Meningkatkan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Gangguan Metabolik di Klinik Pratama Semarang melalui Pelatihan Pengaturan Diet dan Senam Kaki

Gangguan metabolik merupakan salah satu jenis gangguan kesehatan yang banyak diderita oleh penduduk dunia, salah satunya adalah Indonesia. Salah satu penyakit gangguan metabolik yang menjadi perhatian pemerintah Indonesia saat ini adalah diabetes. Kendali terhadap resiko komplikasi penyakit ini perlu dilakukan sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup penderitanya. Rendahnya pengetahuan penderita akan pengelolahan penyakit ini dapat memperbesar resiko terjadinya komplikasi. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan penderita gangguan metabolik, terutama diabetes di Klinik Pratama Eka Sakti dalam upaya pencegahan komplikasi melalui kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pengaturan diet dan senam kaki. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan ini adalah ceramah dan diskusi dengan menggunakan media power point dan pembagian leaflet, serta untuk kegiatan pelatihan diadakan pemutaran video dan praktik langsung melakukan gerakan senam kaki. Evaluasi untuk mengukur keberhasilan program dilakukan dengan menggunakan pretest dan postest, serta observasi secara langsung kemampuan peserta dalam mempraktikkan gerakan senam kaki yang diajarkan. Hasil evaluasi kegiatan, didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta dalam pengaturan diet yang benar sebesar 97% dan evaluasi kemampuan peserta dalam memperagakan gerakan senam kaki setelah kegiatan mencapai angka 100%. Kesimpulan: kegiatan pelatihan pengaturan diet dan senam kaki sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup penderita gangguan metabolik menunjukan keberhasilan program. Metabolic disorders are one of the most common health problems suffered by the world's population, one of which is Indonesia. One of the metabolic disorders that are of concern to the Indonesian government today is diabetes. Control of the risk of complications of this disease needs to be done as an effort to improve the quality of life of the sufferer. The patient's low knowledge of the management of this disease can increase the risk of complications. The purpose of this activity is to increase the knowledge and skills of people with metabolic disorders, especially diabetes at the Eka Sakti Pratama Clinic in an effort to prevent complications through counseling and training on diet management and foot exercises. The methods used in this activity are lectures and discussions using power point media and distribution of leaflets, as well as for training activities video screenings are held and direct practice of doing foot exercises. Evaluation to measure the success of the program was carried out using a pretest and posttest, as well as direct observation of the participants' abilities in practicing the foot exercises that were taught. The results of the activity evaluation showed an increase in participants' knowledge in correct dietary settings by 97% and an evaluation of the participants' ability to demonstrate leg gymnastics after the activity reached 100%. Conclusion: training activities for diet regulation and foot exercises as an effort to improve the quality of life of people with metabolic disorders show the success of the program

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GLUKOSA DAN EKSTRAK YEAST TERHADAP BIODELIGNIFIKASI AMPAS BATANG AREN

Biological system offers more enviromentally friendly and energy saving in the paper making technology. One of the most preferred was using white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The objective of this research was to study the effect of glucose and yeast extract to the amount of the degraded lignin in the solid waste of starch aren industry. The dried solid wastes weres added with culture medium, glucose or yeast extract and then sterilized. All systems was adjusted at pH 4. A portion of fungi suspension then mixed with the substance then it incubated at 40 o C for 30 days. The lignin and cellulose content were analysis every five days. It observe that the lignin content decreases with incubation time. The cellulose content also decreses with incubation time too, but less quantity than the lignin. More glucose and extract yeast added to the waste, more lignin can be degraded but less in losing cellulose. Key words: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, lignin content, glucose, yeast extract

JELLY EXTRACT DRINKING RED BIT

Beets are one of the most useful food ingredients. One of the benefits is to provide natural color in the manufacture of food products. The pigment present in the red bit is betasianin. Betasianin is a class of antioxidants. Drink jelly is a soft gel-shaped drink, generally jelly drinks have elastic properties but consistency or gel strength is weaker than jelly agar. This study aims to diversify food products from red bit beans.The research begins by making red beet extracts first, after which mixing all the ingredients of making jelly drinks. The experimental design used in this research is Completely Randomized Design with three treatment levels and two replications. Data analysis was processed by Kruskal Wallis and ANOVA. The treatments used were comparison of beets and water 1:10, comparison of beets and water 1: 12,5 and comparison of beets and water 1:15. Organoleptic tests used in the study were hedonic rank test and sensory quality test.The results showed that the treatment comparison of beets and water 1:15of  was selected jelly beverage based on hedonic test result by panelist. Chemical analysis of the selected product was then performed. Drink jelly comparison of beets and water 1:15 has antioxidant levels of 4.2 mg vit c / 100g sample, food fiber content of 14, 92%, and total sugar of 26.27%.

Introduction of a neonatal pain and agitation protocol at neonatal intensive care unit Dr Soetomo Hospital Surabaya

Background : Neonate especially preterm are the most likely to be exposed with pain stimuli in the NICU. Repeated number of painful exposure have the potential for deleterious consequences alter vital sign and later neurodevelopmental outcome. Dr Soetomo Hospital not implemented neonatal pain and agitation protocol yet. Objective: To analyze the implementation of a neonatal pain management based on Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) score Methods : Location in NICU from January to May 2016. The protocol of neonatal pain and agitation management was implemented. Staff behavior in neonatal pain management before introduction vs after implementation were evaluated. Results : There were 72 patients before introduction had gestational age (GA) 34.8 (SD 2.6) weeks, birth weight 2023.8 (SD 437) gram and 30 nurse were include. Forty two patients, GA 35.8 (SD 2.58) week, birth weight 1988 (SD 571) gram, and 15 nurses after implementation of pain management were included. Vein puncture was the most procedure that frequently performed (62.09%) followed by ROP screening examination (21.56%), heel prick (13.07%). Compliance of staff in assessment of pain was seen from increasing number of pain assessment from 62.78% (SD 22.19) to 90.49% (SD 14.07). There was a significant increase of sucrose (00.00 vs 80.62%) and lidocain cream (00.00 vs 78.97%) used. Inter-observer agreement between nurse to evaluate pain using NIPS score, kappa 0.88, p = 0.00. Conclusion: Compliance of pain assessment and management were increased after pain protocol implementation

Mutation of neuron-specific chromatin remodeling subunit BAF53b:rescue of plasticity and memory by manipulating actin remodeling

Recent human exome-sequencing studies have implicated polymorphic Brg1-associated factor (BAF) complexes (mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes) in several intellectual disabilities and cognitive disorders, including autism. However, it remains unclear how mutations in BAF complexes result in impaired cognitive function. Post-mitotic neurons express a neuron-specific assembly, nBAF, characterized by the neuron-specific subunit BAF53b. Subdomain 2 of BAF53b is essential for the differentiation of neuronal precursor cells into neurons. We generated transgenic mice lacking subdomain 2 of Baf53b (BAF53b Delta SB2). Long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) and long-term memory, both of which are associated with phosphorylation of the actin severing protein cofilin, were assessed in these animals. A phosphorylation mimic of cofilin was stereotaxically delivered into the hippocampus of BAF53b Delta SB2 mice in an effort to rescue LTP and memory. BAF53b Delta SB2 mutant mice show impairments in phosphorylation of synaptic cofilin, LTP, and memory. Both the synaptic plasticity and memory deficits are rescued by overexpression of a phosphorylation mimetic of cofilin. Baseline physiology and behavior were not affected by the mutation or the experimental treatment. This study suggests a potential link between nBAF function, actin cytoskeletal remodeling at the dendritic spine, and memory formation. This work shows that a targeted manipulation of synaptic function can rescue adult plasticity and memory deficits caused by manipulations of nBAF, and thereby provides potential novel avenues for therapeutic development for multiple intellectual disability disorders

Optimalisasi Peran Sains dan Teknologi untuk Mewujudkan Smart City

Smart city (kota cerdas) adalah kota yang masyarakatnya mampu mengelola sumber daya dengan efisien, dalam arti “mampu memaksimalkan investasi sumberdaya manusia, transportasi, dan infrastruktur teknologi informasi untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kenyamanan hidup” (Caragliu, Del, & Nijkamp, 2009). Smart city memiliki enam karakteristik, yaitu smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, smart people, smart living, dan smart governance (Albino, Berardi, and Dangelico, 2015). Smart economy adalah pengembangan ekonomi kota yang berorientasi pada upaya untuk menyejahterakan masyarakat melalui upaya meningkatkan kegiatan-kegiatan kewirausahaan, membangun dan meningkatkan semangat produktifitas, melakukan dan meningkatkan upaya-upaya promosi produk-produk lokal, dan melakukan inovasi budaya terkait dengan e-commerce dan e-bussinesss. Smart mobility terkait dengan upaya perbaikan dan peningkatan kualitas infrastruktur, yang lebih menekankan pada aspek aksesibilitas transportasi berbasis telekomunikasi dan informatika sebagai faktor utama untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan daya saing sebuah kota. Smart living terkait dengan paradigma yang mengacu pada efisiensi, efektvitas, dan kepraktisan dalam gaya hidup. Smart people adalah infrastruktur sosial yang terdiri atas modal intelektual dan modal sosial yang sangat diperlukan smart city karena mereka memiliki kemampuan belajar sepanjang hayat, bersikap plural secara sosial dan etnis, fleksibel, kreatif, berfikiran terbuka, dan selalu terlibat dan berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan kemasyarakatan (Nam and Pardo, 2011). Smart governance atau tata kelola pemerintahan yang cerdas merupakan komponen smart city yang sangat penting karena merupakan muara inisiatif kebijakan pengembagan smart city. Aspek-aspek esensial dalam smart govenance antara lain adalah keterlibatan publik dalam pengambilan keputusan dan transparansi pemerintahan serta ketersediaan layanan publik (Ministry of Environment, Sustainable, Development, and Disaster, and Beach Management, 2015). Menurut Prihadi (2016) Optimalisasi Peran Sains dan Teknologi untuk Mewujudkan Smart City 3 standar smart city yang sedang dikembangkan di Indonesia mengacu pada standar internasional tersebut

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Mapping disparities in education across low- and middle-income countries

Analyses of the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017 reveal inequalities across countries as well as within populations. Educational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health(1-3). As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting(4-6). The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness(7,8); however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health(9-11). Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling, across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017. Previous analyses have focused on geographical disparities in average attainment across Africa or for specific countries, but-to our knowledge-no analysis has examined the subnational proportions of individuals who completed specific levels of education across all low- and middle-income countries(12-14). By geolocating subnational data for more than 184 million person-years across 528 data sources, we precisely identify inequalities across geography as well as within populations.Peer reviewe

Burden of injury along the development spectrum : associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. Methods Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate. Results For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced. Conclusions The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum.Peer reviewe

Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are increasingly recognised as global health priorities in view of the preventability of most injuries and the complex and expensive medical care they necessitate. We aimed to measure the incidence, prevalence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for TBI and SCI from all causes of injury in every country, to describe how these measures have changed between 1990 and 2016, and to estimate the proportion of TBI and SCI cases caused by different types of injury. METHODS: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016 to measure the global, regional, and national burden of TBI and SCI by age and sex. We measured the incidence and prevalence of all causes of injury requiring medical care in inpatient and outpatient records, literature studies, and survey data. By use of clinical record data, we estimated the proportion of each cause of injury that required medical care that would result in TBI or SCI being considered as the nature of injury. We used literature studies to establish standardised mortality ratios and applied differential equations to convert incidence to prevalence of long-term disability. Finally, we applied GBD disability weights to calculate YLDs. We used a Bayesian meta-regression tool for epidemiological modelling, used cause-specific mortality rates for non-fatal estimation, and adjusted our results for disability experienced with comorbid conditions. We also analysed results on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index, a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility. FINDINGS: In 2016, there were 27·08 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24·30-30·30 million) new cases of TBI and 0·93 million (0·78-1·16 million) new cases of SCI, with age-standardised incidence rates of 369 (331-412) per 100 000 population for TBI and 13 (11-16) per 100 000 for SCI. In 2016, the number of prevalent cases of TBI was 55·50 million (53·40-57·62 million) and of SCI was 27·04 million (24·98-30·15 million). From 1990 to 2016, the age-standardised prevalence of TBI increased by 8·4% (95% UI 7·7 to 9·2), whereas that of SCI did not change significantly (-0·2% [-2·1 to 2·7]). Age-standardised incidence rates increased by 3·6% (1·8 to 5·5) for TBI, but did not change significantly for SCI (-3·6% [-7·4 to 4·0]). TBI caused 8·1 million (95% UI 6·0-10·4 million) YLDs and SCI caused 9·5 million (6·7-12·4 million) YLDs in 2016, corresponding to age-standardised rates of 111 (82-141) per 100 000 for TBI and 130 (90-170) per 100 000 for SCI. Falls and road injuries were the leading causes of new cases of TBI and SCI in most regions. INTERPRETATION: TBI and SCI constitute a considerable portion of the global injury burden and are caused primarily by falls and road injuries. The increase in incidence of TBI over time might continue in view of increases in population density, population ageing, and increasing use of motor vehicles, motorcycles, and bicycles. The number of individuals living with SCI is expected to increase in view of population growth, which is concerning because of the specialised care that people with SCI can require. Our study was limited by data sparsity in some regions, and it will be important to invest greater resources in collection of data for TBI and SCI to improve the accuracy of future assessments