Nephritis in the dog

This thesis consists of two parts. The first is a clinical and pathological description of the different types of nephritis in the dog; the second is a study of experimental interstitial nephritis. Part I A study of the different types of nephritis in the dog. The 178 cases encountered in this survey were classified on a histopathological basis. 74% more interstitial nephritis, 11% glomerulonephritis and allied conditions, 5% embolic or pyaemic nephritis and 10% pyelonephritis. Section 1 Interstitial nephritis. These cases have been further classified into acute and chronic. 20% were associated with other diseases. Acute nephritis was more prevalent among the younger animals while chronic nephritis was present among the older ones. The incidence was three times higher in the male than in the female. Most, if not all breeds appear to be susceptible. Schuffner tests indicated that all acute cases gave agglutination titres of 1 in 10,000 or higher, while chronic cases gave low titres of 1 in 3,000 or lower to Leptospira canicola. 32% of the chronic cases gave negative titres. Hametological examination revealed an increase in the oxythrocyte sedimentation rate with the chronicity of the illness. No evidence of an anaemia was seen in the acute cases, while 45% of the chronic ones showed evidence of a secondary anaemia mainly of the macrocytic type. A leucocytosis accompanied by a neutrophilia was observed in 90% of the acute and 52% of the chronic forms. Biochemical investigations revealed that 100% of the acute and 97% of the chronic cases showed a retention of nitrogen in the blood. Low urine levels were seen in 33% of the acute and 95% of the chronic cases. All cases with low urine urea levels were associated with an azotaemia. Microscopically the cellular reaction of predominantly mononuclear cells of the lymphocytic and the plasma cell series in acute cases suggest a local immune reaction rather than an inflammatory response. The effect of the cellular reaction appeared to be one of tubular compression and destruction. Chronic cases are characterized by fibrosis of the interstitial tissue while the cellular reaction is less marked. This probably represents a later stage of the immune reaction. The disease had progressed to produce an osteodystrophia fibrosa in 10% of the cases of interstitial nephritis. The bony changes were clinically manifested as "rubber jaw". These cases had a severe chronic interstitial nephritis and a marked hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Section 2 Glomorulonephritis and allied conditions 11% of the cases showed primarily a glomerular lesion and were comprised of 1.7% nodular glomerulonephritis, 2.8% both primary and secondary amyloidosis, 3.9% glomerulonephritis of the amyloid type and 2.8% glomerular lipidosis. In nodular glomerulonephritis a solid nodulation of the capillary tuft was the characteristic lesion and these cases were associated with a marked proteinuria. Renal amyloidosis was associated with s massive proteinuria. Secondary amyloidosis occurred secondary to a tuberculous infection. There exists a type of lesion morphologically similar to renal amyloidosis which differs in its negative metachromatic reaction to methyl violet. These were termed glomerulonephritis of the amyloid type. A fatty nodule formed of foam cells were present in the capillary tuft in glomerular lipidosis. Unlike the above types this lesion were associated with a mild proteinuria. Section 3 Embolic or pyaemic nephritis 5% cases showed a suppurative nephritis. They were associated with suppurative lessions a haematogenic mode of infection was inferred. Section 4 Pyelonephritis 10% cases showed a pyelonephritis. The mode of infection on gross and microscopic evidence appeared to be haematogenous. All cases were associated with a concurrent infection. Obstruction in the urinary tract both partial and complete plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Eschrochia coli was isolated from a number of cases. One case of tuberculous pyelonephritis is reported. Typical tuberculous lesions present in the kidney. Unlike interstitial nephritis due to L. canicola the renal lesion in cases of embolic and pyelonephritis is a true inflammatory response characterised by the infiltration of the interstitium by inflammatory cells. Part II Experimental interstitial nephritis 9 pups were inoculated with a suspension of L. canicola. All animals developed agglutinins but showed individual variations. High titres were attained within a fortnight but lasted for about three weeks after which the titres gradually fall. The leptospiraemic phase occurred within the first four days after inoculation. This phase was characterised by an elevation of temperature and also the absence of circulating antibodies. The leucocytosis observed was mild to moderate. The renal lesions produced were mild focal ones, they resembled the naturally occurring ones. No lesions were demonstrable in two instances. Attempts to produce severe lesions within the dosage range employed failed

Automated grain size measurements from airborne remote sensing for long profile measurements of fluvial grain sizes

Recent research has demonstrated that image processing can be applied to derive surficial median grain size data automatically from high-resolution airborne digital imagery in fluvial environments. However, at the present time, automated grain size measurement is limited to the dry exposed bed areas of the channel. This paper shows that the application area of automated grain size mapping can be extended in order to include the shallow wetted areas of the channel. The paper then proceeds to illustrate how automated grain size measurement in both dry and shallow wetted areas can be used to measure grain sizes automatically for long river lengths. For the present study, this results in a median grain size profile covering an 80 km long river which is constructed from over three million automated grain size measurements

Advances in shape measurement in the digital world

The importance of particle shape in terms of its effects on the behaviour of powders and other particulate systems has long been recognised, but particle shape information has been rather difficult to obtain and use until fairly recently, unlike its better-known counterpart, particle size. However, advances in computing power and 3D image acquisition and analysis techniques have resulted in major progress being made in the measurement, description and application of particle shape information in recent years. Because we are now in a digital era, it is fitting that many of these advanced techniques are based on digital technology. This review article aims to trace the development of these new techniques, highlight their contributions to both academic and practical applications, and present a perspective for future developments

The 1915 anti-Moor pogrom and ethno-religious violence in Ceylon, 1853-1915

The 1915 anti-Moor pogrom was the first major episode of popular ethno-religious violence in Ceylon. Between 29 May and 6 June 1915, Sinhalese-led violence targeted Moors (the largest Muslim ethnic group in Ceylon), and included murders, rapes, assaults, attacks on mosques and homes, and the destruction of over 4,000 shops. The spectre of ‘1915’ has in the last decade received renewed attention in the context of escalating anti-Muslim violence in Sri Lanka (Ceylon was renamed in 1972). Why did this violence take place between Sinhalese and Moors? In my thesis, I re-open this neglected chapter in Ceylon’s history, critically re-examine the deeper roots of ethno-religious violence between Sinhalese and Moors, and present a historical narrative of cycles of intolerance and victimisation. I explore the role of colonial policies and discourse in bringing ethno-religious groups into conflict with each other, and reassess certain positions taken in the existing historiography on the pogrom, as well as popular narratives on the outbreak, spread and aftermath of the pogrom. I then examine the colonial state’s failure to pre-empt this violence in 1915 and its harsh belated suppression of the violence. My research uncovers a longer-term history of ethno-religious violence and investigates the ethnic and religious sensibilities and identities that crystalised from the mid-nineteenth century onwards. To do so, I repeatedly shift lenses from the microscopic, to the local, to the global, in analysing Sinhalese-Moor contestation in the religious, economic, and social spheres, and the clash between indigenous practices and colonial legislation. In my treatment of the 1915 pogrom, I locate the violence within the global context (the Islamic revival, and later, the First World War for example), and shed light on broader historiographical questions pertaining to the history of British colonialism in Ceylon

The 1915 anti-Moor pogrom and ethno-religious violence in Ceylon, 1853-1915

The 1915 anti-Moor pogrom was the first major episode of popular ethno-religious violence in Ceylon. Between 29 May and 6 June 1915, Sinhalese-led violence targeted Moors (the largest Muslim ethnic group in Ceylon), and included murders, rapes, assaults, attacks on mosques and homes, and the destruction of over 4,000 shops. The spectre of ‘1915’ has in the last decade received renewed attention in the context of escalating anti-Muslim violence in Sri Lanka (Ceylon was renamed in 1972). Why did this violence take place between Sinhalese and Moors? In my thesis, I re-open this neglected chapter in Ceylon’s history, critically re-examine the deeper roots of ethno-religious violence between Sinhalese and Moors, and present a historical narrative of cycles of intolerance and victimisation. I explore the role of colonial policies and discourse in bringing ethno-religious groups into conflict with each other, and reassess certain positions taken in the existing historiography on the pogrom, as well as popular narratives on the outbreak, spread and aftermath of the pogrom. I then examine the colonial state’s failure to pre-empt this violence in 1915 and its harsh belated suppression of the violence. My research uncovers a longer-term history of ethno-religious violence and investigates the ethnic and religious sensibilities and identities that crystalised from the mid-nineteenth century onwards. To do so, I repeatedly shift lenses from the microscopic, to the local, to the global, in analysing Sinhalese-Moor contestation in the religious, economic, and social spheres, and the clash between indigenous practices and colonial legislation. In my treatment of the 1915 pogrom, I locate the violence within the global context (the Islamic revival, and later, the First World War for example), and shed light on broader historiographical questions pertaining to the history of British colonialism in Ceylon.</p

Die Lehre des Buddha und ihre wesentliche Bedeutung

Ramsay G. de S. Wettimuny greift in diesem Buch die wichtigsten und grundlegendsten buddhistischen Lehrbegriffe auf. Auf der Grundlage der Lehrreden (Sutta) wird in kurzen Kapiteln das Wesentliche der Lehre des Buddha dargestellt und auf gängige Verständnisfehler hingewiesen, die der Autor in langen Diskussionen u. a. mit dem bekannten buddhistischen Denker Nanavira Thera herausgearbeitet hat

Determination of fetal sex in cattle by cytologic examination of amniotic fluid

Amniotic fluid smears of bovine fetuses (69 males and 65 females) at various stages of gestation were stained by the Papanicolaou method. Percentage counts of eosinophilic, orangeophilic and cyanophilic cells were determined by examining 500 cells per sample. The cyanophilic cell count was significantly (P < 0.001) higher for the females (37% .+-. 3% to 47% .+-. 3%) than for the males (19% .+-. 2% to 32% .+-. 3%). Significant differences were not recorded with the eosinophilic and the orangeophilic cell counts. The percentage cyanophilic count could therefore be used as a method of prenatal sex determinatio