Videointerpretation als mehrdimensionale Mikroanalyse am Beispiel schulischer Alltagsszenen

'Trotz der beachtlichen Reichweite der Videografie in den Sozialwissenschaften steht eine methodologische Reflexion hinsichtlich der spezifischen Qualität des videografischen Materials und der Methoden der Videoanalyse erst am Anfang. Als ein Verfahren, das sowohl auditive als auch visuelle, auf Körperlichkeit, ikonische Szenerien und Prozesse bezogene 'Daten' konserviert, zeichnet sich die Videografie dadurch aus, die in sozialen Situationen vorzufindende Verschränkung von Sequenzialität und Simultaneität weitgehend zu bewahren. Auf der Grundlage einer empirischen Studie zur Performativität ritueller Praxen von Kindern in der Grundschule wird in dem Beitrag die Methode der Dokumentarischen Videointerpretation als ein mikroanalytisches Verfahren vorgestellt, das neben der Sequenzialität auch explizit die im Material vorzufindende Simultanstruktur berücksichtigt und darauf gerichtet ist, die mehrdimensionale, performative Einbindung der Akteure in konjunktive Erfahrungsräume und in institutionelle Kontexte herauszuarbeiten.' (Autorenreferat)'Despite the extensive and increasing use of video recording in the social sciences, methodological reflection on the particular quality of video material and on the methods of video analysis is still in the early stages of development. Videography allows us to preserve audio as well as visual data, and to record information relating to physical behavior as well as iconic scenery and processes. One of the main advantages of video is that it makes it possible to record both the sequential structure and the simultaneity occurring in social situations. Based on an empirical study concerning the performativity of elementary school children's ritual practices, this article presents documentary video interpretation as a microanalytical method which considers not only sequential structure, but also the structure of simultaneity in video material. The multidimensional, performative involvement of social actors in conjunctive collective practices and institutional contexts is analysed.' (author's abstract

Praktiken der Differenzbearbeitung im Fachunterricht einer integrativen Schule der Sekundarstufe: zur Überlagerung von Schulleistung, Peerkultur und Geschlecht

"Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie im Deutsch- und Mathematikunterricht einer integrativen achten Klasse einer nicht-gymnasialen Schulform Leistung konstruiert und von peerkulturellen, geschlechtsbezogenen Formen überlagert wird. Die dokumentarische Interpretation von Videosequenzen beider Unterrichtsfächer zeigt Prozesse der Inklusion und der Exklusion von SchülerInnen im Unterrichtsgeschehen. Diese stehen im Kontext der expliziten unterrichtlichen Rahmung seitens der Lehrpersonen und daraus resultierender Möglichkeiten der kooperierenden bzw. konkurrierenden Teilhabe, die ihrerseits von den SchülerInnen aufgegriffen und umgearbeitet werden." (Autorenreferat)"The article examines how performance is both constructed and overlaid by peer-cultural, gender-related forms in mathematics and German lessons in an inclusive, lower-level class of a secondary school (non-grammar school). At the same time the documentary interpretation of video sequences of both subjects shows processes of pupil's inclusion and exclusion during classroom activities. These processes are connected to an explicit curricular framing on the part of the teachers and the resulting possibilities of cooperating and competing participation, which in turn are taken up and reworked by the pupils." (author's abstract

'Leistungsdifferenzen' im Unterrichtsmilieu einer inklusiven Schule der Sekundarstufe I in der Schweiz

"Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie 'Leistungsdifferenzen' im Fachunterricht Deutsch einer achten Klasse einer inklusiven, nichtgymnasialen Schulform der deutschsprachigen Schweiz konstruiert und bearbeitet werden. Auf der Basis der dokumentarischen Interpretation von Videoszenen anhand von Fotogramm- und Sequenzanalyse werden Prozesse der Inklusion und der Exklusion spezifischer Schülergruppen im Unterrichtsgeschehen herausgearbeitet. Leistungsdifferenzen werden entlang der Unterscheidung besonders leistungsstark/-schwach konstruiert und bearbeitet sowie individuell zugeschrieben. Die Lehrpersonen rekurrieren ebenso wie die SchülerInnen auf diese Unterscheidung - und ihre unterrichtlichen Praktiken ergänzen einander: Während die Schulische Heilpädagogin 'leistungsschwache' SchülerInnen adressiert, zeigt sich die Deutschlehrerin für das Fortkommen des von ihr initiierten Unterrichtsgeschehens zuständig." (Autorenreferat)"The article investigates in achievement differences constructed in an eighth grade German class of an inclusive school setting, below grammar school-level, within the German speaking part of Switzerland. Based on the methodology of the documentary method we interpreted video scenes and photograms (stills) of class video sequences and reconstructed processes of inclusion and exclusion of specific groups of students. Differences in achievement are constructed along the distinction high/low achieving and are attributed to individual students. Teachers are referring to this difference as well as students: While the Special Education Teacher addresses the low achieving students, the German teacher shows herself responsible for progress in the task she gave the class." (author's abstract

1. Editorial

Das Editorial stellt die Kontur und die Beiträge des Themenhefts zu den dokumentarischen Methoden des Fallarchiv Kindheitspädagogische Forschung vor. DOI 10.18442/06

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Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

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