Modelling Interregional Cooperation in the Real Sector of the Russian Economy

oai:ojs2.amazoniainvestiga.info:article/15The article substantiates the relevance of spatial development for Russian regions. The authors emphasize the importance of industrial cooperation for socio-economic and industrial development. The paper describes an empirical study of interregional relations of 10 subjects of Russia within the Ural and Volga Federal Districts, previously called the “Big Ural”. The article reveals the potential for interregional interaction using the spatial econometrics method. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that the most durable and effective interregional industrial cooperation is achieved with a cluster system of cooperation. The study shows that the development of interregional cooperation in a real economy requires the development of a unified economic policy based on the regions' competitive advantages.En el artículo se justifica la actualidad de los problemas del desarrollo espacial de las subdivisiones de Rusia. Se indicada la importancia de la cooperación productiva para el desarrollo social y económico e industrial. Los vínculos interregionales de 10 subdivisiones de Rusia que forman parte de los distritos federales de Ural y Volga, anteriormente llamados “Gran Ural”, se investigan empíricamente. En base del método de econometría espacial, el artículo identifica las capacidades de interacción de las regiones. Los resultados permiten concluir que la interacción interregional más eficaz y a largo plazo en el contexto de la industria se logra mediante el sistema de cooperación en conglomerados. El estudio muestra que para el desarrollo de la interacción interregional en el sector real de la economía es necesario desarrollar una política económica unificada que tenga en cuenta las ventajas competitivas comparativas de las regiones.В статье обоснована актуальность проблем пространственного развития субъектов России. Отмечена значимость производственной кооперации для социально-экономического и промышленного развития. Эмпирически исследованы межрегиональные связи 10 субъектов России, входящих в Уральский и Приволжский федеральные округа, ранее называемые “Большой Урал”. На основе метода пространственной эконометрики в статье выявлены возможности взаимодействия регионов. Полученные результаты позволяют сделать вывод, что наиболее долгосрочное и эффективное межрегиональное взаимодействие в области промышленности достигается при кластерной системе кооперации. В исследовании показано, что для развития межрегионального взаимодействие в реальном секторе экономики необходима разработка единой экономической политики, учитывающая сравнительные конкурентные преимущества регионов

Дополнительное образование в высшем профессиональном образовательном учреждении

With the active renewal and development of science and technology in society, there is an objective need for continuous improvement of competencies for the implementation of qualified professional activities. The issues of retraining and advanced training of specialists are becoming particularly important, which necessitates the development of additional education. The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of additional education. Based on the necessary regulatory support, the University organizes the activities of the Institute of continuing education, which prepares students for programs of courses of different directions. The authors analyzed the program of additional training, highlighted its features. The methodological support of the courses is highlighted. Analysis of the experience of additional education courses showed their high level of demand among students, so it is planned to expand the scientific and methodological support for the implementation of additional areas.Con la renovación activa y el desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología en la sociedad, existe una necesidad objetiva de mejora continua de las competencias para la implementación de actividades profesionales calificadas. Los temas de reciclaje y capacitación avanzada de especialistas se están volviendo particularmente importantes, lo que requiere el desarrollo de educación adicional. El propósito del artículo es analizar la experiencia de la educación adicional. Basado en el apoyo regulatorio necesario, la Universidad organiza las actividades del Instituto de educación continua, que prepara a los estudiantes para programas de cursos de diferentes direcciones. Los autores analizaron el programa de capacitación adicional, destacaron sus características. Se destaca el apoyo metodológico de los cursos. El análisis de la experiencia de los cursos de educación adicional mostró su alto nivel de demanda entre los estudiantes, por lo que está previsto ampliar el apoyo científico y metodológico para la implementación de áreas adicionales.При активном обновлении и развитии науки и техники в обществе возникает объективная необходимость постоянного совершенствования компетенций для осуществления квалифицированной профессиональной деятельности. Особую актуальность приобретают вопросы переподготовки и повышения квалификации специалистов, что обуславливает необходимость развития дополнительного образования. Целью статьи является анализ опыта дополнительного образования. Опираясь на необходимое нормативное обеспечение, университет организует деятельность Института непрерывного образования, который готовит студентов по программам курсов различных направлений. Авторы проанализировали программу дополнительного обучения, выделили ее особенности. Выделено методическое обеспечение курсов. Анализ опыта проведения курсов дополнительного образования показал их высокий уровень востребованности среди студентов, поэтому планируется расширить научно-методическое обеспечение реализации дополнительных направлений

Самостоятельная работа студентов в профессиональных учебных заведениях

The reform of education in Russia has led to emergence of new learning pattern. Today, among numerous changes that have occurred in competence-based approach context, we note tendencies towards changes in teacher’s role in a student’s life, reduction in classroom hours and increase in the share of students’ independent work. In order to preserve and increase effectiveness of student learning, educational institutions should aim at finding new ways to use classroom hours to organize students' independent work. Insufficient knowledge of this topic actualizes the process of its further development. The purpose of our research was to verify the structure of independent work developed by the authors at a technical school in order to increase student training level. For this, the authors conducted an experiment in which two groups of second-year students of 25 people each took part. The results of the differentiated classification of two groups in the course "Engineering Graphics" were compared. The first group of students studied according to the structure available in the college, the second - with the help of the pattern developed by the authors. As a result, it was found that the second group has a higher level of training. The results of the experiment allowed us to conclude that the structure of independent work developed by the authors is very effective and its implementation will allow achieving positive results in students' competences development and in future graduates training.La reforma de la educación en Rusia ha llevado a la aparición de un nuevo patrón de aprendizaje. Hoy, entre los numerosos cambios que se han producido en el contexto del enfoque basado en la competencia, observamos tendencias hacia cambios en el papel del maestro en la vida de un estudiante, reducción en las horas de clase y aumento en la parte del trabajo independiente de los estudiantes. Para preservar y aumentar la efectividad del aprendizaje de los estudiantes, las instituciones educativas deben apuntar a encontrar nuevas formas de usar las horas de clase para organizar el trabajo independiente de los estudiantes. El conocimiento insuficiente de este tema actualiza el proceso de su desarrollo posterior. El propósito de nuestra investigación fue verificar la estructura del trabajo independiente desarrollado por los autores en una escuela técnica para aumentar el nivel de capacitación de los estudiantes. Para ello, los autores realizaron un experimento en el que participaron dos grupos de estudiantes de segundo año de 25 personas cada uno. Se compararon los resultados de la clasificación diferenciada de dos grupos en el curso "Gráficos de ingeniería". El primer grupo de estudiantes estudió de acuerdo con la estructura disponible en la universidad, el segundo, con la ayuda del patrón desarrollado por los autores. Como resultado, se encontró que el segundo grupo tiene un mayor nivel de entrenamiento. Los resultados del experimento nos permitieron concluir que la estructura del trabajo independiente desarrollado por los autores es muy efectiva y su implementación permitirá lograr resultados positivos en el desarrollo de competencias de los estudiantes y en la formación de futuros graduados.Реформа образования в России привела к появлению новой модели обучения. Сегодня среди многочисленных изменений, произошедших в контексте компетентностного подхода, мы отмечаем тенденции к изменению роли педагога в жизни студента, сокращению аудиторных часов и увеличению доли самостоятельной работы студентов. Чтобы сохранить и повысить эффективность обучения студентов, учебные заведения должны стремиться найти новые способы использования аудиторных часов для организации самостоятельной работы студентов. Недостаточная разработка этой темы актуализирует процесс ее дальнейшего развития. Целью нашего исследования была проверка структуры самостоятельной работы, разработанной авторами в техникуме с целью повышения уровня подготовки студентов. Для этого авторы провели эксперимент, в котором приняли участие две группы студентов второго курса по 25 человек в каждой. Результаты дифференцированной классификации двух групп по курсу «Инженерная графика» сравнивались. Первая группа студентов обучалась по структуре, имеющейся в колледже, вторая - по схеме, разработанной авторами. В результате выяснилось, что вторая группа имеет более высокий уровень подготовки. Результаты эксперимента позволили сделать вывод о том, что разработанная авторами структура самостоятельной работы имеет высокую результативность, а ее реализация позволит достичь положительных результатов в развитии компетенций студентов и в подготовке будущих выпускников

A STUDY OF SOCIAL ADVERTS WITH RESPECT TO THE IMAGE OF MUSLIM REFUGEES IN SOCIETY

Purpose: The article deals with the problem of changes in social values made by the influence of refugee culture and mind on the British society, which is widely known to be very stable and unchangeable via comparative qualitative research methods. Methodology: The qualitative research adopted an analytical-comparative method. Data were collected through observation, interviews and questionnaires. Main Findings: As a result, the value-ignored actions from the Love letter are the most diverse in value types and in the number of uses in the text. In conclusion, when considering the verb value-oriented expressions, it is noted that there are much more positive actions than negative ones. Applications: This article can be used by regional schools, cultural organizations and universities. Novelty/Originality: The crisis of ideology in the field of morality in the modern social situation related to the problems of immigrants has been studied

The study of spontaneous domain nucleation in the interelectrode gap of phase modulator based on titanium indiffused waveguides in lithium niobate crystals

The paper presents the analysis of nucleating kinetics and growing of switched domains in the surface layer of monodomain lithium niobate X-cut crystal in the interelectrode gap of integrated optical phase modulators. The work proposes the morphology model of domains growing along the boundary of surface electrodes in X-cut phase modulators. The mechanism of spontaneous needle-like domain growing as a result of the electric field induced by the pyroelectric effect at temperature changing of the crystal was theoretically substantiated. The Comsol Multiphysics cross-platform was used for the numerical estimation of the pyroelectric field in the interelectrode gap. The needle-like domain structures were studied experimentally at industrial samples of integrated optical phase modulators based on Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides. The experimental research of the form and size of domains was performed with the anisotropic etching method by HF solution and followed by visual analysis. For non-destructive testing, the authors used scanning electron microscopy and piezo-response force microscopy. For the first time, the morphology of needle-like domains occurring in the interelectrode gap of phase modulators based on lithium niobate was experimentally studied. The results showed the theoretical and numerical model of domain growing that involves the pyroelectric nature of the electric field. It was demonstrated that along the electrode boundary, the needle-like domains grow up to 20 μm long at normal conditions and achieve 30 μm after the thermal shock by cooling at ΔT = – 125 °С. The discovered switched domains in the interelectrode gap can affect electro-optical characteristics of integrated optical phase modulators with the lithium niobate base and should be taken into account in the future design of electrode topology and modulator usage

The D299G/T399I Toll-Like Receptor 4 Variant Associates with Body and Liver Fat: Results from the TULIP and METSIM Studies

BACKGROUND: Toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR) is discussed to provide a molecular link between obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. Genetic studies with replications in non-diabetic individuals in regard to their fat distribution or insulin resistance according to their carrier status of a common toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) variant (TLR4(D299G/T399I)) are still lacking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in individuals phenotyped for prediabetic traits as body fat composition (including magnetic resonance imaging), blood glucose levels and insulin resistance (oral glucose tolerance testing, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp), according to TLR4 genotype determined by candidate SNP analyses (rs4986790). We analyzed N = 1482 non-diabetic individuals from the TÜF/TULIP cohort (South Germany, aged 39±13 y, BMI 28.5±7.9, mean±SD) and N = 5327 non-diabetic participants of the METSIM study (Finland, males aged 58±6 y, BMI 26.8±3.8) for replication purposes. German TLR4(D299G/T399I) carriers had a significantly increased body fat (XG in rs4986790: +6.98%, p = 0.03, dominant model, adjusted for age, gender) and decreased insulin sensitivity (XG: -15.3%, Matsuda model, p = 0.04; XG: -20.6%, p = 0.016, clamp; both dominant models adjusted for age, gender, body fat). In addition, both liver fat (AG: +49.7%; p = 0.002) and visceral adipose tissue (AG: +8.2%; p = 0.047, both adjusted for age, gender, body fat) were significantly increased in rs4986790 minor allele carriers, and the effect on liver fat remained significant also after additional adjustment for visceral fat (p = 0.014). The analysis in METSIM confirmed increased body fat content in association with the rare G allele in rs4986790 (AG: +1.26%, GG: +11.0%; p = 0.010, additive model, adjusted for age) and showed a non-significant trend towards decreased insulin sensitivity (AG: -0.99%, GG: -10.62%). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: TLR4(D299G/T399I) associates with increased total body fat, visceral fat, liver fat and decreased insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic Caucasians and may contribute to diabetes risk. This finding supports the role of TLR4 as a molecular link between obesity and insulin resistance

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Treatment outcomes in global systematic review and patient meta-analysis of children with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) has extremely poor treatment outcomes in adults. Limited data are available for children. We report on clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes for 37 children (<15 years of age) with bacteriologically confirmed XDR TB in 11 countries. These patients were managed during 1999–2013. For the 37 children, median age was 11 years, 32 (87%) had pulmonary TB, and 29 had a recorded HIV status; 7 (24%) were infected with HIV. Median treatment duration was 7.0 months for the intensive phase and 12.2 months for the continuation phase. Thirty (81%) children had favorable treatment outcomes. Four (11%) died, 1 (3%) failed treatment, and 2 (5%) did not complete treatment. We found a high proportion of favorable treatment outcomes among children, with mortality rates markedly lower than for adults. Regimens and duration of treatment varied considerably. Evaluation of new regimens in children is required

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements