LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL E POLÍTICA DE DESCENTRALIZAÇÃO DA GESTÃO AMBIENTAL NO TERRITÓRIO DO RECÔNCAVO DA BAHIA

O estado da Bahia, no intuito de reduzir os impactos ambientais dos empreendimentos, buscou, pela Resolução n.o 3.925/09 do seu Conselho Estadual de Meio Ambiente (Cepram), implementar a política de descentralização da gestão ambiental, ou Programa de Gestão Ambiental Compartilhada (GAC), para fortalecer a gestão ambiental dos órgãos municipais de meio ambiente. Este estudo buscou analisar o processo de licenciamento ambiental nos municípios do Recôncavo da Bahia. A pesquisa apresenta-se de natureza qualitativa, utilizando entrevistas semiestrutradas realizadas durante as visitas técnicas ocorridas nos sete municípios com competência para licenciar suas próprias atividades. Foi possível identificar que os municípios que aderiram a essa política conquistaram poucos avanços. Os requisitos exigidos para adesão ao programa foram se perdendo, resultado da ausência de fiscalização do órgão estadual que não avaliou periodicamente o seu desenvolvimento em cada município, ocasionando uma precarização das ações voltadas à manutenção do meio ambiente local. Conclui-se que é necessária a revisão dos processos adotados, com fluxos definidos em todas as esferas e atendendo ao termo de cooperação técnica, para o melhor controle do uso dos recursos naturais e as premissas do pacto federativo. Palavras-chave: Gestão ambiental compartilhada; Licenciamento ambiental; Política ambiental

Estudo da percepção ambiental como ferramenta de sensibilização à redução da caça de animais silvestres na Reserva Florestal Mata de Cazuzinha, Cruz das Almas-BA

Objetivou-se avaliar a percepção ambiental dos moradores do entorno da Reserva Florestal Mata de Cazuzinha, na cidade de Cruz das Almas, BA, relativo às questões de caça nessa área protegida. O foco da pesquisa foi centralizado na entrevista de 32 moradores do entorno desta área, a qual permitiu avaliar a percepção dos mesmos em relação à caça, mediante a observação de campo e aplicação de questionários e entrevistas semiestruturados. Os resultados permitem apontar uma redução drástica das atividades referentes a caça e captura de animais na reserva. Aproximadamente metade da comunidade acredita que os responsáveis por essas atividades sejam os jovens e adultos. A diversão foi apontada como ser a causa principal de caçar animais na mata, e mesmo não sendo a favor desta, uma significativa parcela da amostra justifica essa atividade quando se mostrar necessária à sobrevivência da família. No que tange à legalidade desta prática, a maioria dos moradores caracterizam a caça como ato ilegal. Conclui-se que a falta de supervisão e fiscalização que reprima a destruição de habitats e a insuficiência das abordagens da educação ambiental, evidencia necessidade de maiores investimentos por parte do poder público para a preservação da fauna e demais recursos naturais

Environmental education and citizenship in a prison environment: results of a study with inmates in Portugal

Inspirado no Conselho da Europa, que defende que a população carcerária tenha acesso a programas de educação e formação, integrado no modelo pedagógico adaptado por Moreira (2017) e testado por Dias-Trindade e Moreira (2019) em estabelecimentos prisionais portugueses e procurando dar resposta à necessidade de atender a uma população habitualmente excluída e crescente, este estudo apresenta os resultados de um projeto que explorou, através de um ambiente híbrido de aprendizagem, a relação entre ambiente e cidadania entre os reclusos de um Estabelecimento Prisional na região do Porto (Portugal) no início de 2020. Os resultados, de teor qualitativo, permitiram definir alguns balizadores de imagens mentais e posicionamentos pessoais, fundamentados em metodologias anteriormente testadas por Doménech, López e Velasco (2011) e Moreira e Dias-Trindade (2020). Conclui-se que dinâmicas complementares desenvolvidas nestes ambientes de aprendizagem podem contribuir tanto na aquisição de conhecimentos como de competências cidadãs associadas à relação Homem-Natureza.Inspired by the Council of Europe that defends that the prison population should have access to education and training programs, integrated in the pedagogical model adapted by Moreira (2017) and tested by Dias-Trindade and Moreira (2019) in Portuguese prisons and seeking to respond to the need to serve a sometimes excluded and growing population, this study presents the results of a project that explored, through a hybrid learning environment, the relationship between environment and citizenship among inmates from a prison in Porto (Portugal), in early 2020. The results, of qualitative content, allowed to define some beacons of mental images and personal positions, based on methodologies previously tested by Doménech and colleagues (2011) and Moreira and Dias-Trindade (2020). It is concluded that complementary dynamics, developed in these learning environments can contribute to the acquisition of knowledge, as well as citizen skills associated with the relationship between Man and Nature.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia