Patterns of sedentary behavior in overweight and moderately obese users of the Catalan primary-health care system

Background and objectives Prolonged sitting time (ST) has negative consequences on health. Changing this behavior is paramount in overweight/obese individuals because they are more sedentary than those with normal weight. The aim of the study was to establish the pattern of sedentary behavior and its relationship to health, socio-demographics, occupation, and education level in Catalan overweight/obese individuals. Methods A descriptive study was performed at 25 healthcare centers in Catalonia (Spain) with 464 overweight/moderately obese patients, aged25 to 65 years. Exclusion criteria were chronic diseases which contraindicated physical activity and language barriers. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data on age, gender, educational level, social class, and marital status. Main outcome was ‘sitting time’ (collected by the Marshall questionnaire); chronic diseases and anthropometric measurements were registered. Results 464 patients, 58.4% women, mean age 51.9 years (SD 10.1), 76.1% married, 60% manual workers, and 48.7% had finished secondary education. Daily sitting time was 6.2 hours on working days (374 minutes/day, SD: 190), and about 6 hours on non-working ones (357 minutes/day, SD: 170). 50% of participants were sedentary 6 hours. The most frequent sedentary activities were: working/academic activities around 2 hours (128 minutes, SD: 183), followed by watching television, computer use, and commuting. Men sat longer than women (64 minutes more on working days and 54 minutes on non-working days), and individuals with office jobs (91 minutes), those with higher levels of education (42 minutes), and younger subjects (25 to 35 years) spent more time sitting. Conclusions In our study performed in overweight/moderately obese patients the mean sitting time was around 6 hours which was mainly spent doing work/academic activities and watching television. Men, office workers, individuals with higher education, and younger subjects had longer sitting time. Our results may help design interventions targeted at these sedentary patients to decrease sitting time.

The ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report 2018 : a summary

Background. The European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry collects data on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) via national and regional renal registries in Europe and countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This article summarizes the 2018 ERA-EDTA Registry Annual Report, and describes the epidemiology of KRT for kidney failure in 34 countries. Methods. Individual patient data on patients undergoing KRT in 2018 were provided by 34 national or regional renal registries and aggregated data by 17 registries. The incidence and prevalence of KRT, the kidney transplantation activity and the survival probabilities of these patients were calculated. Results. In 2018, the ERA-EDTA Registry covered a general population of 636 million people. Overall, the incidence of KRT for kidney failure was 129 per million population (p.m.p.), 62% of patients were men, 51% were >= 65years of age and 20% had diabetes mellitus as cause of kidney failure. Treatment modality at the onset of KRT was haemodialysis (HD) for 84%, peritoneal dialysis (PD) for 11% and pre-emptive kidney transplantation for 5% of patients. On 31 December 2018, the prevalence of KRT was 897 p.m.p., with 57% of patients on HD, 5% on PD and 38% living with a kidney transplant. The transplant rate in 2018 was 35 p.m.p.: 68% received a kidney from a deceased donor, 30% from a living donor and for 2% the donor source was unknown. For patients commencing dialysis during 2009-13, the unadjusted 5-year survival probability was 42.6%. For patients receiving a kidney transplant within this period, the unadjusted 5-year survival probability was 86.6% for recipients of deceased donor grafts and 93.9% for recipients of living donor grafts.Peer reviewe

Prolonged Sitting Time: Barriers, Facilitators and Views on Change among Primary Healthcare Patients Who Are Overweight or Moderately Obese

Background and Objectives Prolonged sitting time has negative consequences on health, although the population is not well aware of these harmful effects. We explored opinions expressed by primary care patients diagnosed as overweight or moderately obese concerning their time spent sitting, willingness to change, and barriers, facilitators, goals and expectations related to limiting this behaviour. Methods A descriptive-interpretive qualitative study was carried out at three healthcare centres in Barcelona, Spain, and included 23 patients with overweight or moderate obesity, aged 25 to 65 years, who reported sitting for at least 6 hours a day. Exclusion criteria were inability to sit down or stand up from a chair without help and language barriers that precluded interview participation. Ten in-depth, semi-structured interviews (5 group, 5 individual) were audio recorded from January to July 2012 and transcribed. The interview script included questions about time spent sitting, willingness to change, barriers and facilitators, and the prospect of assistance from primary healthcare professionals. An analysis of thematic content was made using ATLAS.Ti and triangulation of analysts. Results The most frequent sedentary activities were computer use, watching television, and motorized journeys. There was a lack of awareness of the amount of time spent sitting and its negative consequences on health. Barriers to reducing sedentary time included work and family routines, lack of time and willpower, age and sociocultural limitations. Facilitators identified were sociocultural change, free time and active work, and family surroundings. Participants recognized the abilities of health professionals to provide help and advice, and reported a preference for patient-centred or group interventions. Conclusions Findings from this study have implications for reducing sedentary behaviour. Patient insights were used to design an intervention to reduce sitting time within the frame of the SEDESTACTIV clinical trial

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Asymmetry in the access to the electoral information for the decision-making in the deaf community in Bogota : minimum elements to contribute to the right to vote informed

La toma de decisiones electorales está permeada por las creencias y valores de cada persona, así como también por la información que se recibe sobre los candidatos y sus propuestas. Para el caso de las minorías lingüísticas, esta toma de decisiones se ve afectada por la falta de información en su primera lengua que permita garantizar el derecho a votar informados. Este es el caso de la población sorda de Bogotá, debido a que la información electoral se encuentra en español, siendo esta la segunda lengua de esta población, y en medios auditivos. En este sentido, se formuló la siguiente pregunta ¿Qué elementos mínimos debe contener una propuesta que aporte en la reducción de la asimetría en el acceso a la información electoral para la toma de decisiones de la comunidad Sorda de Bogotá DC? que se respondió a partir de una investigación aplicada de tipo práctica basada en diagnóstico llegando a la conclusión que la propuesta debe ser una herramienta TIC, que contenga, principalmente, la información en español y Lengua de Señas Colombiana, con contenido educativo e información electoral. Con esta propuesta se lograría aportar en la disminución de la asimetría existente en el acceso a la información para la toma de decisiones electorales de la comunidad sorda de la ciudad de Bogotá.Comunidad Sorda de BogotáThe electoral decision-making is permeated by the beliefs and values of each person. Also, with all the information given by each candidate and their own proposals. In the specific case of the linguistic minorities, this decision making is influenced by the lack of information in their main language which allows guaranteeing their right to vote informed. This is the case of deaf people in Bogotá, due that electoral information is in Spanish language, which is their second language, and in audible tools. In order of that is formulated the following question: What are the minimum elements that should a proposal contains to contribute in the reduce of the asymmetry in the electoral information access to the Bogota´s deaf community decisions-making? The question was answered regarding from a practical research applied and based in diagnosis that helped to conclude that the proposal should be an IT tool which contains mainly educational content and electoral information in Spanish language and in Colombian Sign Language as well. With this proposal, it will be possible to contribute to the reduction of the existing asymmetry in access to information for the electoral decision-making in the deaf community in Bogota.Magíster en Gobierno del Territorio y Gestión PúblicaMaestrí

Este (no) es nuestro parque. Diversidad de discursos en la aproximación transdisciplinar al espacio público

Si bien en las últimas décadas del siglo XX el espacio público ha sido examinado, analizado, estudiado, reivindicado, participado, debatido, criticado, premiado, desde todas las perspectivas, disciplinas y ámbitos profesionales y académicos y desde todos los niveles vecinales, institucionales y políticos, su materialización ha sido y sigue siendo fuente de conflictos y enfrentamientos. De manera habitual las realizaciones, independientemente de la opinión de los expertos, desencadenan en la ciudadanía mayor número de valoraciones negativas que satisfactorias. ¿Por qué un ejemplar proceso participativo no siempre garantiza un buen resultado? ¿Por dónde paso el lápiz? sigue planteando el técnico. Preguntas que centran una de las líneas de investigación de nuestro grupo (psicólogos, arquitectos, filósofos) y a las que intentamos dar respuesta, mediante el análisis transdisciplinar de experiencias concretas de intervención en el hábitat urbano, desde los marcos teóricos de la percepción social y la apropiación del espacio. Objetivos del trabajo que presentamos: 1) Analizar los discursos paralelos que se generan en las sucesivas etapas de producción de un espacio público desde la génesis del proyecto hasta su ejecución e incluso en su valoración y evaluación post-ocupacional 2) Evidenciar la polisemia de lenguajes y como ésta incide en los resultados de los procesos de diseño urbano colaborativo y condiciona la práctica transdisciplinar. Los discursos seleccionados para esta presentación se refieren al Parc del Clot en Barcelona. Se trata de uno los espacios contemplados en un proyecto longitudinal de “evaluación de la evolución” de siete zonas verdes de Barcelona, que deben su existencia a reivindicaciones vecinales de los años 70. Los discursos proceden tanto de las fuentes documentales como de las técnicas utilizadas para el estudio de campo: tandas observacionales, cuestionarios a los usuarios y entrevistas a las respectivas asociaciones vecinales y a los autores del proyecto. La categorización se ha realizado a través del ATlasTi. Concretamente se analizan las divergencias de tópicos relacionados con las expectativas de los usuarios, las intenciones proyectuales, las soluciones formales, las atribuciones simbólicas y los usos. Desde la pluralidad de los diversos actores que construyen -material y conceptualmente- la compleja y poliédrica realidad del espacio urbano, es imprescindible disponer de instrumentos que faciliten tender puentes de diálogo hacia el consenso, superando monólogos paralelos de profesionales, usuarios, técnicos y gestores de la Administración, para facilitar y fomentar la apropiación del espacio público como espacio de vida.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version