Experiência do ensino de computação I: um estudo de caso

This paper describes the automatization process of the Introductory Course of Computer Programming at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The system, called "AMBIENTE " runs under Unix operating system and was designed to have a friendly interface with teachers and students. The problems which led to the solutions used in the "AMBIENTE" system are also described, both from an operational and personal utilization points of view.Este trabalho descreve o processo de automatização do Curso Básico de Computação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. É apresentado o sistema AMBIENTE, que executa sob UNIX e foi concebido para ser uma interface amigável com os estudantes e professores desse curso. São também descritos os problemas que conduziram às soluções que o AMBIENTE proporciona, tanto do ponto de vista operacional quanto de manejo de pessoal

Parkinson's disease patients are able to improve their performance in Xbox Kinect´®s virtual tasks : “a series of cases”

A utilidade dos videogames na reabilitação de pacientes com Doença de Parkinson (PDP) vem sendo demonstrada. Contudo, a discussão sobre a seleção dos jogos utilizados ainda é escassa, embora fundamental para recomendação de seu uso terapêutico. Não foram, até o momento, encontrados estudos sobre a utilização do Xbox Kinect® (XK) na reabilitação de PDP. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as modificações de desempenho de PDP, decorrentes do treino, por meio das mudanças nas pontuações de jogos do XK, em cada sessão. Sete PDP em estágios leve a moderado realizaram 14 sessões de treinamento em quatro jogos previamente selecionados. As pontuações foram registradas para análise da curva de desempenho entre as sessões. Foram feitas análises de variância para medidas repetidas considerando-se um grupo e 14 sessões, seguidas por testes Post Hoc Tukey-Kramer para verificar as diferenças entre as mesmas (p≤ 0.05). Os resultados mostraram que os PDP melhoraram seu desempenho em todos os jogos, porém em momentos diferentes. Concluiu-se que os PDP do presente estudo mostraram capacidade de melhorar o desempenho em jogos do XK, mas que a melhora depende das demandas e da presença de fatores facilitadores da aprendizagem, reforçando a importância da sua escolha com propósito de reabilitação.The utility of videogames in rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson's disease (PPD) has been demonstrated. However, the discussion about the selection of the games used is still scarce, although crucial for the recommendation of its therapeutic use. No studies involving the use of Xbox Kinect® (XK) in the rehabilitation of PPD have been found. The objective of this study was to investigate the PPD modifications of performance through changes in the scores in each session, in different games of XK. Seven PPD in stages from mild to moderate performed 14 training sessions in 4 games selected. The scores were recorded for analysis of the performance curve intersessions. Analyzes of variance for repeated measures were made considering a group and 14 sessions, followed by post hoc Tukey-Kramer tests to verify the differences between sessions (p ≤ 0.05). The results showed that PPD improved their performances in every game but reaching such improvements at different speeds. It was concluded that the ability to improve performance in XK games, in PPD of study, depends on the demands of the games and the presence of factors facilitating learning, emphasizing the importance of the games selection for the purpose of the rehabilitation

Impactos do tabagismo na qualidade de vida dos estudantes de medicina, uma revisão integrativa

Introdução: ao ingressar na universidade, ainda que acarrete sentimentos positivos relacionados aos sonhos e metas dos acadêmicos, às vezes pode se tornar um período difícil, que deixa os discentes vulneráveis para iniciar e/ou manter o uso de drogas psicotrópicas, a despeito do uso de tabaco. Entre os jovens acadêmicos da área da saúde, esse quadro torna-se mais grave devido ao contato emocional próximo a pessoas diferentes e com suas dores particulares. Além, de que o início de uma graduação acarreta um impacto sobre os aspectos psicológicos do indivíduo, por ser algo novo, estressante e cheio de expectativas criadas pelo próprio aluno ou pelos seus familiares. No grupo dos discentes da graduação de medicina, mais especificamente, é grande a coerção para ser um bom profissional diante a sociedade, amigos e familiares fator que contribuiu como desencadeador estressante para tendência ao tabagismo. Objetivo: verificar o tabagismo e afins na população de estudantes, mais restritamente nos discentes da graduação de medicina. Materiais e métodos: o presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, na qual utilizou-se o método PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis), que consiste nas recomendações QUORUM (Quality of Reporting of Meta-Analyses), no qual optou-se por incluir  estudos em português e limitar a busca temporalmente em 2020 a 2023. As bases de pesquisa foram Pubmed, Scielo e Google Scholar, com busca a partir dos descritores controlados e não-controlados do Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e operador boleano “and”. Resultados: encontrou-se um total de 1.300 publicações dispostas da seguinte forma: 185 estudos na plataforma Scielo, 902 artigos no Scholar Google e 226 artigos na Pubmed. O número de estudos incluídos que respondiam a pergunta norteadora do estudo (n=16), destes observou-se maior prevalência do tabagismo no gênero masculino, com maior tendência nos períodos inicais e quedo do uso no ciclo clínico. Em alguns estudos a maioria da amostra mostrava conhecimento sobre os malefícios do tabagismo, mas não se vislumbravam portadores de tais complicações. Conclusão: depreende-se diante dos estudos uma prevalência do tabagismo entre os acadêmicos de medicina de diversas instituições brasileiras. Sendo um fato extremamente preocupante, não só pelos danos que pode causar a sua saúde física e mental, mas também pelo prejuízo no desenvolvimento e na estruturação de habilidades cognitivo-comportamentais e emocionais destes enquanto futuros profissionais da saúde

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030