Comprehensive study of thermal properties of lunar core samples

The feasibility of a technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of lunar core samples was investigated. The thermal conduction equation for a composite cylinder was solved to obtain a mathematical expression for the surface temperature of the core tube filled with lunar material. The sample is heated by radiation from the outside at a known rate, the variation of the temperature at the surface of the core tube is measured, and the thermal conductivity determined by comparing the observed temperature with the theoretically expected one. The apparatus used in the experiment is described

In-situ measurements of lunar heat flow

During the Apollo program two successful heat flow measurements were made in situ on the lunar surface. At the Apollo 15 site a value of .0000031 W/sq cm was measured, and at the Apollo 17 site a value of .0000022 W/sq cm was determined. Both measurements have uncertainty limits of + or - 20 percent and have been corrected for perturbing topographic effects. The apparent difference between the observations may correlate with observed variations in the surface abundance of thorium. Comparison with earlier determinations of heat flow, using the microwave emission spectrum from the moon, gives support to the high gradients and heat flows observed in situ

Study of thermal properties of the lunar regolith based on in situ temperature measurements and experiments on soil simulants

The experimental design and the development of a theory to interpret the experimental data from measurements of the thermal conductivity of lunar core samples. Measurements conducted while the lunar material is still in the core tube reduce the possibility of physical and chemical disturbances to the sample. The sample was heated externally by radiation at a known rate, the variation of temperature was measured at the surface of the core sample, and thermal conductivity was determined by comparing the observed temperature with the theoretically expected one

A Deep Network Model for Paraphrase Detection in Short Text Messages

This paper is concerned with paraphrase detection. The ability to detect similar sentences written in natural language is crucial for several applications, such as text mining, text summarization, plagiarism detection, authorship authentication and question answering. Given two sentences, the objective is to detect whether they are semantically identical. An important insight from this work is that existing paraphrase systems perform well when applied on clean texts, but they do not necessarily deliver good performance against noisy texts. Challenges with paraphrase detection on user generated short texts, such as Twitter, include language irregularity and noise. To cope with these challenges, we propose a novel deep neural network-based approach that relies on coarse-grained sentence modeling using a convolutional neural network and a long short-term memory model, combined with a specific fine-grained word-level similarity matching model. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches on user-generated noisy social media data, such as Twitter texts, and achieves highly competitive performance on a cleaner corpus

Composite drill stem of epoxy fiber glass reinforced with boron filaments and a retrievable core liner/sample return container for the Apollo lunar surface drill

Composite drill stem of epoxy fiber glass and boron filaments and lunar core sampling system for Apollo lunar surface dril

Not-So-Decriminalized: Consequences of Intersectional Identity for Migrant Sex Workers in Switzerland

Sex work in Switzerland, which was decriminalized long ago, has been regarded as one of the most liberal systems of sex work in the world. However, this reputation is contested when factoring in the interaction between immigration and sex work policies. Migrant sex workers in Switzerland are put at a precarious intersection of decriminalized sex industry and restrictive migration policy and attitudes, and are not addressed or protected from violations of the law or violations of their human rights. Using databases containing Swiss legislation, I will critically examine the intersectional effects of migration policy and the treatment of migrants on the sex industry. Specifically, I will analyze how Swiss regulations of sex work serve to perpetuate the vulnerabilities of migrant sex workers given the context of labor migration and policy. This will be done using a discourse analysis of government regulations of sex work and migration, in conjunction with analysis of publications issued by advocacy organizations. I find that despite having decriminalized sex work in the early 20th century, Swiss legislation fails to adequately and legislatively address the intersectional identities of sex workers. Despite acknowledging that the majority of sex workers in the Swiss sex industry are migrants–and that the number of irregular migrants has increased steadily alongside the rise of restrictive migration policy–the Swiss government chooses to continually criminalize migrant sex workers through repressive migration and sex work policies rather than offering them protections. Thus, migrant sex workers–as a result of their already precarious identities as migrants and sex workers, in conjunction with repressive policy-making–become utterly unprotected politically, legally, and socially in Switzerland. This study serves to highlight that (seemingly) liberal policy alone, for example decriminalizing sex work, is not enough to ensure the effective and safe functionality of the system. Instead, specific protections must be implemented that reflect the actual demographics of those affected by the legislation

Come Together: Promoting Work and Well-Being. A study in the framework of the JD-R model

The levels of sickness absenteeism in Norway are extraordinarily high. One of three employees reports that work is partly or fully the reason why they are absent. Regardless of a clear and explicit political goal to reduce sickness absence, previous reforms in Norway have not had much success. In this dissertation, we collected self-report data from thousands of jobholders and performed cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The results identified factors that can contribute to the improvement and enhancement of employee well-being and health. In Paper I, we showed that job resources and job demands were associated with work engagement and workaholism, respectively. Both engaged employees and workaholics worked extra hours. Work engagement was positively related to work-related health, whilst workaholism was negatively related to work-related health. In Paper II we revealed that job resources predict work engagement, that work engagement leads to reduced sickness absenteeism, and that this relationship is mediated by health. In Paper III we found that organizational contexts (i.e., nature of work and occupation) and individual dispositions (i.e., positive trait emotions) influence the degree to which individuals appraise job demands positively and negatively. The theoretical foundation guiding this dissertation is the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, which we refined based on the present research. Specifically, we argue that workaholism could be included in the health-impairment process and that health-related indicators could be included as possible outcomes of the motivational process. Further, we suggest that job demands may play a role in the motivational process and that a more nuanced approach to measuring job demands should be applied in future research. The findings presented in this dissertation challenge the policies and reforms currently applied to reduce sickness absenteeism in Norway. Today, attention is focused on removing or reducing aspects of work that may cause ill-being, which is important but not sufficient. Rather, our research suggests that the promotion of positive working conditions may lead to hard-working and healthy employees. This can prove profitable for organizations, add societal value through a healthy workforce, and contribute to solve parts of the absence puzzle. Authorities and employers are encouraged to utilize this perspective in the future