477 research outputs found
Spin decay and quantum parallelism
We study the time evolution of a single spin coupled inhomogeneously to a
spin environment. Such a system is realized by a single electron spin bound in
a semiconductor nanostructure and interacting with surrounding nuclear spins.
We find striking dependencies on the type of the initial state of the nuclear
spin system. Simple product states show a profoundly different behavior than
randomly correlated states whose time evolution provides an illustrative
example of quantum parallelism and entanglement in a decoherence phenomenon.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures included, version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Electron spin evolution induced by interaction with nuclei in a quantum dot
We study the decoherence of a single electron spin in an isolated quantum dot
induced by hyperfine interaction with nuclei for times smaller than the nuclear
spin relaxation time. The decay is caused by the spatial variation of the
electron envelope wave function within the dot, leading to a non-uniform
hyperfine coupling . We show that the usual treatment of the problem based
on the Markovian approximation is impossible because the correlation time for
the nuclear magnetic field seen by the electron spin is itself determined by
the flip-flop processes.
The decay of the electron spin correlation function is not exponential but
rather power (inverse logarithm) law-like. For polarized nuclei we find an
exact solution and show that the precession amplitude and the decay behavior
can be tuned by the magnetic field. The decay time is given by ,
where is the number of nuclei inside the dot. The amplitude of precession,
reached as a result of the decay, is finite. We show that there is a striking
difference between the decoherence time for a single dot and the dephasing time
for an ensemble of dots.Comment: Revtex, 11 pages, 5 figure
High-dimensional interior crisis in the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation
An investigation of interior crisis of high dimensions in an extended spatiotemporal system exemplified by the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation is reported. It is shown that unstable periodic orbits and their associated invariant manifolds in the PoincarĂŠ hyperplane can effectively characterize the global bifurcation dynamics of high-dimensional systems.A. C.-L. Chian, E. L. Rempel, E. E. Macau, R. R. Rosa, and F. Christianse
Self-reported health, healthcare service use and health-related needs: A comparison of older and younger homeless people
The number of older homeless people with a limited life expectancy is increasing.
European studies on their healthârelated characteristics are lacking. This study comâ
pared selfâreported health, healthcare service use and healthârelated needs of older and
younger homeless people in the Netherlands. It is part of a cohort study that followed
513 homeless people in the four major Dutch cities for a period of 2.5 years, starting
from the moment they registered at the social relief system in 2011. Using crossâsecâ
tional data from 378 participants who completed 2.5âyear followâup, we analysed differâ
ences in selfâreported health, healthcare service use, and healthârelated needs between
homeless adults aged âĽ50 years (N = 97) and <50 years (N = 281) by means of logistic
regression. Results show that statistically significantly more older than younger homeâ
less people reported cardiovascular diseases (23.7% versus 10.3%), visual problems
(26.8% versus 14.6%), limited social support from family (33.0% versus 19.6%) and
friends or acquaintances (27.8% versus 14.6%), and medical hospital care use in the past
year (50.5% versus 34.5%). Older homeless people statistically significantly less often
reported cannabis (12.4% versus 45.2%) and excessive alcohol (16.5% versus 27.0%) use
in the past month and dental (20.6% versus 46.6%) and mental (16.5% versus 25.6%)
healthcare use in the past year. In both age groups, few people reported unmet healthâ
related needs. In conclusion, compared to younger homeless adults, older homeless
adults report fewer substance use problems, but a similar number of dental and mental
problems, and more physical and social problems. The multiple health problems experiâ
enced by both age groups are not always expressed as needs or addressed by healthcare
services. Older homeless people seem to use more medical hospital care and less nonâ
acute, preventive healthcare than younger homeless people. This vulnerable group
might benefit from shelterâbased or community outreach programmes that proactively
provide multidisciplinary healthcare services
Performance of the First ANTARES Detector Line
In this paper we report on the data recorded with the first Antares detector
line. The line was deployed on the 14th of February 2006 and was connected to
the readout two weeks later. Environmental data for one and a half years of
running are shown. Measurements of atmospheric muons from data taken from
selected runs during the first six months of operation are presented.
Performance figures in terms of time residuals and angular resolution are
given. Finally the angular distribution of atmospheric muons is presented and
from this the depth profile of the muon intensity is derived.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
"Plantar pro gasto": a importância do autoconsumo entre famĂlias de agricultores do Rio Grande do Sul.
O artigo discute a valoração e importância da produção para o autoconsumo na reprodução social das unidades familiares e caracteriza os alimentos autoconsumidos. Vale-se da pesquisa "Agricultura Familiar, Desenvolvimento Local e Pluriatividade" (UFRGS/UFPel/ CNPq-2003) que propiciou a formação de um banco de dados com informaçþes sobre a dinâmica da agricultura familiar em quatro regiþes distintas da geografia gaúcha, suas fontes e tipos de renda, entre estas o autoconsumo. Trazer este debate significa retomar um tema pouco discutido atÊ então, e que, embora marginalizado ou considerado sem importância, desenvolve importante papel como renda não monetåria, fortalece a segurança alimentar e adentra esferas da sociabilidade e identidade social. AlÊm da introdução, apresenta-se o papel do autoconsumo na agricultura familiar, o cålculo da produção para o autoconsumo, discussão dos objetivos e resultados, e consideraçþes finais. Os resultados demonstram que a produção para o autoconsumo Ê uma estratÊgia recorrente pelas unidades familiares e se diferencia de acordo com a dinâmica da agricultura familiar. Diferença esta expressa em valores relativos (%) e no número de estabelecimentos pertencentes a estratos diferenciados de autoconsumo, e pouco nos tipos de alimentos produzidos para este fim, observando-se uma homogeneidade dos håbitos alimentares
Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset
corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected
during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV.
The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the
couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and
right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary
mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b,
leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing
transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W'
boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to
the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for
masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC
data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed
coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant
improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe
Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV
A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The
analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC
from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an
integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross
section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected
exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the
standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The
analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model
Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The
largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is
observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance
of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local
significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is
estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of
this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters
Measurement of the Lambda(b) cross section and the anti-Lambda(b) to Lambda(b) ratio with Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section
ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum
pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7
TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are
based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi
Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and
Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times
the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versus pt(Lambda(b)) falls
faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the
branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06
+/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for
anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are
statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters
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