Perfil dos idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência

Aging is a growing population phenomenon. The objective of this study was to know the clinical and nutritional profile of elderly people living in long-term care facilities for elderly people in the city of Goiânia. This is a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 29 elderly people aged 60 years or over. Data collection took place through a sociodemographic and health questionnaire; Mini Nutritional Assessment (MAN) and Geriatric Depression Scale (EDG) from Yesavage. It was found that 65.5% of the elderly were male, 76% single or divorced. Among the clinical comorbidities, the most referred were Systemic Arterial Hypertension followed by Diabetes Mellitus. Most of the elderly people had normal nutritional status and no depression. In this scenario, opportunities were found that value the quality of life and health of the elderly, aspects that need to be maintained.O envelhecimento é um fenômeno populacional crescente. Objetivou-se nesse estudo conhecer o perfil clínico e nutricional de idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência para idosos do município de Goiânia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com amostra composta por 29 idosos de idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde; Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN) e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG) de Yesavage. Constatou-se que 65,5% dos idosos eram do gênero masculino, 76% solteiros ou divorciados. Dentre as comorbidades clínicas, as mais referidas foram Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica seguida de Diabetes Mellitus. A maior parte dos idosos apresentou estado nutricional normal e ausência de Depressão. Nesse cenário foram encontradas oportunidades que prezam pela qualidade de vida e saúde dos idosos, aspectos que precisam ser mantidos

Síndrome compartimental após extravasamento de contraste: Compartment syndrome after contrast extravasation

Introdução: A síndrome compartimental decorrente do extravasamento de contraste pode ter diversas complicações, merecendo atenção para que seja evitada ou uma vez instaurada, tratada. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 65 anos de idade, ex-tabagista, hipertensa e portadora de doença aterosclerótico vascular periférica, em uso de Losartana e AAS. Sofreu queda sobre membro superior esquerdo e foi submetida à Tomografia Computadorizada com contraste iodado que extravasou ocasionando náusea, episódios de vômito e dor, edema, parestesia e prurido local, sendo diagnosticada com síndrome compartimental e tratada com fasciotomia. Discussão: A síndrome compartimental decorre do aumento da pressão em um compartimento osteofascial fechado, diversas podem ser as etiologias da compressão dentre elas o extravasamento de contraste iodado usado em Tomografias Computadorizadas, provocando de alterações cutâneas e comprometendo elementos vasculares, nervos e músculos levando a prejuízo tecidual, demandando intervenção rápida para diminuir a extensão dos agravos através da Fasciotomia associada a aspiração do contraste. Conclusão: A Síndrome compartimental causada por extravasamento de contraste iodado pode ter desfechos locais e sistêmicos severos, assim que feito seu diagnóstico deve ter abordagem definitiva o quanto antes para minimizar suas complicações

Síndrome de Patau: Patau syndrome

Introdução: A Síndrome de Patau, ou trissomia do 13, é um distúrbio autossômico. A principal causa dessa síndrome é a não disjunção do cromossomo 13 durante a primeira divisão meiótica e sua incidência é cerca de 1:20.000 a 25.000. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino,37 anos de idade, natural e procedente de Goiânia/Go,casada e dona de casa.G3P2A0C0 com 33 semanas e 2 dias de gestação.Admitida no hospital das Clínicas de Goiânia com quadro de sangramento vaginal em pequena quantidade e dor em baixo ventre há 2 horas.Negou comorbidades, tabagismo, etilismo e uso de drogas ilícitas. Discussão: A Síndrome de Patau está relacionada a várias malformações, sendo as principais do trato gastrointestinal, sistema nervoso central e cardiopatias. Certas anomalias ou malformações são incompatíveis com a vida, mas alguns casos de trissomia parcial do cromossomo 13 podem ter sobrevida mais longa. Portadores dessa anomalia costumam vir a óbito devido a complicações cardiorrespiratórias. A idade materna avançada é o principal fator de risco. O diagnóstico dessa síndrome pode ser feito por ultrassom obstétrico de qualidade. Conclusão: Logo, nota-se que é primordial que as mulheres realizem o pré-natal adequado. E caso apresentem os fatores de risco é importante o aconselhamento genético pré-natal e pré-concepcional para que a mulher e o feto tenham a assistência adequada

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions