Análise da efetividade de ações da estratégia de saúde da família do Distrito Federal na detecção precoce e na redução do número de casos com GIF2 de Hanseníase

A hanseníase é uma infecção causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, de curso crônico, que podedeterminar o surgimento de deformidades e incapacidades físicas importantes. Atualmente oBrasil é o segundo país no mundo com maior número de casos. Trata-se, portanto, de umadoença de notificação compulsória e um grave problema de saúde pública. Dentre asprincipais formas de prevenção da doença e dos impactos associados a ela, destacam-se odiagnóstico e o tratamento precoces que, por sua vez, relacionam-se essencialmente com abusca ativa e oportuna de casos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a efetividadede ações da Estratégia de Saúde da Família na detecção precoce e na redução do número decasos com grau 2 de incapacidade física (GIF2) de Hanseníase no Distrito Federal (DF). Foirealizado, portanto, um estudo descritivo e ecológico, a partir de dados secundáriosdisponíveis sobretudo no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) doMinistério da Saúde. Os indicadores avaliados compreendem informações sociodemográficas(sexo, idade, escolaridade eraça/cor) e epidemiológicas (forma clinica, classificaçãooperacional, modo de detecção, baciloscopia e grau de incapacidade física no dagnóstico) doscasos novos de hanseníase notificados nos anos de 2014 a 2019 no DF. Ademais, foi analisadoo número de equipes e a cobertura da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) no DF. Observouseentão que, no período estudado, foram notificados 1145 casos novos de hanseíase no DF,dentre os quais houve a prevalência do sexo masculino, da faixa etária de 30-39 anos e daraça/cor parda. Em relação à escolaridade, foi verificado baixo nível de instrução na maioriados casos. Quanto aos dados epidemiológicos, nota-se o predomínio de casos com a formaclínica dimorfa, multibacilares e com baciloscopia negativa. Entre o total de casos novosnotificados, foi observado grau de incapacidade física no diagnóstico em 36,16% e o principalmodo de detecção foi o encaminhamento. Destaca-se ainda que, entre os anos de 2018 a2019, houve aumento na detecção de casos novos de hanseníase por 100.000 habitantes e naproporção de casos com GIF2 no diagnóstico. No que se refere à cobertura e ao número deequipes da ESF, constatou-se a redução desse serviço de 2018 para 2019. Salienta-se aindaque a ESF foi regulamentada em 2017 no DF, tornando possível a consolidação e a avaliaçãode dados de cobertura apenas a partir de 2018. Desse modo, devido ao pouco tempo deocorrência da ESF, não foi possível estabelecer uma relação significativa entre a efetividadeda ESF e a proporção de casos de hanseníase com GIF2 no diagnóstico. Ainda assim, a análisede dados epidemiológicos sugere queda na qualidade dos serviços prestados às pessoasacometidas e detecção tardia de casos da doença no DF

Zootherapeutics utilized by residents of the community Poço Dantas, Crato-CE, Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Animals have been used as a source of medicine in Brazil since ancient times, and have played a significant role in healing practices. Specifically in Northeast Brazil, zootherapy is a very common practice, and together with medicinal plants, it plays an important role as a therapeutic alternative. In the state of Ceara, no works have been carried out on rural communities with regard to use of zootherapeutics, even though the practice of zootherapy is common in this region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the use of medicinal animals in a rural community (Poco Dantas) in the municipality of Crato, Ceara, Brazil.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The field survey was carried out from October 2008 to January 2009 by conducting interviews using structured questionnaires with 72 people (33 men and 39 women), who provided information on animal species used as remedies, body parts used to prepare the remedies, and ailments for which the remedies were prescribed. We calculated the informant consensus factor (ICF) to determine the consensus over which species are effective for particular ailments, as well as the species use value (UV) to determine the extent of utilization of each species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 29 species, distributed in 17 families were categorized as having some medicinal property. The taxa most represented were: mammals (9), insects (7), reptiles and birds (4). <it>Progne chalybea</it>, a species not previously recorded as being of medicinal use, was cited in the present work, where it is utilized in the treatment of alcoholism. The animals are used in the treatment of 34 diseases or symptoms, where sore throat, inflammations and cough are the ailments with the greatest number of citations.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The data show that zootherapy represents an important therapeutic alternative for the inhabitants of the community. New studies on medicinal fauna should be conducted with the aim of determining the exploitation level of the species utilized, promoting sustainable development of medicinal species that are eventually threatened, and preserving and disseminating the knowledge developed by traditional individuals of the community.</p

Approaches in biotechnological applications of natural polymers

Natural polymers, such as gums and mucilage, are biocompatible, cheap, easily available and non-toxic materials of native origin. These polymers are increasingly preferred over synthetic materials for industrial applications due to their intrinsic properties, as well as they are considered alternative sources of raw materials since they present characteristics of sustainability, biodegradability and biosafety. As definition, gums and mucilages are polysaccharides or complex carbohydrates consisting of one or more monosaccharides or their derivatives linked in bewildering variety of linkages and structures. Natural gums are considered polysaccharides naturally occurring in varieties of plant seeds and exudates, tree or shrub exudates, seaweed extracts, fungi, bacteria, and animal sources. Water-soluble gums, also known as hydrocolloids, are considered exudates and are pathological products; therefore, they do not form a part of cell wall. On the other hand, mucilages are part of cell and physiological products. It is important to highlight that gums represent the largest amounts of polymer materials derived from plants. Gums have enormously large and broad applications in both food and non-food industries, being commonly used as thickening, binding, emulsifying, suspending, stabilizing agents and matrices for drug release in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In the food industry, their gelling properties and the ability to mold edible films and coatings are extensively studied. The use of gums depends on the intrinsic properties that they provide, often at costs below those of synthetic polymers. For upgrading the value of gums, they are being processed into various forms, including the most recent nanomaterials, for various biotechnological applications. Thus, the main natural polymers including galactomannans, cellulose, chitin, agar, carrageenan, alginate, cashew gum, pectin and starch, in addition to the current researches about them are reviewed in this article.. }To the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfíico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for fellowships (LCBBC and MGCC) and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nvíel Superior (CAPES) (PBSA). This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, the Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462) and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) (JAT)

Sustainability Agenda for the Pantanal Wetland: Perspectives on a Collaborative Interface for Science, Policy, and Decision-Making.

Building bridges between environmental and political agendas is essential nowadays in face of the increasing human pressure on natural environments, including wetlands. Wetlands provide critical ecosystem services for humanity and can generate a considerable direct or indirect income to the local communities. To meet many of the sustainable development goals, we need to move our trajectory from the current environmental destructive development to a wiser wetland use. The current article contain a proposed agenda for the Pantanal aiming the improvement of public policy for conservation in the Pantanal, one of the largest, most diverse, and continuous inland wetland in the world. We suggest and discuss a list of 11 essential interfaces between science, policy, and development in region linked to the proposed agenda. We believe that a functional science network can booster the collaborative capability to generate creative ideas and solutions to address the big challenges faced by the Pantanal wetland

A Coffee Berry Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Bibliography

Native to Africa, the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), has gradually invaded most coffee-growing areas worldwide. Adult females colonize the coffee berry and oviposit within galleries in the coffee seeds. Larvae and adults consume the seeds, resulting in drastic reductions in yields and quality, negatively affecting the income of approximately 20 million coffee-growing families (~100 million people) in ~80 countries, with losses surpassing more than $500 million annually (Vega et al. 2015). It has become evident that the coffee berry borer scientific community could greatly benefit from having access to a bibliography of the literature related to the insect. Such an information source would allow scientists to find out what research areas have been explored throughout the many coffee berry borer-infested countries after more than 100 years of research on the topic. It could also help to direct lead future research efforts into novel areas, and away from topics and ideas that have been thoroughly investigated in the past

ATLAS High Level Trigger Infrastructure, ROI Collection and Event Building

We describe the base-line design and implementation of the Data Flow and High Level Trigger (HLT) part of the ATLAS Trigger and Data Acquisition (TDAQ) system. We then discuss improvements and generalization of the system design to allow the handling of events in parallel data streams and we present the possibility for event duplication, partial Event Building and data stripping. We then present tests on the deployment and integration of the TDAQ infrastructure and algorithms at the TDAQ â?pre-seriesâ cluster (~10% of full ATLAS TDAQ). Finally, we tackle two HLT performance issues