Transitional Flow Modeling and Application to High-Lift Multi-Element Airfoil Configurations

To enhance its capabilities to handle flows with transition, a Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes solver has been extended with regard to the modeling of transitional flow regions based on transition length models and the intermittency function. Because the full coupling of the solver to an e*-method that predicts the locations of transition onset has not yet been completed, the points of laminar separation are supposed to represent the transition locations in a first step. A method and an algorithm for detecting the laminar separation points are derived, and the intermittency function and two transition length models are implemented and validated for a selected high-lift multi-element test case. The background of the implementation work and the testing of the functionalities of the algorithms are focused on. Details of the implementation, which are consequences of an underlying transition prediction strategy, are outlined. the testing is described and then documented

What Did You Do in the War?

A young Army lawyer has to stop an officer from executing protesting soldiers. Articles, stories, and other compositions in this archive were written by participants in the Mighty Pen Project. The program, developed by author David L. Robbins, and in partnership with Virginia Commonwealth University and the Virginia War Memorial in Richmond, Virginia, offers veterans and their family members a customized twelve-week writing class, free of charge. The program encourages, supports, and assists participants in sharing their stories and experiences of military experience so both writer and audience may benefit

eN Transition Prediction for 3D Wing Configurations using Database Methods and a local, linear Stability Code

A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver, a laminar boundary-layer code and different transition prediction methods for the prediction of Tollmien-Schlichting and cross flow instabilities were coupled in order to perform Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computations of three-dimensional, finite wings with automatic laminar-turbulent transition prediction. The results from computations based on two database methods and a local, linear stability code together with the eN-method are compared for a three-dimensional wing configuration

Human Rights in the EU and the US: Social Worker v. Good Cop?

The EU and the United States are the most important state promoters of human rights and share a common human rights legacy. However, the human rights approaches of the EU and the US display crucial differences in comparison to each other: first, the acceptance of social and economic rights in Europe v. a focus on individual freedom in the US; second, a stricter and harsher law enforcement in the US; and third, the possibility for EU citizens to address international human rights courts and commissions. Values and attitudes explain the transatlantic divide in human rights. The EU emphasizes dignity as the core value underpinning human rights and is more reluctant towards the use of force inside and outside its borders. In the US, negative freedom is the paramount value for justifying human rights and the United States are more willing to use force against criminals, terror suspects and enemies abroad

Taiwan's threatened democracy stays on course: fear of China's dictatorship pushes Taiwan's president to a landslide victory

Presidential and parliamentary elections were held in Taiwan on 11 January 2020. The island is de facto a sovereign state and a consolidated democracy but is claimed by the People's Republic of China. Taiwan's president, Tsai Ing-wen, who has been in power since 2016, and her Democratic Progress Party (DPP) won both elections by a clear majority. The DPP stresses Taiwan's de facto independence. The largest opposi­tion party, Kuomintang (KMT), stands for closer economic cooperation with mainland China. The election campaign was marked by increasing pressure from Beijing on the island and by protests in Hong Kong. Hong Kong serves as a warning to the Taiwanese about what could happen if Taiwan becomes too close to the mainland or even merges with it: The island state could lose its democracy and freedom. (author's abstract

Minimum weight shield synthesis for space vehicles

Minimum weight proton shield synthesis for space vehicle

Transition Prediction and Modeling in External Flows Using RANS-based CFD Codes

Darstellung der Arbeiten und des Entwicklungs- und Anwendungsstandes der Transitionsmodellierung und Transitionsvorhersage in den DLR RANS-Lösern TAU und FLOWer (mit Fokus auf den DLR TAU-Code) in Form eines Übersichtsvortrage

A surface-fitting program for areally- distributed data from the earth sciences and remote sensing

Fortran II program for analysis of data from earth sciences and remote sensin

Influence of Light and Temperature on Gene Expression Leading to Accumulation of Specific Flavonol Glycosides and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica)

Light intensity and temperature are very important signals for the regulation of plant growth and development. Plants subjected to less favorable light or temperature conditions often respond with accumulation of secondary metabolites. Some of these metabolites have been identified as bioactive compounds, considered to exert positive effects on human health when consumed regularly. In order to test a typical range of growth parameters for the winter crop Brassica oleracea var. sabellica, plants were grown either at 400 µmol m-2 s-1 or 100 µmol m-2 s-1 at 10°C, or at 400 µmol m-2 s-1 with 5°C or 15°C. The higher light intensity overall increased flavonol content of leaves, favoring the main quercetin glycosides, a caffeic acid monoacylated kaempferol triglycoside, and disinapoyl-gentiobiose. The higher temperature mainly increased the hydroxycinnamic acid derivative disinapoyl-gentiobiose, while at lower temperature synthesis is in favor of very complex sinapic acid acylated flavonol tetraglycosides such as kaempferol-3-O-sinapoyl-sophoroside-7-O-diglucoside. A global analysis of light and temperature dependent alterations of gene expression in B. oleracea var. sabellica leaves was performed with the most comprehensive Brassica microarray. When compared to the light experiment much less genes were differentially expressed in kale leaves grown at 5°C or 15°C. A structured evaluation of differentially expressed genes revealed the expected enrichment in the functional categories of e.g. protein degradation at different light intensities or phytohormone metabolism at different temperature. Genes of the secondary metabolism namely phenylpropanoids are significantly enriched with both treatments. Thus, the genome of B. oleracea was screened for predicted genes putatively involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. All identified B. oleracea genes were analyzed for their most specific 60-mer oligonucleotides present on the 2 × 105K format Brassica microrray. Expression differences were correlated to the structure-dependent response of flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives to alterations in either light or temperature. The altered metabolite accumulation was mainly reflected on gene expression level of core biosynthetic pathway genes and gave further hints to an isoform specific functional specialization