Sinopsis de la Tribu Oryctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) de Colombia

La tribu Oryctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) comprende un grupo de escarabajos Dynastinae con distribución mundial, compuesta por 26 géneros y aproximadamente 230 especies, de los cuales 14 géneros y aproximadamente135 especies se encuentran distribuidas en la región Neotropical. Las especies se distribuyen tanto en los bosques tropicales secos como en las selvas pluviales, con un rango altitudinal que va desde el nivel del mar a los 2600 m. Algunas especies se alimentan de materia orgánica o frutos dulces en descomposición, otros barrenan los tallos de las plantas vivas, razón por la cual son considerados plagas de varios cultivos de interés económico. El conocimiento actual de la tribu en el Neotrópico es escaso, siendo necesarios estudios que contribuyan a aclarar aspectos relacionados con la taxonomía, filogenia y patrones de distribución geográfica de la especies. Este trabajo da a conocer la composición, diversidad y distribución de la tribu Oryctini en Colombia. En el país, la diversidad del grupo está representada por 7 géneros y 32 especies, registradas en 29 departamentos y aproximadamente 628 localidades. Se registra por primera vez para Colombia Heterogomphus curvicornis Prell, Megaceras jason (Fabricius) y Podischnus oberthueri Sternberg. Para cada especie se proporcionan descripciones y mapas de distribución. Se presenta una clave en ingles y español para las especies de Orcytini de Colombia y una lista de chequeo de las especies registradas para el país. The Oryctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are dynastine scarab beetles with a worldwide distribution consisting of 26 genera and about 230 species, of which 14 genera and 135 species are distributed in the Neotropical region. The species of this tribe occur in habitats ranging from temperate and tropical dry forests to rain forests and cloud forests from sea level to 2600 m in elevation. Some species feed on organic matter or decaying fruits while others bore into the stems of living plants, in which case they occasionally reach pest status. Knowledge of the tribe in the Neotropics is still fragmentary, necessitating further studies that address taxonomy, phylogeny, and geographical distribution patterns of the species. This study surveyed the Oryctini of Colombia. In Colombia there are 7 genera and 32 species, found in 29 departments, 330 municipal districts and approximately 628 specific localities. Heterogomphus curvicornis Prell, Megaceras jason (Fabricius), and Podischnus oberthueri Sternberg are reported for the first time from Colombia. Taxonomic descriptions and distribution maps are provided for all species. An identification key, in Spanish and English, is provided for all oryctine species that occur in Colombia. A checklist of the oryctine beetles of the Colombia is provided

Estudio exploratorio de arcilla expandida y piedra pómez como agregados en la producción de concretos ligeros

This experimental research was carried out with the objective of implementing materials such as expanded clay (also known as arlite) and pumice stone, as a total replacement of conventional aggregates in the production of concrete. Mix designs were developed with expanded clay and pumice stone completely saturated and unsaturated. The mixture consisted of cement, water, pumice stone and expanded clay, in some things additives were used such as polypropylene fibers, silica fume and superplasticizer, the latter was used to study the increase in the resistance to bending and compression of concrete. For this, cylinders, joists and panels were made; obtaining densities of 1.300 to 1.500 Kg / m3 and compressive strengths of 13 to 18 MPa. Accompanied by equilibrium density tests for lightweight concrete, percentage of voids, capillary absorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); in order to identify some properties of the aggregates and concrete. In this way it can be shown that expanded clay and pumice can be considered as an alternative to common aggregates in the production of concrete in the country.Esta investigación experimental se realizó con el objetivo de implementar materiales como la arcilla expandida (también conocida como arlita) y piedra pómez, como reemplazo total de los agregados convencionales en la producción de concreto. Los diseños de mezclas fueron desarrollados con arcilla expandida y piedra pómez totalmente saturados y sin saturar. La mezcla consistió de cemento, agua, piedra pómez y arcilla expandida, en algunas cosas se emplearon aditivos como fibras de polipropileno, humo de sílice y superplastificante, estos últimos se utilizaron para estudiar el incremento en la resistencia a la flexión y compresión del concreto. Para ello se elaboraron cilindros, viguetas y paneles; obteniendo densidades de 1.300 a 1.500 Kg/m3 y resistencias a la compresión de 13 a 18 MPa. Acompañados por ensayos de densidad de equilibrio para concretos ligeros, porcentaje de vacíos, absorción capilar y microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM); con el fin de identificar algunas propiedades de los agregados y el concreto. De esta manera se puede demostrar que la arcilla expandida y la piedra pómez pueden considerarse como una alternativa a los agregados comunes en la producción de concreto en el país

Automated Discrimination of Brain Pathological State Attending to Complex Structural Brain Network Properties: The Shiverer Mutant Mouse Case

Neuroimaging classification procedures between normal and pathological subjects are sparse and highly dependent of an expert's clinical criterion. Here, we aimed to investigate whether possible brain structural network differences in the shiverer mouse mutant, a relevant animal model of myelin related diseases, can reflect intrinsic individual brain properties that allow the automatic discrimination between the shiverer and normal subjects. Common structural networks properties between shiverer (C3Fe.SWV Mbpshi/Mbpshi, n = 6) and background control (C3HeB.FeJ, n = 6) mice are estimated and compared by means of three diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) fiber tractography algorithms and a graph framework. Firstly, we found that brain networks of control group are significantly more clustered, modularized, efficient and optimized than those of the shiverer group, which presented significantly increased characteristic path length. These results are in line with previous structural/functional complex brain networks analysis that have revealed topologic differences and brain network randomization associated to specific states of human brain pathology. In addition, by means of network measures spatial representations and discrimination analysis, we show that it is possible to classify with high accuracy to which group each subject belongs, providing also a probability value of being a normal or shiverer subject as an individual anatomical classifier. The obtained correct predictions (e.g., around 91.6–100%) and clear spatial subdivisions between control and shiverer mice, suggest that there might exist specific network subspaces corresponding to specific brain disorders, supporting also the point of view that complex brain network analyses constitutes promising tools in the future creation of interpretable imaging biomarkers

Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

BACKGROUND: Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. METHODS: The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. FINDINGS: Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4–19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2–59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5–49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1–70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7–54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3–75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5–51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9–88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3–238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6–42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2–5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. INTERPRETATION: This analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing

Normative values for the short physical performance battery (SPPB) and their association with anthropometric variables in older colombian adults : the SABE study, 2015

Q1Q1Artículo original1-11Background: The short physical performance battery (SPPB) is a physical performance test of lower extremity function designed for non-disabled older adults. We aimed to establish reference values for community-dwelling Colombian adults aged 60 years or older in terms of (1) the total score; (2) the three subtest scores (walking speed, standing balance performance, and five times sit-to-stand test); and (3) the time to complete the five times sit-to-stand test, s and the walking speed test. Additionally, we sought to explore how much of the variance in the SPPB subtest scores could be explained by anthropometric variables (age, body mass, height, body mass index, and calf circumference). Methods: Participants were men and women aged 60 years or older who participated in the Health and Well-being and Aging Survey in Colombia, 2015. A sample of 4,211 participants (57.3% women) completed the SPPB test, and their anthropometric variables were evaluated. Age-specific percentiles were calculated using the LMS method (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentiles). Results: The mean SPPB total score for the entire sample was 8.73 (2.0) points. On average, the total SPPB score was 0.85 points greater in men than in women (p < 0.001). Significant sex differences were observed in all three age groups tested (60–69, 70–79, and 80+ years). In the full sample, our findings suggested that age, body mass, height, body mass index, and calf circumference are significant contributors to walking speed (p < 0.001) after controlling for confounding factors, including ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity. Conclusions: Percentile values are of interest to identify target populations for primary prevention and to estimate the proportion of high or low values for SPPB measures in community-dwelling Colombians aged at least 60 years

Implementing Standard Diagnosis and Treatment for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Through Global Research in Latin America: Results From a Multicountry Pragmatic Trial

PURPOSEBreast cancer mortality rates in Latin America (LA) are higher than those in the United States, possibly because of advanced disease presentation, health care disparities, or unfavorable molecular subtypes. The Latin American Cancer Research Network was established to address these challenges and to promote collaborative clinical research. The Molecular Profiling of Breast Cancer Study (MPBCS) aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of LA participants with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC).PATIENTS AND METHODSThe MPBCS enrolled 1,449 participants from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay. Through harmonized procedures and quality assurance measures, this study evaluated clinicopathologic characteristics, neoadjuvant chemotherapy response, and survival outcomes according to residual cancer burden (RCB) and the type of surgery.RESULTSOverall, 711 and 480 participants in the primary surgery and neoadjuvant arms, respectively, completed the 5-year follow-up period. Overall survival was independently associated with RCB (worse survival for RCBIII-adjusted hazard ratio, 8.19, P < .001, and RCBII [adjusted hazard ratio, 3.69, P < .008] compared with RCB0 [pathologic complete response or pCR]) and type of surgery (worse survival in mastectomy than in breast-conserving surgery [BCS], adjusted hazard ratio, 2.97, P = .001). The hormone receptor–negative-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive group had the highest proportion of pCR (48.9%). The analysis of the ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative breast module revealed high compliance with pathologic standards but lower adherence to treatment administration standards. Notably, compliance with trastuzumab administration varied widely among countries (33.3%-88.7%).CONCLUSIONIn LABC, we demonstrated the survival benefit of BCS and the prognostic effect of the response to available neoadjuvant treatments despite an important variability in access to key treatments. The MPBCS represents a significant step forward in understanding the real-world implementation of oncologic procedures in LA