614 research outputs found
The Importance of Disagreeing: Contrarians and Extremism in the CODA model
In this paper, we study the effects of introducing contrarians in a model of
Opinion Dynamics where the agents have internal continuous opinions, but
exchange information only about a binary choice that is a function of their
continuous opinion, the CODA model. We observe that the hung election scenario
still exists here, but it is weaker and it shouldn't be expected in every
election. Finally, we also show that the introduction of contrarians make the
tendency towards extremism of the original model weaker, indicating that the
existence of agents that prefer to disagree might be an important aspect and
help society to diminish extremist opinions.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Comparing Extremism Propagation Patterns in Continuous Opinion Models
We compare patterns of extremism propagation yielded by 4 continuous opinion models, when the main parameters vary, on different types of networks (total connection, random network, lattice). In two models the individuals take into account the uncertainty of their interlocutor, and they show similar patterns, with a higher probability of double extreme convergence than in the other couple of models (in which the interlocutor\'s uncertainty is not taken into account). The addition of noise does not change significantly the results, except that it favours the single extreme convergence in some models. The lattice topology of interactions provides results which are significantly different from the ones obtained with a random network of similar connection density. We identify 3 typical behaviours with a single initial extremist, which help to explain the different results. In particular, we observe that the single extreme convergence is favoured by small shortest paths between all pairs of nodes in the network.Continuous Opinion, Extremism, Convergence Pattern
The role of network topology on extremism propagation with the Relative Agreement opinion dynamics
In (Deffuant et al., 2002), we proposed a simple model of opinion dynamics,
which we used to simulate the influence of extremists in a population.
Simulations were run without any specific interaction structure and varying the
simulation parameters, we observed different attractors such as predominance of
centrism or of extremism. We even observed in certain conditions, that the
whole population drifts to one extreme of the opinion, even if initially there
are an equal number of extremists at each extreme of the opinion axis. In the
present paper, we study the influence of the social networks on the presence of
such a dynamical behavior. In particular, we use small-world networks with
variable connectivity and randomness of the connections. We find that the drift
to a single extreme appears only beyond a critical level of connectivity, which
decreases when the randomness increases.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
Differential Equation Models Derived from an Individual-Based Model Can Help to Understand Emergent Effects
We study a model of primacy effect on individual's attitude. Typically, when receiving a strong negative feature first, the individual keeps a negative attitude whatever the number of moderate positive features it receives afterwards. We consider a population of individuals, which receive the features from a media, and communicate with each other. We observe that interactions favour the primacy effect, compared with a population of isolated individuals. We derive a differential equation system ruling the evolution of probabilities that individuals retain different sets of features. The study of this aggregated model of the IBM shows that interaction can increase or decrease the number of individuals exhibiting a primacy effect. We verify on the IBM that the interactions can decrease the primacy effect in the conditions suggested by the study of the aggregated model. We finally discuss the interest of such a double-modelling approach (using a model of the individual based model) for this application.Primacy Effect, Information Filtering, Agent-Based Model, Aggregated Model, Collective Effects of Interactions, Double-Modelling
The Leviathan model: Absolute dominance, generalised distrust, small worlds and other patterns emerging from combining vanity with opinion propagation
We propose an opinion dynamics model that combines processes of vanity and
opinion propagation. The interactions take place between randomly chosen pairs.
During an interaction, the agents propagate their opinions about themselves and
about other people they know. Moreover, each individual is subject to vanity:
if her interlocutor seems to value her highly, then she increases her opinion
about this interlocutor. On the contrary she tends to decrease her opinion
about those who seem to undervalue her. The combination of these dynamics with
the hypothesis that the opinion propagation is more efficient when coming from
highly valued individuals, leads to different patterns when varying the
parameters. For instance, for some parameters the positive opinion links
between individuals generate a small world network. In one of the patterns,
absolute dominance of one agent alternates with a state of generalised
distrust, where all agents have a very low opinion of all the others (including
themselves). We provide some explanations of the mechanisms behind these
emergent behaviors and finally propose a discussion about their interestComment: Improved version after referees comment
Formation of Languages; Equality, Hierarchy and Teachers
A quantitative method is suggested, where meanings of words, and grammatic
rules about these, of a vocabulary are represented by real numbers. People meet
randomly, and average their vocabularies if they are equal; otherwise they
either copy from higher hierarchy or stay idle. Presence of teachers
broadcasting the same (but arbitrarily chosen) vocabulary leads the language
formations to converge more quickly.Comment: 10 pages, 3 (totally 8) figure
Dialogues Concerning a (Possibly) New Science
The paper relates virtual dialogues about social simulation, with the implicit reference to Galieo\'s \'dialogues concerning two new sciences\'.Social Simulations, Epistemology, Validation, Simulation Methods
Taking into Account the Variations of Neighbourhood Sizes in the Mean-Field Approximation of the Threshold Model on a Random Network
We compare the individual-based \'threshold model\' of innovation diffusion in the version which has been studied by Young (1998), with an aggregate model we derived from it. This model allows us to formalise and test hypotheses on the influence of individual characteristics upon global evolution. The classical threshold model supposes that an individual adopts a behaviour according to a trade-off between a social pressure and a personal interest. Our study considers only the case where all have the same threshold. We present an aggregated model, which takes into account variations of the neighbourhood sizes, whereas previous work assumed this size fixed (Edwards et al. 2003a). The comparison between the aggregated models (the first one assuming a neighbourhood size and the second one, a variable one) points out an improvement of the approximation in most of the value of parameter space. This proves that the average degree of connectivity (first aggregated model) is not sufficient for characterising the evolution, and that the node degree variability has an impact on the diffusion dynamics. Remaining differences between both models give us some clues about the specific ability of individual-based model to maintain a minority behaviour which becomes a majority by an addition of stochastic effects.Aggregate; Individual-Based Model; Innovation Diffusion; Mean Field Approximation; Model Comparison; Social Network Effect
- …