Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) in Dray Land Area of Central Tigray, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in two drought infected  woredas of central zone of tigray, namly tanqua abergalle and qola tembien in 2015. The over all objective of the appraisal to identify the major couse of the drought and coping up strategies in study area .For this study we taking samples two from each woreda . The kebelle taking sample from tanqou abergelle and qola tembien are agbe, embarfael , dabano,and simret respectively. The study were critically identified  the major couse of the problems with their  solution

Demonstration of Improved Sesame Varieties (Sesamum indicum L.) with Improved Production Technologies on Small Scale Farms at Qola Tebmien and Tanqua Abergelle Destrict, Ethiopia

The demonstration was conducted in low land samre, nebar hanet, S/samre and Dabao, Q/Tembienagbe woreda. S/samre and Q/Tembienagbe woreda is found in the S/east and  central zone of Tigray regional state respectively.Ten interested farmers were selected from two location  in collaboration with extension workers. All demonstration plots was fertilized uniformly with 50 kg Urea and 100 kg Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). Full dose of P was applied at planting time and  half of N was applied at first weeding(7-14) days and the remaining half was side dressed at second weeding(30-35) days. All other cultural practices were applied as per standard recommendations for the crop. During farmers’ field assessment, farmers were evaluating the performance of the technology with researcher by comparing with local practice in terms of  management practices, days to maturity and yield. Accordingly, the average yield of humera-1 was 5.063 qt/ha than setit-1(4qt/ha) and  local 3.5qt/ha. Due to that humera-1 is more interested and accepted by farmers, so  this should be scaled out in to other similar agro-ecology of the area. Keywords: demonstration, improved technology of sesame and yiel

Demonstration of Improved Variety of Onion (Bombay Red) with Improved Production Technology at T/Abergelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

The demonstration was conducted at Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre at agbe irrigation scheme in 2015 cropping seasons. It was carried out at farmers’ land with one improved variety (bobay red) Vs local cultivar with uniform management practice were used to compare. The parameter recorded from this action are bulb yield (qt/ha) and maturity date. In this demonstration the highest yield was recoded from the improved variety bombay red (285.7ql/ha) but local with equal management practice gives low yield(228.6ql/ha) and in terms of maturity also bombay red has early  mature (121) days but local takes (135) days to mature. At this movement, farmers were taking knowledge about the variety and improved management practice. Just they saw the performance of these onion varieties in yield production and they understand that they can enhance their income through onion production. Bombay red was the best performing variety rather than local. Therefore, bombay red variety will be recommended to popularized to potential for onion and have the same agro ecology. Keywords: Onion variety, Yield and Maturity Dat

Effects of Integrated Soil Fertility Management on Sustainable Crop Production

Maintenance of soil fertility at the economically optimal level with appropriate   source of fertilizers combination is essential for sustainable crop production. Hence, different soil fertility amendment options have been done with different fertilizers sources. Application of biogas and NP fertilizer rate ware among the amendment practices considered for both sole and inter cropping system. Application of biogas slurry significantly increased mean grain yield of maize. Sole application of biogas slurry at higher rate improved soil structure, maintained and increased the nutrient  reserves of the soil .Grain yield of maize –haricot  been inter cropping system were significantly increased with application of each and integrated use of NP fertilizers and farm yard manure. Integrated application had a significant change in ameliorating soil fertility. Interaction of N-P and FYM fertilizers significantly increased grain yield components of the crops. Higher grain yields of maize and climbing been was obtained from sole cropping compared to inter cropping. Integrated use of N-P and farm yard manure fertilizers was offer sustainable production of maize climbing been inter cropping system. Higher mean grain yield of fababean and field pean were from none rhizobium strain treated compared to the treated one indicating presence effective strains in soils of the area both legumes produces for many years. Keywords: Biogas slurry, NP fertilizer, FYM

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Demonstration of Improved Sesame Varieties with Improved Production Technologies on Small Scale Farms at Qola Tebmien and Tanqua Abergelle destrict, Tigray, Ethiopia

The demonstration was conducted to select a candidate variety in moisture stress growing area during2015croping season. A total of two improved variety plus one local cultivar were planted at two moisture stress testing environment. It executed in low land samre nebar hanet, S/samre and Dabao, Q/Tembienagbe woreda. S/samre and Q/Tembienagbe woreda is found in the S/east and  central zone of Tigray regional state respectively.Ten interested farmers were selected from each location in collaboration with extension workers. Each farmers have a quarter of land(1/4ha)for the testing technology. All demonstration plots(1/4ha) was fertilized uniformly with 50 kg Urea and 100 kg Diammonium Phosphate (DAP). Full dose of P was applied at planting time and  half of N was applied at first weeding(7-14) days and the remaining half was side dressed at second weeding(30-35) days. All other cultural practices were applied as per standard recommendations for the crop. During farmers’ field assessment, farmers were evaluating the performance of the technology with researcher by comparing with local practice in terms of  management practices, days to maturity and yield. Accordingly, the average yield of humera-1 was 5.125 qt/ha in dabano kebelle and 5qt/ha in nebar hadnet than setit-1(4qt/ha)in both locations and  local 3.5qt/ha the same result in both locations. Due to that humera-1 is more interested and accepted by farmers, so  this should be scaled out in to other similar agro-ecology of the area. Keywords: demonstration, improved technology of sesame and yiel

Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries

The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children

MAPPING LOCAL PATTERNS OF CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT AND WASTING IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES BETWEEN 2000 AND 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic