Determinação da curva característica do número de Euler e do coeficiente global de troca térmica de uma nova configuração de ciclone / Determination of the Euler number characteristic curve and the overall heat exchange coefficient of a new cyclone configuration

Ciclones são equipamentos normalmente utilizados na separação de partículas de uma corrente gasosa. Devido à sua geometria, o movimento do gás é turbulento, apresentando comportamento fluidodinâmico complexo, o que aumenta a viabilidade de utilização do ciclone como equipamento de mistura e troca térmica. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivos propor uma nova configuração de ciclone que promova maior troca térmica fluido-parede possível e determinar a curva característica, número de Euler e o coeficiente global de troca térmica da nova família de ciclone. Os resultados indicaram que a nova família de ciclone apresentava as seguintes proporções geométricas: (Do/Dc)= 0,21; (Lc/Dc) = (Sc/Dc) = 4,23; (Di/Dc) = 0,125; (Zc/Dc) = 2,67 e (Du/Dc) = 0,17. O ciclone proposto apresentou curva característica que corrobora com a literatura, em que a queda de pressão aumenta com incrementos na vazão de ar. O número de Euler apresentou valores entre 594052 e 49918. O coeficiente global de transferência de calor apresentou valores na faixa de 0,96 a 15,94 W/(m2°C). Portanto, o regime fluidodinâmico no interior do ciclone, associado à área útil de troca térmica, promoveu uma transferência de calor satisfatória entre as paredes do equipamento e o gás no escoamento interno

SUStentar: Estímulo à responsabilidade social em saúde para estudantes da rede pública de Joinville/SC

O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) estende-se por todo território nacional, assegurando a acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde para as diversas esferas sociais, promovendo inúmeras ações nos territórios que visam à prevenção, promoção e reabilitação em saúde, além do acesso integral aos cuidados. Nesse sentido, dentre as assistências proporcionadas pelo SUS, há o Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) que tem por objetivo viabilizar a articulação entre saúde e educação, propiciando vínculo com os alunos e oportunizando aos estudantes maior conhecimento sobre os serviços ofertados pelo SUS. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo teve como objetivo sensibilizar estudantes do 8º ano do ensino fundamental da rede pública de ensino de Joinville/Santa Catarina sobre a importância do SUS, seus direitos e deveres com relação à saúde. Trata-se de um relato de experiência do projeto denominado “SUStentar” desenvolvido pela Liga Acadêmica de Saúde Coletiva do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (LASCIF), em uma escola estadual localizada na cidade de Joinville/SC, que atende cerca de 950 estudantes na faixa etária 6 a 18 anos. O projeto “SUStentar” foi organizado em quatro etapas, sendo elas, articulação ensino serviço, planejamento da ação, ação e avaliação. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram que os estudantes conseguiram obter novos conhecimentos sobre o SUS, bem como seus princípios e redes de acesso, compreendendo seus direitos como usuários do Sistema. Os métodos utilizados durante as realizações das oficinas mostraram-se positivos e proveitosos pelos estudantes, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de um pensamento mais crítico relacionado à saúde, especificamente ao SUS. Palavras-chave: Participação Social; Promoção da Saúde; Educação em Saúde; Ensino Fundamental SUStentar: Stimulus to social responsibility in the health for students from public schools at Joinville/SC Abstract:  The Unified Health System (SUS) extends throughout the national territory, ensuring accessibility to health services for the various social spheres and promoting numerous actions in the territories aimed at the prevention, promotion, and rehabilitation of health and access integral to care. In this sense, among the assistance provided by the SUS, there is the Health at School Program (PSE), which aims to facilitate the articulation between health and education, providing a bond with students and providing students with greater knowledge about the services offered by the SUS. In this perspective, this study aimed to sensitize students in the 8th year of elementary school in public schools in Joinville/Santa Catarina about the importance of the SUS, their rights, and their duties regarding health. The article is an experience report of the project called “SUStentar,” developed by the Academic League of Collective Health of the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (LASCIF), in a state school located in the city of Joinville/SC that serves about 950 students, in the age group 6 to 18 years. The “SUStentar” project was organized in four stages: teaching-service articulation, action planning, action, and evaluation. The study results showed that the students could obtain new knowledge about the SUS, as well as its principles and access networks, understanding their rights as users of the System. The methods used during the workshops were positive and valuable for the students, contributing to developing more critical thinking related to health, specifically the SUS. Keywords: Social Participation; Health Promotion; Health Education; Elementary Schoo

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality : methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Background While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.Peer reviewe

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Numerical-experimental evaluation of cooling of environments by a cyclonic-psychrometric system

Thermal comfort is a necessity present in many environments such as houses, stores, and public spaces, especially in a tropical country like Brazil that has well defined dry periods, which are mainly characterized by high temperature the low relative humidity. Hot, dry air causes a thermal cooling effect when it interacts with some structure dampened with water – psychrometric effect – due to the evaporation of the fluid that absorbs latent heat in the process. In ideal conditions, thermal decays of up to 18ºC can be obtained in the structure, depending on the observed temperature and relative humidity values. Thus, this dissertation proposes and experimentally investigates a sustainable and low energy consumption air conditioning system by combining the potentiality of dry air with the characteristics of the flow within a cyclone covered with a wet fabric structure. For this purpose, a new cyclone geometry was proposed to enhance the heat transfer between fluid and walls. The new cyclone family with 0.2627 m² of surface area was satisfactory for application in thermal exchange phenomena, since it presented convective coefficients of heat transfer ranging between 37.6 and 56.9 W/(m²°C) and Euler numbers between 1525 and 2821. The proposed cyclonic-psychrometric system provided thermal decays in the fluid between 3.9 and 13.1°C, whereas the system achieved an average thermal efficiency of 60.5%. The results also indicated that the water consumption to maintain tissue humidification is relatively low, in which about 16.02 g of liquid is needed to cool 1 m³ of air flowing through the cyclone. The numerical simulations indicated that, in 15 minutes, a cyclonic-psychrometric system consisting of 10 cyclones can provide a reduction of up to 7.0ºC in a room of 20.0 m² during a hot day (32.0ºC) at a relative humidity of 20.0%. Energy balances and economic analysis showed that the electric power consumed by the proposed system would represent only 19.8% of the power required by a conventional 18,000 Btu air conditioner to promote the same reduction of temperature. This energy-saving would certainly have a direct and positive impact on the user’s budget, especially those with low income and who live in dry and remote regions.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoDissertação (Mestrado)O conforto térmico é uma necessidade presente em muitos ambientes como casas, comércios e espaços públicos, especialmente em um país tropical como o Brasil que tem períodos de seca bem definidos, caracterizado principalmente pela alta temperatura e baixa umidade relativa do ar. Ar quente e seco provoca um efeito térmico de resfriamento quando interage com alguma estrutura umedecida com água – efeito psicrométrico – devido à evaporação da água que absorve calor latente no processo. Em condições ideais, decaimentos térmicos de até 18ºC podem ser obtidos na estrutura, dependendo dos valores de temperatura e umidade relativa observados. Assim, esta dissertação propõe e investiga experimentalmente um sistema de climatização sustentável e de baixo consumo energético mediante a combinação da potencialidade do ar seco com as características do escoamento em ciclones revestidos por uma estrutura de tecido umedecida. Para tanto, uma nova configuração de ciclone foi proposta para potencializar a troca de calor entre fluido e parede. A nova família de ciclone com 0,2627 m² de área superficial mostrou-se satisfatória para aplicação em fenômenos de troca térmica, uma vez que apresentou coeficientes convectivos de transferência de calor variando entre 37,6 e 56,9 W/(m²°C) e números de Euler entre 1525 e 2821. O sistema ciclônico-psicrométrico proposto proporcionou decaimentos térmicos no fluido entre 3,9 e 13,1°C, enquanto o sistema atingiu uma eficiência térmica média de 60,5%. Os resultados também indicaram que o consumo de água para manter a umidificação do tecido é relativamente baixo, em que cerca de 16,02 g de líquido são necessários para resfriar 1 m³ de ar que escoa pelo ciclone. Previsões numéricas indicaram que, em 15 minutos, um sistema ciclônico-psicrométrico constituído por 10 ciclones pode proporcionar uma redução de até 7,0ºC em uma sala de 20,0 m² durante um dia quente (32,0ºC) a uma umidade relativa de 20,0%. Balanços de energia e análises econômicas mostraram ainda que a potência elétrica a ser consumida pelos acessórios do resfriamento ciclônico-psicrométrico representaria apenas 19,8% da potência elétrica requerida por um aparelho de ar-condicional convencional de 18000 BTU para realizar a mesma redução de temperatura. Tal economia certamente teria um impacto direto e positivo no orçamento dos usuários, especialmente para aqueles de menor renda ou que vivem em regiões secas e remotas.2024-08-0

"A quem serve o Graal?" Um estudo sobre a classificação ideológica dos partidos políticos através de seus projetos de lei na Alergs (2003 a 2006)

Contando com um sistema partidário recente, altamente fragmentado, de frágil enraizamento social, organizado em um sistema federativo caracterizado por significativas disparidades regionais, a democracia brasileira é frequentemente questionada em virtude da inconsistência ideológica e programática de seus partidos. A dificuldade de enquadramento do caso brasileiro aos padrões analíticos utilizados em democracias já consolidadas acaba por superestimar sua instabilidade e preconizarsua inviabilidade. Este artigo visa resignificar a importância da dimensão ideológica na ação dos partidos políticos brasileiros. Ao invés de ouvir o que os partidos têm a dizer de si mesmos, pretendemos classificá-los ideologicamente através de sua atuação parlamentar. Livres dos constrangimentos que o período eleitoral engendra, os partidos políticos podem revelar sua faceta mais conservadora, clientelista, liberal ou socialista. Como resultado, estruturamos uma metodologia de análise do posicionamento ideológico dos partidos através dos projetos de lei apresentados por suas lideranças à Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul, contribuindo assim para repensar a velha dicotomia esquerda-direita à luz de algumas evidências empíricas

“A quem serve o Graal?”: um estudo sobre a classificação ideológica dos partidos políticos através de seus projetos de lei na Alergs (2003 a 2006) = “Who is being served by the Grail?”: a study on the ideological classification of political parties through their bills in Alergs (2003 to 2006)

Contando com um sistema partidário recente, altamente fragmentado, de frágil enraizamento social, organizado em um sistema federativo caracterizado por significativas disparidades regionais, a democracia brasileira é frequentemente questionada em virtude da inconsistência ideológica e programática de seus partidos. A dificuldade de enquadramento do caso brasileiro aos padrões analíticos utilizados em democracias já consolidadas acaba por superestimar sua instabilidade e preconizar sua inviabilidade. Este artigo visa resignificar a importância da dimensão ideológica na ação dos partidos políticos brasileiros. Ao invés de ouvir o que os partidos têm a dizer de si mesmos, pretendemos classificá-los ideologicamente através de sua atuação parlamentar. Livres dos constrangimentos que o período eleitoral engendra, os partidos políticos podem revelar sua faceta mais conservadora, clientelista, liberal ou socialista. Como resultado, estruturamos uma metodologia de análise do posicionamento ideológico dos partidos através dos projetos de lei apresentados por suas lideranças à Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul, contribuindo assim para repensar a velha dicotomia esquerda-direita à luz de algumas evidências empírica