Lo straniero nel distretto del Tribunale di Sorveglianza di Brescia

The essay analyzes the phenomena of foreign National prisoners and their possibility of admission to the application of alternative to imprisonment measures. The aim of this work is to offer a view of this topic, especially regarding the district of Brescia Surveillance Court. First of all, Supreme Court judgments will be analyzed, underlining in particular that the rehabilitative perspective orienting the sanction can’t admit discrimination between regular foreign National sentenced persons from one hand and illegal immigrants offenders, from the other one. Then, the analysis of the most important European Framework Decisions will offer a view of some important instruments that we have to keep in mind talking about the topic of foreign national sentenced people: in particular the Council Framework Decision on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States and the following Decisions establishing the principle of the mutual recognition of judgments in criminal matters and decision of probation and supervision measures. Finally, data-analysis about Brescia Surveillance Court District will be showed, considering foreign national prisoners and their admission to community sanctions and measures. In particular, we have to note that in the whole district, foreign national prisoners are decreasing, such as inmates in general; furthermore the research shows that pre-trial detention is increasing also for strangers. Although the application of alternative to imprisonment measures are increasing, the percentage of foreign national sentenced by a community sanction seems to remain equal. The most applied alternative sanction is, in all the provinces of the analyzed district, the home detention. At last, seems to be helpful to show a pilote research about judgments in the district of Brescia Surveillance Court, that has analyzed a sample composed by 571 persons, in order to identify the principal trend referring to foreign national in prison, in alternative measures and in pre-trial detention in the space considered.L’elaborato analizza il fenomeno degli stranieri in esecuzione penale interna ed esterna, con particolare riguardo al distretto del Tribunale di Sorveglianza di Brescia. Viene anzitutto rilevato, nel tentativo di offrire una rapida disamina del quadro nazionale, come la Cassazione si sia pronunciata a favore dell’ammissione di misure alternative nei confronti dello straniero irregolare, così che lo status di clandestino non possa rappresentare un automatismo che ne provochi l’esclusione: la funzione rieducativa della pena non ammette discriminazioni tra stranieri regolari e clandestini. Vengono poi esaminate alcune decisioni quadro che si ritengono di particolare rilevanza: in particolare la decisione sul mandato d’arresto europeo, che ha tracciato il solco entro il quale si sono poi inserite le successive decisioni del Consiglio concernenti il principio del mutuo riconoscimento delle sentenze emesse dall’Autorità giudiziaria di altro Stato Membro, il quale – inizialmente limitato alle sentenze di condanna a pena detentiva – è stato poi esteso anche all’area delle sanzioni e misure alternative e a quella delle misure sospensive della pena. Infine, ci si concentrerà sull’analisi dei dati relativi alla popolazione reclusa detenuta e in misura alternativa alla detenzione nel Distretto del Tribunale di Sorveglianza di Brescia: nell’ambito territoriale considerato nella sua globalità, la popolazione detenuta straniera appare in diminuzione sia se considerata in termini di valore percentile che di valore assoluto, conformemente a quanto avviene alla generalità della popolazione detenuta; inoltre si registra una diminuzione anche degli stranieri detenuti in forza di una sentenza definitiva. A fronte invece di un generale aumento dell’applicazione alle misure alternative, resta costante la percentuale di stranieri che vi è ammessa. In ogni caso, la sanzione alternativa maggiormente concessa in tutte le province del distretto risulta essere la detenzione domiciliare. In conclusione, viene proposta un indagine sul giudicato del Tribunale di Sorveglianza di Brescia, la realizzazione della quale ha permesso di analizzare i procedimenti concernenti un campione di 571 soggetti

Back-Support Exoskeletons for Occupational Use: An Overview of Technological Advances and Trends

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSMany new occupational back-support exoskeletons have been developed in the past few years both as research prototypes and as commercial products. These devices are intended..

COVID-19 in rheumatic diseases in Italy: first results from the Italian registry of the Italian Society for Rheumatology (CONTROL-19)

OBJECTIVES: Italy was one of the first countries significantly affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. The Italian Society for Rheumatology promptly launched a retrospective and anonymised data collection to monitor COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), the CONTROL-19 surveillance database, which is part of the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. METHODS: CONTROL-19 includes patients with RMDs and proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) updated until May 3rd 2020. In this analysis, only molecular diagnoses were included. The data collection covered demographic data, medical history (general and RMD-related), treatments and COVID-19 related features, treatments, and outcome. In this paper, we report the first descriptive data from the CONTROL-19 registry. RESULTS: The population of the first 232 patients (36% males) consisted mainly of elderly patients (mean age 62.2 years), who used corticosteroids (51.7%), and suffered from multi-morbidity (median comorbidities 2). Rheumatoid arthritis was the most frequent disease (34.1%), followed by spondyloarthritis (26.3%), connective tissue disease (21.1%) and vasculitis (11.2%). Most cases had an active disease (69.4%). Clinical presentation of COVID-19 was typical, with systemic symptoms (fever and asthenia) and respiratory symptoms. The overall outcome was severe, with high frequencies of hospitalisation (69.8%), respiratory support oxygen (55.7%), non-invasive ventilation (20.9%) or mechanical ventilation (7.5%), and 19% of deaths. Male patients typically manifested a worse prognosis. Immunomodulatory treatments were not significantly associated with an increased risk of intensive care unit admission/mechanical ventilation/death. CONCLUSIONS: Although the report mainly includes the most severe cases, its temporal and spatial trend supports the validity of the national surveillance system. More complete data are being acquired in order to both test the hypothesis that RMD patients may have a different outcome from that of the general population and determine the safety of immunomodulatory treatments

Racial differences in systemic sclerosis disease presentation: a European Scleroderma Trials and Research group study

Objectives. Racial factors play a significant role in SSc. We evaluated differences in SSc presentations between white patients (WP), Asian patients (AP) and black patients (BP) and analysed the effects of geographical locations.Methods. SSc characteristics of patients from the EUSTAR cohort were cross-sectionally compared across racial groups using survival and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results. The study included 9162 WP, 341 AP and 181 BP. AP developed the first non-RP feature faster than WP but slower than BP. AP were less frequently anti-centromere (ACA; odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, P < 0.001) and more frequently anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies (ATA) positive (OR = 1.2, P = 0.068), while BP were less likely to be ACA and ATA positive than were WP [OR(ACA) = 0.3, P < 0.001; OR(ATA) = 0.5, P = 0.020]. AP had less often (OR = 0.7, P = 0.06) and BP more often (OR = 2.7, P < 0.001) diffuse skin involvement than had WP.AP and BP were more likely to have pulmonary hypertension [OR(AP) = 2.6, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.7, P = 0.03 vs WP] and a reduced forced vital capacity [OR(AP) = 2.5, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.4, P < 0.004] than were WP. AP more often had an impaired diffusing capacity of the lung than had BP and WP [OR(AP vs BP) = 1.9, P = 0.038; OR(AP vs WP) = 2.4, P < 0.001]. After RP onset, AP and BP had a higher hazard to die than had WP [hazard ratio (HR) (AP) = 1.6, P = 0.011; HR(BP) = 2.1, P < 0.001].Conclusion. Compared with WP, and mostly independent of geographical location, AP have a faster and earlier disease onset with high prevalences of ATA, pulmonary hypertension and forced vital capacity impairment and higher mortality. BP had the fastest disease onset, a high prevalence of diffuse skin involvement and nominally the highest mortality

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements