Translating the Charitable Affectation in Private Law

Traduire sans trahir, voilà la difficulté du traducteur comme celle du comparatiste. Comment garantir que les notions, une fois passées au filtre juridique, ne subissent pas une certaine altération, et ne perdent par là un peu d’elles-mêmes? Cet article s’intéresse donc à un genre particulier de traduction où des concepts universels se voient convertis en notions juridiques. Dans le cas précis de la philanthropie, la traduction se révèle moins aisée en droit civil qu’en common law au point de s’interroger de la capacité de ce premier à accueillir les mécanismes philanthropiques. Il en ressort alors que les traditions juridiques n’ont pas la même capacité à accueillir certaines notions et rendre au mieux les éléments qui les caractérisent

Les lieux du droit et les objets culturels

Dans le texte qui suit, l’auteure expose, à travers le prisme du critère du lieu dans lequel se trouve l’objet culturel, la variabilité de son régime juridique et, le cas échéant, elle en souligne les carences et les faiblesses. En effet, aborder l’objet culturel par le lieu permet de mettre en exergue une gradation de la protection que le droit québécois peut offrir. Surtout, il devient possible d’établir la manière dont la technique d’affectation constitue un moyen grâce auquel le niveau de protection de l’objet culturel est augmenté, et par là un moyen pour le sortir des aléas juridiques qui découlent du lieu dans lequel il se trouve. Ce faisant, trois types de lieux sont ainsi explorés – le musée comme lieu protecteur par excellence, le site archéologique comme non-lieu normatif et le mur support de graffiti comme lieu de conflit normatif – au gré de différentes modalités d’affectation telles que les charges grevant la libéralité, le classement des biens ou encore l’obligation propter rem.Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the law governing cultural objects varies according to their location and, where applicable, to highlight the shortcomings and weaknesses of that regime. A view of cultural objects through the lens of their location identifies different levels of protection afforded under Quebec’s law. This approach also illustrates how the modalities of the transfer of cultural goods are used to increase the level of protection they receive and to mitigate against some of the vagaries of their location. Thus, three types of places are examined here–museums as protective spaces par excellence, archaeological sites as a normative vacuum, and graffiti walls as a place of normative conflict–in light of the different circumstances of the assignment, such as charges payable on gifts, the classification of cultural property, and the obligation propter rem.Resumen : En el siguiente texto, la autora expone, a través del prisma del criterio del lugar en el que se encuentra el objeto cultural, la variabilidad de su régimen jurídico y, en cada caso, destaca sus carencias y debilidades. En efecto, abordar el bien cultural por el lugar permite resaltar una gradación de la protección que el derecho quebequense puede ofrecer. Sobre todo, se hace posible establecer la manera en que los actos de disposición de la destinación o finalidad de un bien, affectation, constituyen un medio gracias al cual se eleva el nivel de protección del bien cultural y, por tanto, un medio para sustraerlo a las incertidumbres jurídicas que se derivan del lugar en el que se encuentra. Al hacerlo, se exploran así tres tipos de lugares – el museo como lugar protector por excelencia, el yacimiento arqueológico como no-lugar normativo y el muro de grafitis como lugar de conflicto normativo – según diferentes modalidades, tales como el gravamen a la liberalidad, la clasificación de los bienes y la obligación propter rem

Effects of discontinuing or continuing ongoing statin therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective cohort study

International audienceABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Recent publications suggest potential benefits from statins as a preventive or adjuvant therapy in sepsis. Whether ongoing statin therapy should be continued or discontinued in patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) for sepsis is open to question. METHODS: We retrospectively compared patients with severe sepsis and septic shock in whom statin therapy had been discontinued or continued. The primary endpoint was the number of organ failure-free days at day 14. Secondary end-points included hospital mortality and safety. The association of statin continuation with outcome was evaluated for crude analysis and after propensity score matching and adjustment. We also measured plasma atorvastatin concentrations in a separate set of ICU septic patients continuing the drug. RESULTS: Patients in whom statin therapy had been continued in the ICU (n = 44) had significantly more organ failure-free days (11 67891011121314 vs. 6 [0-12], mean difference of 2.34, 95%CI from 0.47 to 5.21, P = 0.03) as compared to others (n = 32). However, there were important imbalances between groups, with more hospital-acquired infections, more need for surgery before ICU admission, and a trend towards more septic shock at ICU admission in the discontinuation group. The significant association of statin continuation with organ failure free days found in the crude analysis did not persist after propensity-matching or multivariable adjustment: beta coefficients [95% CI] of 2.37 [-0.96 to 5.70] (P = 0.20) and 2.24 [-0.43 to 4.91] (P = 0.11) respectively. We found particularly high pre-dose and post-dose atorvastatin concentrations in ICU septic patients continuing the drug. CONCLUSIONS: Continuing statin therapy in ICU septic patients was not associated with reduction in the severity of organ failure after matching and adjustment. In addition, the very high plasma concentrations achieved during continuation of statin treatment advocates some caution

Integrated analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating bortezomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone or bortezomib + thalidomide + dexamethasone induction in transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

ObjectiveProviding the most efficacious frontline treatment for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) is critical for patient outcomes. No direct comparisons have been made between bortezomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone (VRD) and bortezomib + thalidomide + dexamethasone (VTD) induction regimens in transplant-eligible NDMM.MethodsAn integrated analysis was performed using patient data from four trials meeting prespecified eligibility criteria: two using VRD (PETHEMA GEM2012 and IFM 2009) and two using VTD (PETHEMA GEM2005 and IFM 2013-04).ResultsThe primary endpoint was met, with VRD demonstrating a noninferior rate of at least very good partial response (>= VGPR) after induction vs VTD. GEM comparison demonstrated improvement in the >= VGPR rate after induction for VRD vs VTD (66.3% vs 51.2%; P = .00281) that increased after transplant (74.4% vs 53.5%). Undetectable minimal residual disease rates post induction (46.7% vs 34.9%) and post transplant (62.4% vs 47.3%) support the benefit of VRD vs VTD. Treatment-emergent adverse events leading to study and/or treatment discontinuation were less frequent with VRD (3%, GEM2012; 6%, IFM 2009) vs VTD (11%, IFM 2013-04).ConclusionThese results supported the benefit of VRD over VTD for induction in transplant-eligible patients with NDMM. The trials included are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01916252, NCT01191060, NCT00461747, and NCT01971658)

Efficacy of the Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in the treatment of vasculopathy associated with TMEM173-activating mutations in 3 children

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JAK inhibition in Aicardi-Goutières syndrome: a monocentric multidisciplinary real-world approach study

International audienceThe paradigm type I interferonopathy Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is most typically characterized by severe neurological involvement. AGS is considered an immune-mediated disease, poorly responsive to conventional immunosuppression. Premised on a chronic enhancement of type I interferon signaling, JAK1/2 inhibition has been trialed in AGS, with clear improvements in cutaneous and systemic disease manifestations. Contrastingly, treatment efficacy at the level of the neurological system has been less conclusive. Here, we report our real-word approach study of JAK1/2 inhibition in 11 patients with AGS, providing extensive assessments of clinical and radiological status; interferon signaling, including in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); and drug concentrations in blood and CSF. Over a median follow-up of 17 months, we observed a clear benefit of JAK1/2 inhibition on certain systemic features of AGS, and reproduced results reported using the AGS neurologic severity scale. In contrast, there was no change in other scales assessing neurological status; using the caregiver scale, only patient comfort, but no other domain of everyday-life care, was improved. Serious bacterial infections occurred in 4 out of the 11 patients. Overall, our data lead us to conclude that other approaches to treatment are urgently required for the neurologic features of AGS. We suggest that earlier diagnosis and adequate central nervous system penetration likely remain the major factors determining the efficacy of therapy in preventing irreversible brain damage, implying the importance of early and rapid genetic testing and the consideration of intrathecal drug delivery

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Introduction to Surface Avatar: the First Heterogeneous Robotic Team to be Commanded with Scalable Autonomy from the ISS

Robotics is vital to the continued development toward Lunar and Martian exploration, in-situ resource utilization, and surface infrastructure construction. Large-scale extra-terrestrial missions will require teams of robots with different, complementary capabilities, together with a powerful, intuitive user interface for effective commanding. We introduce Surface Avatar, the newest ISS-to-Earth telerobotic experiment series, to be conducted in 2022-2024. Spearheaded by DLR, together with ESA, Surface Avatar builds on expertise on commanding robots with different levels of autonomy from our past telerobotic experiments: Kontur-2, Haptics, Interact, SUPVIS Justin, and Analog-1. A team of four heterogeneous robots in a multi-site analog environment at DLR are at the command of a crew member on the ISS. The team has a humanoid robot for dexterous object handling, construction and maintenance; a rover for long traverses and sample acquisition; a quadrupedal robot for scouting and exploring difficult terrains; and a lander with robotic arm for component delivery and sample stowage. The crew's command terminal is multimodal, with an intuitive graphical user interface, 3-DOF joystick, and 7-DOF input device with force-feedback. The autonomy of any robot can be scaled up and down depending on the task and the astronaut's preference: acting as an avatar of the crew in haptically-coupled telepresence, or receiving task-level commands like an intelligent co-worker. Through crew performing collaborative tasks in exploration and construction scenarios, we hope to gain insight into how to optimally command robots in a future space mission. This paper presents findings from the first preliminary session in June 2022, and discusses the way forward in the planned experiment sessions

The role and uses of antibodies in COVID-19 infections: a living review

Coronavirus disease 2019 has generated a rapidly evolving field of research, with the global scientific community striving for solutions to the current pandemic. Characterizing humoral responses towards SARS-CoV-2, as well as closely related strains, will help determine whether antibodies are central to infection control, and aid the design of therapeutics and vaccine candidates. This review outlines the major aspects of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody research to date, with a focus on the various prophylactic and therapeutic uses of antibodies to alleviate disease in addition to the potential of cross-reactive therapies and the implications of long-term immunity