Amortization of Documents: Infrequent Procedure with Far-reaching Impact

Tento článek zkoumá vybrané problematické aspekty soudobé úpravy řízení o umoření listin, popisuje jejich praktické projevy a navrhuje možná řešení. Autoři se zaměřují zejména na dopad přesunu úpravy do zákona o zvláštních řízeních soudních na povahu řízení a využitelnost některých institutů typických pro sporné řízení, okruh účastníků řízení, podmínky umořitelnosti listin a praktické dopady výsledného usnesení o umoření listiny.This article examines selected problematic aspects of the contemporary regulation of amortization of documents, describes their practical effects and suggests possible solutions. The authors mainly focus on the impact of the transfer of the proceeding’s regulation to the Act on Special Judicial Proceedings on the character of the proceeding and usability of certain institutes typical for contradictory proceedings. The authors further focus on the participants of the proceeding, requirements imposed on the amortized documents and practical impacts of the final ruling act

Umoření listin: ojedinělé řízení s dalekosáhlým dopadem

Tento článek zkoumá vybrané problematické aspekty soudobé úpravy řízení o umoření listin, popisuje jejich praktické projevy a navrhuje možná řešení. Autoři se zaměřují zejména na dopad přesunu úpravy do zákona o zvláštních řízeních soudních na povahu řízení a využitelnost některých institutů typických pro sporné řízení, okruh účastníků řízení, podmínky umořitelnosti listin a praktické dopady výsledného usnesení o umoření listiny

Importance and pedagogical value of Three Sonatas for Two Cellos, Op. 43 by Bernhard Romberg

The Three Sonatas for Two Cellos, Op. 43 by Bernhard Heinrich Romberg were composed as a progressive performance work. The most widely used copy of the work is a C. F. Peters, Leipzig Edition edited by Friedrich Wilhelm Grützmacher. In this edition, the Sonatas are exhaustively marked with fingerings, alternate fingering, dynamics, dynamic changes, glissandi, bowings, bowstrokes and bow placement, accents, tempo changes, moods, and articulations. The combination of Romberg's melodic and pedagogically thought-through compositions and Grützmacher's expert editorial work results in invaluable pedagogical and performance work. Each subsequent sonata presents bigger challenge for a player while each preceding one also serves as a training tool for successful mastering of the following one. The Opus 43 is a set of individually viable sonatas that can stand independently and still serve as useful learning material. Grützmacher's respect for Romberg's style and his clear vision of pedagogical benefits are reflected in logical sequence of fingering and bowing challenges presented in each Sonata. Precise and complete performance markings serve as an essential guiding tool navigating a player towards a successful performance. If learned and performed as a set, the Three Sonatas for Two Cellos, Op. 43 by Bernard Heinrich Romberg are an excellent progressive performance work of the advanced level. The purpose of this analysis is to revive and highlight the importance of Romberg's compositions and Grützmacher's editorial effort and the pedagogical value of a direct teacher-student interaction the Three Sonatas for Two Cellos, Opus 43 represent

Zařízení pro zasouvání trysek do el. pece

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Audiogam measurement with LabView

Práce pojednává o poruchách sluchu, metodách vyšetřování sluchu a hlavně o návrhu audiometru pomocí programu LabView. Naleznete zde kompletní rozbor problematiky, požadavků na audiometry a následnou realizace v programu LabView s podrobným popisem všech prvků a bloků. Taktéž jsou popsána audiometrická sluchátka, která jsou určena pro měření s daným programem, a výsledky měření těchto sluchátek. Nechybí ani návod na kalibraci a na celé vyšetření sluchu pomocí programu Audiometr.The project deals with hearing disorders and examination of hearing and mainly with construct audiometer with the help of sound card and computer program LabView. Thesis describes requirements for audiometers and its realization in LabView with detailed description of all controls and blocks. Headphone for audiometer is also described here, including measurement of its characteristics and calibration. As a part of this project, the manual for calibration and manual for examination of hearing in the program Audiometr is included.

Influence of pressure in the specimen chamber to the conditions of the differential pumping

V práci je nejdříve uvedena a popsána stručně problematika elektronové mikroskopie. Následně jsou v systému SolidWorks vymodelovány tři tvary komory diferenciálního čerpání, u kterých je pomocí systému SolidWorks Flow Simulation provedena analýza čerpání plynu při různých tlacích v komoře vzorku EREM. Výsledky analýzy jsou podrobeny zhodnocení vzhledem k požadavku, aby v dráze svazku primárních elektronů byl co nejnižší tlak z důvodu snížení pravděpodobnosti rozptylu svazku.The paper primarily outlines fundamental issues of electron microscopy. The paper follows with analysing pumping of gas into EREM sample chambers at various pressure levels by using SolidWorks Flow Simulation in SolidWorks system. The results of analyses are assessed with respect to requirements so that the pressure in the track of primarily electrons is as low as possible with the view to reduce probability of its scattering.

A genetics screen highlights emerging roles for CPL3, RST1 and URT1 in RNA metabolism and silencing.

Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a major mechanism regulating gene expression in higher eukaryotes. To identify novel players in PTGS, a forward genetics screen was performed on an Arabidopsis thaliana line overexpressing a strong growth-repressive gene, ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR6 (ERF6). We identified six independent ethyl-methanesulfonate mutants rescuing the dwarfism of ERF6-overexpressing plants as a result of transgene silencing. Among the causative genes, ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE5, SUPERKILLER2 and HASTY1 have previously been reported to inhibit PTGS. Notably, the three other causative genes have not, to date, been related to PTGS: UTP:RNA-URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE1 (URT1), C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE3 (CPL3) and RESURRECTION1 (RST1). We show that these genes may participate in protecting the 3' end of transgene transcripts. We present a model in which URT1, CPL3 and RST1 are classified as PTGS suppressors, as compromisation of these genes provokes the accumulation of aberrant transcripts which, in turn, trigger the production of small interfering RNAs, initiating RNA silencing

Chemoprevention agents for melanoma: A path forward into phase 3 clinical trials

Recent progress in the treatment of advanced melanoma has led to unprecedented improvements in overall survival and, as these new melanoma treatments have been developed and deployed in the clinic, much has been learned about the natural history of the disease. Now is the time to apply that knowledge toward the design and clinical evaluation of new chemoprevention agents. Melanoma chemoprevention has the potential to reduce dramatically both the morbidity and the high costs associated with treating patients who have metastatic disease. In this work, scientific and clinical melanoma experts from the national Melanoma Prevention Working Group, composed of National Cancer Trials Network investigators, discuss research aimed at discovering and developing (or repurposing) drugs and natural products for the prevention of melanoma and propose an updated pipeline for translating the most promising agents into the clinic. The mechanism of action, preclinical data, epidemiological evidence, and results from available clinical trials are discussed for each class of compounds. Selected keratinocyte carcinoma chemoprevention studies also are considered, and a rationale for their inclusion is presented. These data are summarized in a table that lists the type and level of evidence available for each class of agents. Also included in the discussion is an assessment of additional research necessary and the likelihood that a given compound may be a suitable candidate for a phase 3 clinical trial within the next 5 years

XRN 5'→3' exoribonucleases: structure, mechanisms and functions

The XRN family of 5′ → 3′ exoribonucleases is critical for ensuring the fidelity of cellular RNA turnover in eukaryotes. Highly conserved across species, the family is typically represented by one cytoplasmic enzyme (XRN1/PACMAN or XRN4) and one or more nuclear enzymes (XRN2/RAT1 and XRN3). Cytoplasmic and/or nuclear XRNs have proven to be essential in all organisms tested, and deficiencies can have severe developmental phenotypes, demonstrating that XRNs are indispensable in fungi, plants and animals. XRNs degrade diverse RNA substrates during general RNA decay and function in specialized processes integral to RNA metabolism, such as nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), gene silencing, rRNA maturation, and transcription termination. Here, we review current knowledge of XRNs, highlighting recent work of high impact and future potential. One example is the breakthrough in our understanding of how XRN1 processively degrades 5′ monophosphorylated RNA, revealed by its crystal structure and mutational analysis. The expanding knowledge of XRN substrates and interacting partners is outlined and the functions of XRNs are interpreted at the organismal level using available mutant phenotypes. Finally, three case studies are discussed in more detail to underscore a few of the most exciting areas of research on XRN function: XRN4 involvement in small RNA-associated processes in plants, the roles of XRN1/PACMAN in Drosophila development, and the function of human XRN2 in nuclear transcriptional quality control. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: RNA Decay mechanisms