ASSESSING ILO’S EFFECTIVENESS IN IMPLEMENTING ALLIANCE 8.7 IN UGANDA

Uganda has one of the worst forms of child labour in the world. According to ILO Convention No. 182 (1999), the term Worst Forms of Child Labour means child slavery, human trafficking, dept bondage, child prostitution, drug trafficking, and any works thus harm the children. Child Labour is a complex and multifaceted problem, and addressing it will require sustained efforts from all stakeholders, including government, civil society, private sectors, and international organization such as ILO. However, despite the progress that Uganda has made for the past few years, it all come to a major meltdown when the Covid-19 leads the spike number of child labour. The study assesses the ILO's effectiveness in implementing Alliance 8.7 in Uganda to combat forced labour and child labour. Key indicators of success include reducing the number of child labour exploitation, enforcing labour inspections, and enhancing stakeholder coordination. The data shown by Uganda Bureau of Statistic resulted in the increase in child labour from 2018 to 2021 by approximately 201.48%. This has becomes the major backdown for stating that ILO has been effectively implement Alliance 8.7 in Uganda. Promising progress has been observed in raising awareness and supporting victims by providing the finance assistance or technical assistance, but challenges due to resource constraints, socio-cultural factors, and the COVID-19 pandemic hinder full realization. The study contributes insights for policymakers and international organizations aiming to combat labour exploitation in Uganda and similar contexts. Continued research and efforts are recommended to sustain positive outcomes and overcome challenges.

X-ray Investigation of Microstructure and Properties Evolution on Superalloy Inconel-718 derivative during Rapid Joule Heating and Severe Plastic Deformation Concurrently

The purpose of this study is to X-ray line-profile analysis of the effect of rapid Joule heating and severe plastic deformation concurrently on microstructure and properties evolution in polycrystalline austenitic Fe-balanced superalloy EP718E, which is Inconel 718 derivative. The microstructure of superalloy at different stages of processing was examined by X-ray diffraction, by scanning electron microscopy, and by energy dispersive spectrometry techniques. The mechanical properties of evolution were studied by means of tension and high cycle fatigue testings. The results of X-ray study show that the intensity, raw areas, and net areas were a step–by–step changed according to processing routines. Is shown that under shear stress the fcc-crystallites were deformed and the peaks parameters by 2-Theta scale changed partly

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Photoluminescence of spray pyrolysis deposited ZnO nanorods

Photoluminescence of highly structured ZnO layers comprising well-shaped hexagonal rods is presented. The ZnO rods (length 500-1,000 nm, diameter 100-300 nm) were grown in air onto a preheated soda-lime glass (SGL) or ITO/SGL substrate by low-cost chemical spray pyrolysis method using zinc chloride precursor solutions and growth temperatures in the range of 450-550°C. We report the effect of the variation in deposition parameters (substrate type, growth temperature, spray rate, solvent type) on the photoluminescence properties of the spray-deposited ZnO nanorods. A dominant near band edge (NBE) emission is observed at 300 K and at 10 K. High-resolution photoluminescence measurements at 10 K reveal fine structure of the NBE band with the dominant peaks related to the bound exciton transitions. It is found that all studied technological parameters affect the excitonic photoluminescence in ZnO nanorods

Comparison of multifractal parameters of surface defects and non-defects

In this study, three different materials (pure tungsten and two tungsten alloys with Fe and Ni dopants), which have been irradiated with a high-temperature deuterium plasma of 20, 25 and 100 plasma shots, are considered. The multifractal characteristics obtained from SEM images are then compared for the same specimens by analysing the distribution of defects and non-defects (non-damaged areas). A valid tendency was found that the brighter the original input image, the more accurate the results obtained when examining a non-damaged surface using multifractal characteristics

A method for producing conductive graphene biopolymer nanofibrous fabrics by exploitation of an ionic liquid dispersant in electrospinning

Owing to its high conductivity, graphene has been incorporated into polymeric nanofibers to create advanced materials for flexible electronics, sensors and tissue engineering. Typically, these graphene-based nanofibers are prepared by electrospinning synthetic polymers, whereas electrospun graphene-biopolymer nanofibers have been rarely reported due to poor compatibility of graphene with biopolymers. Herein, we report a new method for the preparation of graphene-biopolymer nanofibers using the judicious combination of an ionic liquid and electrospinning. Cellulose acetate (CA) has been used as the biopolymer, graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles as the source of graphene and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) as the ionic liquid (IL) to create CA-[BMIM]Cl-GO nanofibers by electrospinning for the first time. Moreover, we developed a new route to convert CA-[BMIM]Cl-GO nanofibers to reduced GO nanofibers using hydrazine vapor under ambient conditions to enhance the conductivity of the hybrid nanofibers. The graphene sheets were shown to be uniformly incorporated in the hybrid nanofibers and only 0.43 wt% of GO increase the conductivity of CA-[BMIM]Cl nanofibers by more than four orders of magnitude (from 2.71× 10−7 S/cm to 5.30 × 10−3 S/cm). This ultra-high enhancement opens up a new route for conductive enhancement of biopolymer nanofibers to be used in smart (bio) electronic devices

Advances in shape measurement in the digital world

The importance of particle shape in terms of its effects on the behaviour of powders and other particulate systems has long been recognised, but particle shape information has been rather difficult to obtain and use until fairly recently, unlike its better-known counterpart, particle size. However, advances in computing power and 3D image acquisition and analysis techniques have resulted in major progress being made in the measurement, description and application of particle shape information in recent years. Because we are now in a digital era, it is fitting that many of these advanced techniques are based on digital technology. This review article aims to trace the development of these new techniques, highlight their contributions to both academic and practical applications, and present a perspective for future developments