la ciudadanía a través del carisma y del uso de un lenguaje cercano y positivo, en cuyos casos la polarización se torna un elemento ausente y se apela a la integración.//This article aims to analyze the use of Twitter as a communication channel by the president of El Salvador, Nayib Bukele (@nayibbukele), an outsider, who is also considered the ‘millennial’ president of that nation and who strongly employs this digital platform for the dissemination of its government policies. The present analysis is landed and justified in the context of COVID-19, characterized by the taking of restrictive confinement measures at the regional and local level, with a strong struggle between the executive and the Salvadoran legislative apparatus, as well as the impact of the virus on all corners of the globe. As a temporality, the April- June quarter of 2020 is taken, for a total corpus of 766 messages. Through content analysis, the role of the political actor in a health crisis, the presence of struggles with the political class, the construction of the category of people applied to the Central American nationality, the polarization present in their agenda and others are analyzed. Elements of interest within the construction of the ‘us-them’ dichotomy in a digital environment. As the main finding, it is obtained that Bukele is framed within two characterizations; the first coupled with confronting political and social actors (mainly the legislative apparatus), an environment strongly marked by polarization; and the second, where he connects with citizens through charisma and the use of a close and positive language, in which cases polarization becomes an absent element and integration is called for

Descriptive analysis of wine tourism in Querétaro and Baja California, Mexico

Objective: To present the characteristics of wine tourism that takes place in the states of Querétaro and Baja California, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: descriptive analysis through primary information sources where 228 questionnaires were applied to those who carried out wine tourism in the states of Querétaro and Baja California or who in the last three years had carried out this activity in Mexico. Results: the respondents reflect interest in the knowledge, production and culture of wine. In addition, they state that the wine routes in the study areas give them satisfaction in the price-quality ratio, wine tastings and gastronomy and that these are key to the development of viticulture in Mexico. Study limitations/implications: people feel that they do not have enough knowledge about wine tourism, limiting their participation when answering the questionnaire. However, this work is a first approximation to carry out a study that relates wine tourism and the competitiveness of the wine industry in Mexico, for which the answers are timely. Findings/conclusions: Mexican wine is considered to have the potential to compete with foreign wines in factors such as quality, flavor and price. In addition, there is a preference for the consumption of Mexican wines, especially red, rose and white. Therefore, the production of wine from states such as Chihuahua, Sonora, Coahuila and Durango, which have a large territorial extension, should be taken advantage of, and more commercial wine routes should be created that help promote this industry at the national level to improve society through greater supply, job creation and reduction of imports.Objective: To present the characteristics of wine tourism that takes place in the states of Querétaro and Baja California, Mexico.Design/methodology/approach: Descriptive analysis through primary sources of information where 228 questionnaires were applied to those who carried out wine tourism in the states of Querétaro and Baja California, or who in the last three years have carried out this activity in Mexico.Results: The survey respondents reflect interest in the knowledge, production and culture of wine. In addition, they state that the wine routes in the study areas give them satisfaction in the price-quality ratio, wine tastings and gastronomy and that these are key to the development of viticulture in Mexico.Limitations on study/implications: People feel that they do not have enough knowledge about wine tourism, which limited their participation when answering the questionnaire. However, this work is a firstapproximation to carry out a study that relates wine tourism and thecompetitiveness of the wine industry in Mexico, for which the answers are timely.Findings/conclusions: Mexican wine is considered to have the potential¿ to compete with foreign wines in factors such as quality, flavor and price. In addition, there is a preference for the consumption of Mexican wines, especially red, rose and white. Therefore, the wine production from states such as Chihuahua, Sonora, Coahuila and Durango, which have a large territorial extension, should be taken advantage of, and more commercial wine routes should be created to help promote this industry at the national level to improve society through greater offer, job creation and reduction of imports

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia. Departamentos de Antioquia (Angelópolis y Medellín) Chocó y Quindío.

El desarrollo del Diplomado de profundización y acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia genera habilidades para abordar los diferentes fenómenos de tensión que existen en el contexto geopolítico, social y cultural de Colombia. Alrededor del tema, se resalta la importancia de la intervención psicosocial desde un enfoque narrativo, que busca educar y forjar nuevas formas de abordaje, encaminadas a educar desde la empatía a aquellos actores que se ven evocados a trabajar con comunidades vulnerables, que han sido afectadas por diferentes contextos de violencia. La firma de los acuerdos paz, pretendía la reducción y eliminación de la violencia, se asumió que con esta alianza, comenzaría un periodo de postconflicto, pero la realidad fue otra porque después de las concertaciones, surgieron nuevos grupos ilegales, fortalecidos, reorganizados y ubicados en las antiguas zonas de las FARC. Este trabajo analiza el caso de Modesto Pacayá. Una historia de resiliencia ante la autoridad opresora, donde el protagonista, tras huir y lograr desmovilizarse, logra estudiar, emprender un proyecto productivo y recuperar la unión familiar que alguna vez había perdió. Con el caso anterior se plantearon preguntas de tipo circular, reflexivo y estratégico, como herramienta de análisis para realizar una intervención psicosocial en caso tal de asumir el rol de un psicólogo comunitario. Adicionalmente se aborda el caso de Peñas Coloradas, el cual sustenta diversas estrategias de acompañamiento a comunidades vulnerables, que son y siguen estando afectadas por el contexto de violencia del territorio de Colombia.The development of the Diploma of deepening and psychosocial accompaniment in scenarios of violence generates skills to address the different phenomena of tension that exist in the geopolitical, social, and cultural context of Colombia. Around the theme, the importance of psychosocial intervention is highlighted from a narrative approach, which seeks to educate and forge new forms of approach, aimed at educating from empathy those actors who are evoked to work with vulnerable communities, which have been affected by different contexts of violence. The signing of the peace agreements intended to reduce and eliminate violence, it was assumed that with this alliance, a post-conflict period would begin, but the reality was different because after the agreements, new illegal groups emerged, strengthened, reorganized, and located in former FARC areas. This paper analyzes the case of Modesto Pacayá. A story of resilience against the oppressive authority, where the protagonist, after fleeing and managing to demobilize, manages to study, undertake a productive project, and recover the family union that he had once lost. With the previous case, questions of a circular, reflective and strategic type were raised, as an analysis tool to carry out a psychosocial intervention in the event of assuming the role of a community psychologist. Additionally, the case of Peñas Coloradas is addressed, which supports various accompaniment strategies for vulnerable communities, which are and continue to be affected by the context of violence in the Colombian territory

Epidemiological trends of HIV/HCV coinfection in Spain, 2015-2019

Altres ajuts: Spanish AIDS Research Network; European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER).Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and active HCV infection (HCV-RNA-positive) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Spain in 2019 and compared the results with those of four similar studies performed during 2015-2018. Methods: The study was performed in 41 centres. Sample size was estimated for an accuracy of 1%. Patients were selected by random sampling with proportional allocation. Results: The reference population comprised 41 973 PLWH, and the sample size was 1325. HCV serostatus was known in 1316 PLWH (99.3%), of whom 376 (28.6%) were HCV antibody (Ab)-positive (78.7% were prior injection drug users); 29 were HCV-RNA-positive (2.2%). Of the 29 HCV-RNA-positive PLWH, infection was chronic in 24, it was acute/recent in one, and it was of unknown duration in four. Cirrhosis was present in 71 (5.4%) PLWH overall, three (10.3%) HCV-RNA-positive patients and 68 (23.4%) of those who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy (p = 0.04). The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies decreased steadily from 37.7% in 2015 to 28.6% in 2019 (p < 0.001); the prevalence of active HCV infection decreased from 22.1% in 2015 to 2.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Uptake of anti-HCV treatment increased from 53.9% in 2015 to 95.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Spain, the prevalence of active HCV infection among PLWH at the end of 2019 was 2.2%, i.e. 90.0% lower than in 2015. Increased exposure to DAAs was probably the main reason for this sharp reduction. Despite the high coverage of treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV-related cirrhosis remains significant in this population

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase&nbsp;1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation&nbsp;disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age&nbsp; 6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score&nbsp; 652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc&nbsp;= 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N&nbsp;= 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in&nbsp;Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in&nbsp;Asia&nbsp;and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements