Adsorption of pentachlorophenol onto activated carbon in a fixed bed : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Environmental Engineering at Massey University

The adsorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from water onto granular activated carbon (GAC) was studied. Equilibrium and kinetic behaviour was studied, and the results used to predict fixed bed adsorber behaviour. Batch equilibrium tests showed that the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for PCP is best represented by the Freundlich isotherm, with constants of K = 95 and 1/n = 0.18. Batch adsorption kinetics experiments were conducted in a spinning basket reactor. Surface diffusion and external film transfer coefficients were determined by fitting the homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM) to the experimental batch adsorption data. A surface diffusion coefficient value of 2.26 x 10-9cm/s was calculated using this method, which was similar to surface diffusion coefficients for similar compounds found by other investigators. Using equilibrium and kinetic parameters, the HSDM was used to predict bench scale fixed bed adsorber breakthrough curves at varying flow rates. A correlation was used to calculate the film transfer coefficient. There was a good agreement between the experimental breakthrough curves and those predicted by the model. By varying parameters in the model it was found that the adsorption rate in the PCP-activated carbon system was primarily limited by surface diffusion. The homogeneous surface diffusion model was shown to be effective in predicting breakthrough of PCP and could conceivably be used to predict full scale adsorber performance or to aid pilot plant studies

Politicizing Our Waters: An Examination of the Boldt Decision’s Role in Anti-Indian Activism in the Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest is home to a multitude of industries that utilize the region’s vast amounts of natural resources from timber to the soil. On February 12, 1974, the political fabric that encompassed the region’s state and local governments, American Indian tribes, and sport along with commercial organizations was significantly altered by Judge George H. Boldt and his decision to affirm the promises made by the Washington territorial government to Indigenous peoples over a hundred years prior. This decision was celebrated by Indigenous peoples for it guaranteed rights listed in the many treaties the United States made with American Indian tribes which were up for contention at the time of the decision. However, non-Indigenous people in the area with a stake in the salmon and steelhead runs in the Pacific Northwest viewed this decision as an overextension of federal power as well as being discriminatory against non-Indigenous people which led to an era after the decision with an unprecedented amount of anti-Indian and anti-federal activism in the area. This paper is primarily informed by archival resources, political cartoons, and magazine articles from avid sport fishers that took an active stance against the Boldt Decision along with statements made by Washington state officials that openly opposed the rulings to argue that the Boldt Decision influenced a wave of anti-Indian and anti-federal activism within the Pacific Northwest

Normalizing Non-Linear Speech Speed for Maintaining Listener Comprehension at Increased Playback Speeds

This publication describes methods of normalizing the speed of non-linear speech by applying an algorithm to allow for improved listener comprehension at increased playback speeds. The algorithm computes an amount of tension for a given audio file and subsequently computes a running average of the tension. A high-pass filter is then applied to the tension to remove the average tension. The resulting audio file allows a listener to increase playback speed or maintain a desired average speed while retaining comprehension

Models of Relevant Arithmetic

It is well known that the relevant arithmetic R# admits finite models whose domains are the integers modulo n rather than the expected natural numbers. Less well appreciated is the fact that the logic of these models is much more subtle than that of the three-valued structure in which they are usually presented. In this paper we consider the DeMorgan monoids in which R# can be modelled, deriving a fairly complete account of those modelling the stronger arithmetic RM# modulo n and a partial account for the case of R# modulo a prime number. The more general case in which the modulus is arbitrary is shown to lead to infinite propositional structures even with the additional constraint that '0=1' implies everything

Models of Relevant Arithmetic

It is well known that the relevant arithmetic R# admits finite models whose domains are the integers modulo n rather than the expected natural numbers. Less well appreciated is the fact that the logic of these models is much more subtle than that of the three-valued structure in which they are usually presented. In this paper we consider the DeMorgan monoids in which R# can be modelled, deriving a fairly complete account of those modelling the stronger arithmetic RM# modulo n and a partial account for the case of R# modulo a prime number. The more general case in which the modulus is arbitrary is shown to lead to infinite propositional structures even with the additional constraint that '0=1' implies everything