Grammatical Morpheme Acquisition in 4-Year-Olds With Normal, Impaired, and Late-Developing Language

The production of the grammatical morphemes studied by Brown and his colleagues was examined in free speech samples from a cohort of 4-year-olds with a history of slow expressive language development (SELD) and a control group of normal speakers. Results suggest that children with SELD acquire morphemes in an order very similar to that shown in previous acquisition research. Children who were slow to begin talking at age 2 and who continued to evidence delayed expressive language development by age 4 showed mastery of the four earliest acquired grammatical morphemes, as would be expected, based on their MLUs, which fell at Early Stage IV. Four-year-olds with normal language histories produced all but one of the grammatical morphemes with more than 90% accuracy, as would be expected based on their late Stage V MLUs. Children who were slow to acquire expressive language as toddlers, but who caught up in terms of sentence length by age 4 did not differ in MLU from their peers with normal language histories. However, they had acquired fewer of the grammatical morphemes. The implications of these findings for understanding the phenomenon of slow expressive language development are discussed

Riesz potentials and nonlinear parabolic equations

The spatial gradient of solutions to nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations can be pointwise estimated by the caloric Riesz potential of the right hand side datum, exactly as in the case of the heat equation. Heat kernels type estimates persist in the nonlinear cas

Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dan Tingkat Stres terhadap Gangguan Menstruasi pada Mahasiswi Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas Angkatan 2015

Menstruasi adalah proses meluruhnya dinding endometrium yang melibatkan keluarnya darah dari uterus melalui vagina. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi menstruasi adalah kualitas tidur dan stres. Kualitas tidur dan stres meransang aksi hipotalamus pituitary adrenal yang dapat mempengaruhi keseimbangan hormon reporoduksi wanita yang akan berakibat pada gangguan menstruasi. Tujuan peneltitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan kualitas tidur dan tingkat stres terhadap gangguan menstruasi pada mahasiswi prodi kedokteran fakultas kedokteran universitas andalas. Penelitian ini menggunakan analitik asosiatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah simple random sampling dengan total sampel adalah 130 responden sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditentukan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan agustus 2018 hingga februari 2019 menggunakan kuesioner PSQI, DASS 42 dan gangguan menstruasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 72.3% responden mengalami kualitas tidur terganggu, 39.2% mengalami gangguan stres, dan 58.5% mengalami gangguan menstruasi. Hasil analisis kualitas tidur terhadap gangguan menstruasi diperoleh nilai p = 0.027 (p<0.05). Hubungan tingkat stress terhadap gangguan menstruasi didapatkan nilai p = 0.005 (p<0.05). Hasil ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kualitas tidur dan stres terhadap gangguan menstruasi pada mahasiswi angkatan 2015 Prodi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah semakin tinggi angka kejadian gangguan kualitas tidur dan tingkat stres maka akan semakin tinggi angka kejadian gangguan menstruasi. Kata Kunci: Stres, kualitas tidur, gangguan menstruasi, PSQI, DASS 4

P2P TV: Evaluating Content Delivery and User Experience

In this paper, we present findings from empirical studies on end users' experiences of peer-to-peer (P2P) networked television services. To explore the quality of user experience and content consumption in the evolving TV system, we have developed a peer-to-peer social media service prototype, which can be used both with regular home computer networks and on mobile devices, providing users a real pervasive, ambient media experience. Our primary goal is to create an understanding of the factors that shape P2P TV experience as a basis for the future design of NextShare, a peer-to-peer social media service. Through this research, we concluded that P2P technology can provide a reliable mechanism for ingestion of time-based TV program as well as VOD content via the Internet. P2P technology is especially suitable for large media content providers. However, in order to create a real business value out of the service, new, innovative content production models and types need to be developed

Hydrothermal carbonization of pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment sludges - characterization and potential use of hydrochars and filtrates

The pulp and paper industry's mixed sludge represents waste streams with few other means of disposal than incineration. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) could be advantageous for the sludge refinement into value-added products, thus complementing the concept of pulp and paper mills as biorefineries. Laboratory HTC was performed on mixed sludge (at 32% and 15% total solids) at temperatures of 210–250 °C for 30 or 120 min, and the characteristics of the HTC products were evaluated for their potential for energy, carbon, and nutrient recovery. The energy content increased from 14.9 MJ/kg in the mixed sludge up to 20.5 MJ/kg in the hydrochars. The produced filtrates had 12–15-fold higher COD and 3–5-fold higher volumetric methane production than untreated sludge filtrates, even though the methane yield against g-COD was lower. The increased value of the hydrochars in terms of energy content and carbon sequestration potential promote HTC deployment in sludge treatment and upgrading.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits

Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.Peer reviewe

A principal component meta-analysis on multiple anthropometric traits identifies novel loci for body shape

Large consortia have revealed hundreds of genetic loci associated with anthropometric traits, one trait at a time. We examined whether genetic variants affect body shape as a composite phenotype that is represented by a combination of anthropometric traits. We developed an approach that calculates averaged PCs (AvPCs) representing body shape derived from six anthropometric traits (body mass index, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio). The first four AvPCs explain >99% of the variability, are heritable, and associate with cardiometabolic outcomes. We performed genome-wide association analyses for each body shape composite phenotype across 65 studies and meta-analysed summary statistics. We identify six novel loci: LEMD2 and CD47 for AvPC1, RPS6KA5/C14orf159 and GANAB for AvPC3, and ARL15 and ANP32 for AvPC4. Our findings highlight the value of using multiple traits to define complex phenotypes for discovery, which are not captured by single-trait analyses, and may shed light onto new pathways

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

A principal component meta-analysis on multiple anthropometric traits identifies novel loci for body shape

Large consortia have revealed hundreds of genetic loci associated with anthropometric traits, one trait at a time. We examined whether genetic variants affect body shape as a composite phenotype that is represented by a combination of anthropometric traits. We developed an approach that calculates averaged PCs (AvPCs) representing body shape derived from six anthropometric traits (body mass index, height, weight, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio). The first four AvPCs explain >99% of the variability, are heritable, and associate with cardiometabolic outcomes. We performed genome-wide association analyses for each body shape composite phenotype across 65 studies and meta-analysed summary statistics. We identify six novel loci: LEMD2 and CD47 for AvPC1, RPS6KA5/C14orf159 and GANAB for AvPC3, and ARL15 and ANP32 for AvPC4. Our findings highlight the value of using multiple traits to define complex phenotypes for discovery, which are not captured by single-trait analyses, and may shed light onto new pathways.Peer reviewe