INCORPORAÇÃO DA ENZIMA β-GALACTOSIDASE (E.E. 3.2.1.23) EM MATRIZ POLIMÉRICA DE ÁGAR

Este trabalho buscou encontrar uma alternativa à produção de produtos sem lactose pela imobilização da enzima β-galactosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.23) comercial (Lactaid ® ) em suporte sólido de ágar para reaproveitamento da enzima em outros substratos até sua inativação. As enzimas dos comprimidos imobilizadas em ágar foram avaliadas quanto à sua atividade catalítica, assim como o tempo deestabilidade, em uma perspectiva de utilização contínua da enzima imobilizada perante 5 mL de solução de lactose 0,006 mol.L -1 . Ao final do trabalho foi observado que a enzima alcança sua atividade máxima em cerca de 7 minutos e mantém sua estabilidade por 6 dias se guardada e refrigerada a 6 ºC

Background of the forum of editors ofeducationjournals of the southern region (2008-2021)

O artigo apresenta o histórico da criação e da estruturação do Fórum de Editores de Periódicos da Área de Educação da Região Sul -Fepae Sul-, bem como seus principais desafios na atualidade. Para a elaboração do histórico, foram consultados registros diversos, memórias pessoais, e-mails, atas, relatórios e outros documentos. No período de 2008 a 2021, o Fepae constituiu-se como um coletivo altamente significativo para a qualificação dos periódicos da área de Educação da Região Sul.The article presents the background of the creation and structuring of the Forum of Editors of Journals on the Education Area of the Southern Region of Brazil-Fepae Sul -as well as its main challenges today. For the elaboration of the background, various records, personal memories, e-mails, minutes, reports and other documents were consulted. In the period from 2008 to 2021, the Fepaewas a highly significant collective for the qualification of the journals of the Education area of the Southern Regio

Divulgando o curso superior bacharelado em agronomia do IFSC Canoinhas no Planalto Norte Catarinense: ações desenvolvidas em 2022

There is a great demand to carry out actions to disseminate the Agronomy Course with the external community of the North Plateau of Santa Catarina. In view of this scenario, the teachers of the Higher Bachelor's Course in Agronomy at the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Campus Canoinhas, submitted and carried out the extension project entitled “Disseminating the Higher Bachelor's Course in Agronomy in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina”, with the objective of carrying out an extension report of the activities and actions developed during the execution of this project. Visits were carried out in high schools to publicize the course, in addition to publicizing third-party seniors in Integrated High School in Buildings and Food at IFSC Canoinhas. In addition to visits to schools, during the National Week of Science and Technology, held on the Canoinhas campus in October 2022, under the coordination of teachers working in the Agronomy Course, several workshops and lectures were offered to the internal and external community. There was also a regional radio interview and publicity in the central square of Canoinhas, SC, during the Cultural Caravan event. With the completion of the extension project, it was possible to develop and execute different actions to publicize the IFSC Canoinhas Agronomy Course, with an emphasis on visits to schools, lectures and workshops held at the IFSC, interviews on radio, and the distribution of folders.Verifica-se grande demanda em realizar ações de divulgação do Curso de Agronomia com a comunidade externa do Planalto Norte Catarinense. Diante desse cenário, os docentes do Curso Superior Bacharelado em Agronomia do Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina – Campus Canoinhas – submeteram e executaram o projeto de extensão intitulado “Divulgando o Curso Superior Bacharelado em Agronomia no Planalto Norte Catarinense”, tendo por objetivo realizar relato de extensão das atividades e das ações desenvolvidas durante a execução deste projeto. Realizou-se visitação em escolas de ensino médio para divulgação do Curso, além de divulgação com os Terceiros anos do Ensino Médio Integrado em Edificações e Alimentos do IFSC Canoinhas. Além das visitas nas escolas, durante a Semana Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, realizada no campus Canoinhas em outubro de 2022, sob a coordenação dos docentes que atuam no Curso de Agronomia, foram oferecidas diversas oficinas e palestras para a comunidade interna e externa. Também ocorreu entrevista em rádio de abrangência regional, e divulgação na praça central de Canoinhas/SC, durante o evento Caravana cultural. Com a realização do projeto de extensão foi possível desenvolver e executar diferentes ações de divulgação do Curso de Agronomia do IFSC Canoinhas, com destaque para visitas em escolas, para palestras e para oficinas realizadas no IFSC, para entrevista em rádios e para distribuição de folders

Tillering as a trait to mitigate damages caused to maize by the main stem defoliation

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se os perfilhos podem mitigar os prejuízos ocasionados pela desfolha do colmo principal em milho. Os experimentos foram implantados em Lages, SC, em 20/10/2006 e 31/10/2008. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas. Na parcela principal, foram testados dois destinos dos perfilhos: manutenção até a colheita e remoção quando o colmo principal apresentava nove folhas expandidas (V9). Nas subparcelas, avaliaram-se quatro épocas de desfolha do colmo principal: V9, V15 (quinze folhas expandidas), VT (pendoamento) e folhas preservadas até a colheita. Avaliou-se o híbrido P30F53, à densidade de 55 mil plantas por hectare. Determinaram-se: a produtividade total, a do colmo principal e a dos perfilhos. As desfolhas realizadas em V15 e VT diminuíram a produtividade, em comparação ao tratamento sem desfolha, independentemente do destino dos perfilhos. Quando o milho foi desfolhado em V15 e VT, a produtividade total das parcelas em que os perfilhos foram mantidos foi maior do que daquelas em que eles foram removidos. Isto indica que os perfilhos foram benéficos ao colmo principal do milho, quando houve restrições à produção de carboidrato oriundas da perda de área foliar próximo do florescimento.The objective of this work was to verify if tillers can mitigate damages caused by the main stem defoliation in maize. The experiments were set up in Lages, SC, Brazil, on 10/20/2006 and 10/31/2008. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots. Two tiller destinations were tested in the main plots: tillers preserved until harvesting, and tillers removed when the main stem had nine expanded leaves (V9). Four main stem defoliation times were assessed in the split plots: V9, V15 (15 expanded leaves), VT (tasseling), and leaf maintenance until harvesting. Hybrid P30F53 was tested at 55 thousand plants per hectare. Total grain yield, tiller grain yield and main stem grain yield were determined. Defoliations performed at V15 and VT decreased total productivity, in comparison to the control, regardless of tiller destination. When the main stem was defoliated at V15 and VT, plots where tillers were kept promoted higher total grain yield than those where tillers were removed. This indicates that tillers were instrumental to maize main stem when there were restrictions to the production of carbohydrates due to leaf area loss close to flowering

Correlação fenotípica e efeitos diretos e indiretos de componentes da parte aérea com a distribuição radicular de feijão-comum

The objective of this work was to estimate the phenotypic correlation and the direct and indirect effects of the aerial part components of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that are associated with root distribution, in order to facilitate the indirect selection for this character. Sixteen genotypes were used, from which 12 are segregating populations in the F6 generation and four are fixed populations, which were conducted in field conditions in a randomized complete block design, with two replicates. The root system evaluation was performed according to Böhm’s method. Pearson’s phenotypic correlation was estimated by the path analysis. The characters stem diameter, leaf area index, first pod set, and root angle showed the highest positive correlations with root distribution and, therefore, may help the indirect selection for this character. The residual effect was higher than the determination coefficient, which indicates that the independent characteristics do not have a total influence on root distribution, and the low values of the determination coefficients can be attributed to environmental effects, competition for nutrients, and to different physiological mechanisms that control the expression of several genes with minor effects.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a correlação fenotípica e os efeitos diretos e indiretos dos componentes da parte aérea do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) que estão associados à distribuição radicular, para facilitar a seleção indireta quanto a este caráter. Utilizaram-se 16 genótipos, dos quais 12 são populações segregantes em geração F6 e quatro populações fixas, conduzidas em campo em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições. A avaliação do sistema radicular foi realizada conforme o método de Böhm. A correlação fenotípica de Pearson foi estimada por meio da análise de trilha. Os caracteres diâmetro de caule, índice de área foliar, inserção da primeira vagem e ângulo de raiz apresentaram as maiores correlações positivas com a distribuição radicular e podem, portanto, auxiliar a seleção indireta quanto a esse caráter. O efeito residual foi superior ao coeficiente de determinação, o que é indício de que as características independentes não têm influência total sobre a distribuição radicular, e os baixos valores dos coeficientes de determinação podem ser atribuídos a efeitos de ambiente, à competição por nutrientes e a diferentes mecanismos fisiológicos que controlam a expressão de vários genes com efeitos menores

The global abundance of tree palms

Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests

Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe