110 research outputs found

    The conserved arginine 380 of Hsp90 is not a catalytic residue, but stabilizes the closed conformation required for ATP hydrolysis

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    Hsp90, a dimeric ATP‐dependent molecular chaperone, is required for the folding and activation of numerous essential substrate “client” proteins including nuclear receptors, cell cycle kinases, and telomerase. Fundamental to its mechanism is an ensemble of dramatically different conformational states that result from nucleotide binding and hydrolysis and distinct sets of interdomain interactions. Previous structural and biochemical work identified a conserved arginine residue (R380 in yeast) in the Hsp90 middle domain (MD) that is required for wild type hydrolysis activity in yeast, and hence proposed to be a catalytic residue. As part of our investigations on the origins of species‐specific differences in Hsp90 conformational dynamics we probed the role of this MD arginine in bacterial, yeast, and human Hsp90s using a combination of structural and functional approaches. While the R380A mutation compromised ATPase activity in all three homologs, the impact on ATPase activity was both variable and much more modest (2–7 fold) than the mutation of an active site glutamate (40 fold) known to be required for hydrolysis. Single particle electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering revealed that, for all Hsp90s, mutation of this arginine abrogated the ability to form the closed “ATP” conformational state in response to AMPPNP binding. Taken together with previous mutagenesis data exploring intra‐ and intermonomer interactions, these new data suggest that R380 does not directly participate in the hydrolysis reaction as a catalytic residue, but instead acts as an ATP‐sensor to stabilize an NTD‐MD conformation required for efficient ATP hydrolysis.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92411/1/2103_ftp.pd

    Identification of target antigens of anti-endothelial cell and anti-vascular smooth muscle cell antibodies in patients with giant cell arteritis: a proteomic approach

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    International audienceABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Immunological studies of giant cell arteritis (GCA) suggest that a triggering antigen of unknown nature could generate a specific immune response. We thus decided to detect autoantibodies directed against endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the serum of GCA patients and to identify their target antigens. METHODS: Sera from 15 GCA patients were tested in 5 pools of 3 patients' sera and compared to a sera pool from 12 healthy controls (HCs). Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity was analysed by 2-D electrophoresis and immunoblotting with antigens from human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and mammary artery VSMCs. Target antigens were identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Serum IgG from GCA patients recognised 162 ± 3 (mean ± SD) and 100 ± 17 (mean ± SD) protein spots from HUVECs and VSMCs, respectively, and that from HCs recognised 79 and 94 protein spots, respectively. In total, 30 spots from HUVECs and 19 from VSMCs were recognised by at least two-thirds and three-fifths, respectively, of the pools of sera from GCA patients and not by sera from HCs. Among identified proteins, we found vinculin, lamin A/C, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2, annexin V and other proteins involved in cell energy metabolism and key cellular pathways. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that most identified target antigens interacted with growth factor receptor-bound protein 2. CONCLUSIONS: IgG antibodies to proteins in the proteome of ECs and VSMCs are present in the sera of GCA patients and recognise cellular targets that play key roles in cell biology and maintenance of homeostasis. Their potential pathogenic role remains to be determined

    Fully automated, sequential tilt-series acquisition with Leginon

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    Electron tomography has become a uniquely powerful tool for investigating the structures of individual cells, viruses, and macromolecules. Data collection is, however, time consuming and requires expensive instruments. To optimize productivity, we have incorporated one of the existing tilt-series acquisition programs, UCSF Tomo, into the well-developed automatic electron microscopy data collection package Leginon to enable fully automatic, sequential tilt-series acquisition. Here we describe how UCSF Tomo was integrated into Leginon, what users must do to set up a data collection session, how the automatic collection proceeds, how archived data about the process can be accessed and used, and how the software has been tested

    Disability, fatigue, pain and their associates in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: the European Scleroderma Observational Study

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    Objectives; Our aim was to describe the burden of early dcSSc in terms of disability, fatigue and pain in the European Scleroderma Observational Study cohort, and to explore associated clinical features. Methods; Patients completed questionnaires at study entry, 12 and 24 months, including the HAQ disability index (HAQ-DI), the Cochin Hand Function Scale (CHFS), the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-fatigue and the Short Form 36 (SF36). Associates examined included the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), current digital ulcers and internal organ involvement. Correlations between 12-month changes were also examined. Results; The 326 patients recruited (median disease duration 11.9 months) displayed high levels of disability [mean (S.D.) HAQ-DI 1.1 (0.83)], with ‘grip’ and ‘activity’ being most affected. Of the 18 activities assessed in the CHFS, those involving fine finger movements were most affected. High HAQ-DI and CHFS scores were both associated with high mRSS (ρ = 0.34, P < 0.0001 and ρ = 0.35, P < 0.0001, respectively). HAQ-DI was higher in patients with digital ulcers (P = 0.004), pulmonary fibrosis (P = 0.005), cardiac (P = 0.005) and muscle involvement (P = 0.002). As anticipated, HAQ-DI, CHFS, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy and SF36 scores were all highly correlated, in particular the HAQ-DI with the CHFS (ρ = 0.84, P < 0.0001). Worsening HAQ-DI over 12 months was strongly associated with increasing mRSS (ρ = 0.40, P < 0.0001), decreasing hand function (ρ = 0.57, P < 0.0001) and increasing fatigue (ρ = −0.53, P < 0.0001). Conclusion; The European Scleroderma Observational Study highlights the burden of disability in early dcSSc, with high levels of disability and fatigue, associating with the degree of skin thickening (mRSS). Impaired hand function is a major contributor to overall disability

    Treatment outcome in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: the European Scleroderma Observational Study (ESOS).

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    OBJECTIVES: The rarity of early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) makes randomised controlled trials very difficult. We aimed to use an observational approach to compare effectiveness of currently used treatment approaches. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational cohort study of early dcSSc (within three years of onset of skin thickening). Clinicians selected one of four protocols for each patient: methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), cyclophosphamide or 'no immunosuppressant'. Patients were assessed three-monthly for up to 24 months. The primary outcome was the change in modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). Confounding by indication at baseline was accounted for using inverse probability of treatment (IPT) weights. As a secondary outcome, an IPT-weighted Cox model was used to test for differences in survival. RESULTS: Of 326 patients recruited from 50 centres, 65 were prescribed methotrexate, 118 MMF, 87 cyclophosphamide and 56 no immunosuppressant. 276 (84.7%) patients completed 12 and 234 (71.7%) 24 months follow-up (or reached last visit date). There were statistically significant reductions in mRSS at 12 months in all groups: -4.0 (-5.2 to -2.7) units for methotrexate, -4.1 (-5.3 to -2.9) for MMF, -3.3 (-4.9 to -1.7) for cyclophosphamide and -2.2 (-4.0 to -0.3) for no immunosuppressant (p value for between-group differences=0.346). There were no statistically significant differences in survival between protocols before (p=0.389) or after weighting (p=0.440), but survival was poorest in the no immunosuppressant group (84.0%) at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may support using immunosuppressants for early dcSSc but suggest that overall benefit is modest over 12 months and that better treatments are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02339441

    Carnival, Calypso and Dancehall Cultures: Making the Popular Political in Contemporary Caribbean Writing

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    Hypovitaminose C et précarité (étude prospective à la Permanence d'AccÚs aux Soins de Santé du CHU de Nantes)

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    Propos : Ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, des cas de scorbut ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crits principalement dans certaines populations Ă  risque. La prĂ©valence et les facteurs de risque d'hypovitaminose C parmi les patients rĂ©pondant aux critĂšres de prĂ©caritĂ© et consultant dans les PASS sont largement mĂ©connus et probablement sous-estimĂ©s du fait du manque d'Ă©tudes disponibles concernant cette population. MĂ©thode : Pendant une pĂ©riode de 10 semaines, nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© un questionnaire, recherchĂ© les signes cliniques de scorbut et dĂ©terminĂ© les taux d'ascorbĂ©mie et d'autres variables biologiques nutritionnelles chez 30 patients consultant Ă  la PASS du CHU de Nantes, inclus au hasard, devant bĂ©nĂ©ficier d'un bilan biologique dans leur prise en charge. Objectif : L'objectif principal de l'Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer la prĂ©valence de l'hypovitaminose C dans la population prĂ©caire consultante Ă  la PASS afin d'Ă©tablir le possible lien entre le caractĂšre prĂ©caritĂ© et l'hypovitaminose C. RĂ©sultats : Les patients inclus Ă©taient reprĂ©sentatifs de la population habituelle de la PASS, jeune, majoritairement masculine et Ă©trangĂšre. La prĂ©valence de l'hypovitaminose C (taux sĂ©rique infĂ©rieur Ă  26 ĂŠmol/l) Ă©tait de 37%. A cause de la petite taille de l'Ă©chantillon, l'Ă©tude bivariĂ©e n'a pu mettre en Ă©vidence qu'un seul facteur prĂ©dictif significatif : la sĂ©cheresse oculaire. La rĂ©gression logistique a montrĂ© que l'isolement social, les signes cliniques de scorbut et la carence en folates augmentaient probablement le risque d'hypovitaminose C. Aucune autre corrĂ©lation n'a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablie entre l'hypovitaminose et les diffĂ©rentes variables recherchĂ©es. Cependant certaines situations pourraient favoriser l'hypovitaminose C : isolement social, Ă©thylisme chronique, signes cliniques de scorbut, dĂ©nutrition clinique et/ou biologique et syndrome inflammatoire. Conclusion : L'hypovitaminose C est frĂ©quente chez les patients prĂ©caires consultant Ă  la PASS. La taille de l'Ă©chantillon a limitĂ© la mise en Ă©vidence de facteurs prĂ©dictifs significatifs. Il convient d'ĂȘtre vigilant devant certaines situations : sĂ©cheresse oculaire, isolement social, Ă©thylisme chronique, signes cliniques de scorbut, dĂ©nutrition clinique et/ou biologique et syndrome inflammatoire.NANTES-BU MĂ©decine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Nouvelles approches pharmacologiques expérimentales ciblant la voie RhoA/Rho kinase dans l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire

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    L hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) est une maladie rare mais grave. Idiopathique, ou associée à certaines conditions, l HTAP se caractérise par une obstruction progressive des artÚres pulmonaires distales. La physiopathologie de l HTAP est complexe: dysfonction endothéliale, vasoconstriction artérielle, prolifération des cellules musculaires lisses (CML) de la média, thromboses in situ, fibrose et inflammation. Les mécanismes moléculaires de ces processus sont multiples et encore mal compris.La petite protéine G RhoA et son effecteur Rho kinase sont impliqués dans la pathogénie de l HTAP car elles régulent les propriétés de contraction et de prolifération de la CML vasculaire. La sérotonine (5-HT), agent mitogénique et constricteur de la CML d artÚre pulmonaire, et son transporteur (5-HTT) sont également impliqués dans l HTAP.Cette thÚse décrit l intéraction entre la voie 5-HT/5-HTT et la voie RhoA/Rho kinase dans l HTAP chez l homme. Dans les poumons de patients avec HTAP, l activation de RhoA/Rho kinase ainsi que la sérotonylation de RhoA, par transamination, ont été observées. In vitro, la prolifération, induite par la 5-HT, de CML d artÚre pulmonaire met en jeu le 5-HTT et la voie RhoA/Rho kinase.Par ailleurs, nous avons testé la metformine, antidiabétique oral de la famille des biguanides, dans l hypertension pulmonaire expérimentale chez le rat. En traitement préventif et curatif, la metformine a amélioré les paramÚtres hémodynamiques et les lésions de remodelage de l hypertension pulmonaire. L origine de l effet thérapeutique est multiple: amélioration de la fonction endothéliale, inhibition de la prolifération des CML d artÚre pulmonaire, inhibition de la vasoconstriction. Les effets s expliquent au moins en partie par une inhibition de la voie RhoA/Rho kinase, possiblement médiée par l activation de l AMPK.Nos travaux ont contribué à l analyse du rÎle et de la régulation de la voie de signalisation RhoA/Rho kinase dans l HTAP et ont permis d identifier une nouvelle approche pharmacologique dans cette maladieNANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Prise en charge médico-sociale à la consultation Jean Guillon (PASS du CHU de Nantes) (analyse de 159 patients réorientés auprÚs d'un médecin traitant sur une période de 2 ans)

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    Le Centre Jean Guillon est une consultation mĂ©dico-sociale crĂ©Ă©e dans le cadre de la PASS du CHU de Nantes. Il assure un accĂšs primaire aux soins pour des patients en situation de prĂ©caritĂ©. Une prise en charge sociale permet d'obtenir une couverture de santĂ© adĂ©quate si leur situation le permet. Chaque semaine une rĂ©union pluridisciplinaire Ă©value certains patients. Lorsque les facteurs de stabilitĂ©s sociale et mĂ©dicale sont prĂ©sents, le patient est rĂ©orientĂ© vers le systĂšme mĂ©dicale de ville. 159 patients ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© de cette rĂ©insertion dans le systĂšme de droit commun sur 2 annĂ©es Ă©tudiĂ©es (2001 2002). Une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective des informations sociales dĂ©mographiques mĂ©dicales ainsi qu'une enquĂȘte menĂ©e auprĂšs des patients nous a permis d'Ă©valuer certains critĂšres sur l'efficacitĂ© de cette rĂ©orientation. L'analyse des causes d'Ă©chec nous fait proposer des mesures concrĂštes auprĂšs de l'Ă©quipe du Centre Jean Guillon, des patients eux-mĂȘmes et du mĂ©decin traitant choisit par le patient, afin d'amĂ©liorer la finalitĂ© de cette prise en charge mĂ©dico-sociale de la PASS.NANTES-BU MĂ©decine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    La consultation médico-sociale Jean Guillon du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes (bilan en 2004 aprÚs 5 ans d'activité)

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    Une étude rétrospective des données démographiques, administratives, sociales, infirmiÚres et médicales concernant l'année 2004 a été effectuée. Il a été également réalisé une étude rétrospective concernant ces données pour les années 2000 à 2003. Les différentes données ont été ensuite comparées afin de déterminer l'évolution de l'activité de la consultation médico-sociale du CHU de Nantes. L'activité de la consultation a évolué depuis sa création du fait de l'évolution des caractéristiques des patients pris en charge. Les patients de nationalité étrangÚre représentent aujourd'hui la majorité des patients suivis au sein de la consultation Jean Guillon. Les pathologies prises en charge sont celle de la précarité et de la vie dans la rue. Le bon fonctionnement d'une telle structure passe par un travail pluridisciplinaire et fait intervenir un réseau d'interlocuteur tant interne qu'externe au CHU de Nantes. La consultation médico-sociale Jean Guillon est la composante principale du dispositif PASS du CHU de Nantes et une composante essentielle dans l'offre de soins pour les patients en situation de précarité sur Nantes et sa région.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
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