Влияние концентрации модификатора на структурные и функциональные свойства модифицированных нановолокон оксигидроксида алюминия

It was shown that the concentration of the modifier (manganese ions (II)) significantly affects the structural properties of the modified aluminum oxyhydroxide. In the phase composition of the samples modified and reduced content hydroxid and oxyhydroxide aluminum phases, which leads to a drop of the specific surface area from 196,16 to 10,78 m2/g. In the modified heating samples in air joint formed of aluminum oxide and manganese phase - MnAl2O4, and in the sample with the highest content of manganese oxides, manganese own found - Mn3O4, Mn2O3. The presence of manganese oxide phases making a modified aluminum oxyhydroxide promising as a catalyst for the oxidation of organic and inorganic compounds

Hydroclimate in the Pamirs Was Driven by Changes in Precipitation‐Evaporation Seasonality Since theLast Glacial Period

The Central Asian Pamir Mountains (Pamirs) are a high‐altitude region sensitive to climatic change, with only few paleoclimatic records available. To examine the glacial‐interglacial hydrological changes in the region, we analyzed the geochemical parameters of a 31‐kyr record from Lake Karakul and performed a set of experiments with climate models to interpret the results. δD values of terrestrial biomarkers showed insolation‐driven trends reflecting major shifts of water vapor sources. For aquatic biomarkers, positive δD shifts driven by changes in precipitation seasonality were observed at ca. 31–30, 28–26, and 17–14 kyr BP. Multiproxy paleoecological data and modelling results suggest that increased water availability, induced by decreased summer evaporation, triggered higher lake levels during those episodes, possibly synchronous to northern hemispheric rapid climate events. We conclude that seasonal changes in precipitation‐evaporation balance significantly influenced the hydrological state of a large waterbody such as Lake Karakul, while annual precipitation amount and inflows remained fairly constant

Changes in magnetic resonance mammography due to hormone replacement therapy

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present article is to investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on contrast medium enhancement patterns in postmenopausal patients during magnetic resonance mammography (MRM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and fifteen patients receiving hormonal medication were divided into four groups: 150 patients with 1 MRM during HRT (group A), 13 patients with 2 MRMs under HRT (group B), 30 patients with 1 MRM during HRT and 1 MRM after HRT withdrawal (group C), and 22 women with 1 MRM after HRT withdrawal (group D). Dynamic MRM was performed at 1.5 Tesla. Signal intensity changes were characterized by five time curves: minimal enhancement (type I), weak continuous enhancement (type II), strong continuous enhancement (type III), and a steep initial slope followed by a plateau phenomenon (type IV) or a washout effect (type V). RESULTS: Of all 193 patients under HRT (group A + group B + group C), 60 patients (31.1%) showed curve type I, 88 patients (45.6%) showed type II and 45 patients (23.3%) showed type III. There were significant differences to 52 patients after HRT withdrawal (group C + group D) (P < 0.0001), with 42 patients (80.8%) for curve type I, 8 patients (15.4%) for type II, and 2 patients (3.8%) for type III. In both MRM sessions in group B, 69% of the patients showed identical curve types without significant differences (P = 0.375). In group C, 28 of 30 patients (93%) dropped to lower curve types with significant differences in curve types during and after HRT (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The majority of patients receiving postmenopausal HRT showed bilateral symmetrical, continuous enhancement without evidence of a plateau phenomenon or a washout effect due to HRT in MRM. Hormonal effects could be proven and were reproducible and reversible

Toward a New Philosophy of Preventive Nutrition: From a Reductionist to a Holistic Paradigm to Improve Nutritional Recommendations

The reductionist approach has been predominant to date in human nutrition research and has unraveled some of the fundamental mechanisms at the basis of food nutrients (e.g., those that involve deficiency diseases). In Western countries, along with progress in medicine and pharmacology, the reductionist approach helped to increase life expectancy. However, despite 40 y of research in nutrition, epidemics of obesity and diabetes are growing each year worldwide, both in developed and developing countries, leading to a decrease in healthy life years. Yet, interactions between nutrition-health relations cannot be modeled on the basis of a linear cause-effect relation between 1 food compound and 1 physiologic effect but rather from multicausal nonlinear relations. In other words, explaining the whole from the specific by a bottom-up reductionist approach has its limits. A top-down approach becomes necessary to investigate complex issues through a holistic view before addressing any specific question to explain the whole. However, it appears that both approaches are necessary and mutually reinforcing. In this review, Eastern and Western research perspectives are first presented, laying out bases for what could be the consequences of applying a reductionist versus holistic approach to research in nutrition vis-a-vis public health, environmental sustainability, breeding, biodiversity, food science and processing, and physiology for improving nutritional recommendations. Therefore, research that replaces reductionism with a more holistic approach will reveal global and efficient solutions to the problems encountered from the field to the plate. Preventive human nutrition can no longer be considered as "pharmacology" or foods as "drugs.

Methyl Complexes of the Transition Metals

Organometallic chemistry can be considered as a wide area of knowledge that combines concepts of classic organic chemistry, that is, based essentially on carbon, with molecular inorganic chemistry, especially with coordination compounds. Transition-metal methyl complexes probably represent the simplest and most fundamental way to view how these two major areas of chemistry combine and merge into novel species with intriguing features in terms of reactivity, structure, and bonding. Citing more than 500 bibliographic references, this review aims to offer a concise view of recent advances in the field of transition-metal complexes containing M-CH fragments. Taking into account the impressive amount of data that are continuously provided by organometallic chemists in this area, this review is mainly focused on results of the last five years. After a panoramic overview on M-CH compounds of Groups 3 to 11, which includes the most recent landmark findings in this area, two further sections are dedicated to methyl-bridged complexes and reactivity.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Projects CTQ2010–15833, CTQ2013-45011 - P and Consolider - Ingenio 2010 CSD2007 - 00006Junta de Andalucía FQM - 119, Projects P09 - FQM - 5117 and FQM - 2126EU 7th Framework Program, Marie Skłodowska - Curie actions C OFUND – Agreement nº 26722

Real‐world outcomes using PD‐1 antibodies and BRAF + MEK inhibitors for adjuvant melanoma treatment from 39 skin cancer centers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland

Abstract Background Programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) antibodies and BRAF + MEK inhibitors are widely used for adjuvant therapy of fully resected high‐risk melanoma. Little is known about treatment efficacy outside of phase III trials. This real‐world study reports on clinical outcomes of modern adjuvant melanoma treatment in specialized skin cancer centers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Methods Multicenter, retrospective study investigating stage III–IV melanoma patients receiving adjuvant nivolumab (NIV), pembrolizumab (PEM) or dabrafenib + trametinib (D + T) between 1/2017 and 10/2021. The primary endpoint was 12‐month recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Further analyses included descriptive and correlative statistics, and a multivariate linear‐regression machine learning model to assess the risk of early melanoma recurrence. Results In total, 1198 patients from 39 skin cancer centers from Germany, Austria and Switzerland were analysed. The vast majority received anti PD‐1 therapies (n = 1003). Twelve‐month RFS for anti PD‐1 and BRAF + MEK inhibitor‐treated patients were 78.1% and 86.5%, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 1.998 [95% CI 1.335–2.991]; p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) in anti PD‐1 (95.8%) and BRAF + MEK inhibitor (96.9%) treated patients (p > 0.05) during the median follow‐up of 17 months. Data indicates that anti PD‐1 treated patients who develop immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) have lower recurrence rates compared to patients with no irAEs (HR 0.578 [95% CI 0.443–0.754], p = 0.001). BRAF mutation status did not affect overall efficacy of anti PD‐1 treatment (p > 0.05). In both, anti PD‐1 and BRAF + MEK inhibitor treated cohorts, data did not show any difference in 12‐month RFS and 12‐month OS comparing patients receiving total lymph node dissection (TLND) versus sentinel lymph node biopsy only (p > 0.05). The recurrence prediction model reached high specificity but only low sensitivity with an AUC = 0.65. No new safety signals were detected. Overall, recorded numbers and severity of adverse events were lower than reported in pivotal phase III trials. Conclusions Despite recent advances in adjuvant melanoma treatment, early recurrence remains a significant clinical challenge. This study shows that TLND does not reduce the risk of early melanoma recurrence and should only be considered in selected patients. Data further highlight that variables collected during clinical routine are unlikely to allow for a clinically relevant prediction of individual recurrence risk

Negative Effects of Event Sponsoring and Ambushing: the Case of Consumer Confusion

This paper aims to enrich previous research on event sponsoring by introducing a new conceptualization of consumer confusion to explain different negative effects caused by multiple sponsorships and ambush marketing. The authors show that consumers are confused concerning the definite linkage of sponsors and ambushers due to perceived stimuli overload and stimuli ambiguity, but not stimuli similarity. Additionally, the results reveal a lower awareness of sponsors, worsened attitude toward the sponsorship, and reactant behavioral intentions caused by consumer confusion. Ironically, these effects particularly impact both sponsors and ambushers which were successful in linking their companies or brands to the event. [to cite]