Confinement Effects in Antiferromagnets

Phase equilibrium in confined Ising antiferromagnets was studied as a function of the coupling (v) and a magnetic field (h) at the surfaces, in the presence of an external field H. The ground state properties were calculated exactly for symmetric boundary conditions and nearest-neighbor interactions, and a full zero-temperature phase diagram in the plane v-h was obtained for films with symmetry-preserving surface orientations. The ground-state analysis was extended to the H-T plane using a cluster-variation free energy. The study of the finite-T properties (as a function of v and h) reveals the close interdependence between the surface and finite-size effects and, together with the ground-state phase diagram, provides an integral picture of the confinement in anisotropic antiferromagnets with surfaces that preserve the symmetry of the order parameter.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, Accepted in Phys. Rev.

Measurement of the cross section for isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

The dynamics of isolated-photon production in association with a jet in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. Photons are required to have transverse energies above 125 GeV. Jets are identified using the anti- algorithm with radius parameter and required to have transverse momenta above 100 GeV. Measurements of isolated-photon plus jet cross sections are presented as functions of the leading-photon transverse energy, the leading-jet transverse momentum, the azimuthal angular separation between the photon and the jet, the photon–jet invariant mass and the scattering angle in the photon–jet centre-of-mass system. Tree-level plus parton-shower predictions from Sherpa and Pythia as well as next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from Jetphox and Sherpa are compared to the measurements

A search for resonances decaying into a Higgs boson and a new particle X in the XH → qqbb final state with the ATLAS detector

A search for heavy resonances decaying into a Higgs boson (H) and a new particle (X) is reported, utilizing 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at collected during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The particle X is assumed to decay to a pair of light quarks, and the fully hadronic final state is analysed. The search considers the regime of high XH resonance masses, where the X and H bosons are both highly Lorentz-boosted and are each reconstructed using a single jet with large radius parameter. A two-dimensional phase space of XH mass versus X mass is scanned for evidence of a signal, over a range of XH resonance mass values between 1 TeV and 4 TeV, and for X particles with masses from 50 GeV to 1000 GeV. All search results are consistent with the expectations for the background due to Standard Model processes, and 95% CL upper limits are set, as a function of XH and X masses, on the production cross-section of the resonance

Avaliação do comportamento em fadiga de juntas estruturais de ligas de Al2024T3 coladas com adesivo epóxi

Ligas de alumínio são extensamente usadas em partes aeronáuticas devido às boas propriedades mecânicas e baixa densidade. Estas partes devem ser unidas para formar conjuntos maiores. Uma junta estrutural é definida como um segmento de estrutura que provê um meio de transferir carga de um elemento estrutural para outro. A maioria das juntas aeronáuticas é mecanicamente fixada com múltiplos prendedores (parafusos ou rebites). Estas juntas apresentam uma alta concentração de tensões ao redor do prendedor, porque a transferência de carga entre elementos da junta acontece em uma fração da área disponível. Por outro lado, as cargas aplicadas em juntas adesivas são distribuídas sobre toda a área colada e reduz os pontos de concentração de tensão. Juntas são a fonte mais comum de falhas estruturais em aeronaves e quase todos os reparos envolvem juntas. Portanto, é importante entender todos os aspectos de projeto e análise de juntas. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar estaticamente juntas estruturais de ligas de Al2024-T3 em três condições: juntas mecanicamente rebitadas, juntas coladas e uma configuração híbrida rebitada e colada. Foi usada a norma NASM 1312-4 para confecção dos corpos-de-prova. Além disso, foram conduzidos testes de fadiga, sob amplitude de carregamento constante e razão de tensão igual a 0,1 para avaliar a eficiência dos elementos estruturais durante sua vida em serviço. Os resultados mostraram que a configuração híbrida apresenta maior resistência estática e uma vida em fadiga superior à configuração colada.Aluminum alloys are widely used in aeronautical parts due to their good mechanical properties and low densities. These parts must be joined together to form larger assemblies. A structural joint is defined as a segment of structure that provides a means of transferring load from one structural member to another. The majority of aircraft joints are mechanically fastened with multiple fasteners. These joints present a high concentration of stresses around the fastener, because the load transfer between elements of the joint has to take place over a fraction of the available area. By contrast, the applied loads in the adhesive joints are distributed over the entire bonded area and reduce points of stress concentration. Joints are the most common source of structural failures in aircraft and almost all repairs involve joints. Therefore, it is important to understand all aspects of joint design and analysis. The aim of the present work was to perform a comparative evaluation of the structural joints of Al2024-T3 alloy in three conditions: mechanically fastened joint, bonded joints and a hybrid conFiguration of bonded-riveted joint. The Standard Test Method for determining strength properties of mechanically fastened sheet metal lap joints (NASM 1312-4) was used in all specimen conFigurations. Besides, fatigue tests were conducted in specimens under constant amplitude loading at a stress ratio of 0.1 to evaluate the efficiency of the structural elements during their service life. The results showed that when metal-to-metal adhesive bond procedures are used with a mechanically fastened technique, the static strength and fatigue life of the joint will increase.Instituto Tecnológico de AeronáuticaAMR IAE CTAUNESP Departamento de Materiais e TecnologiaUNESP Departamento de Materiais e Tecnologi

A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain

The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Improved methods include new procedures to prepare, image, align, segment, find synapses in, and proofread such large data sets. We define cell types, refine computational compartments, and provide an exhaustive atlas of cell examples and types, many of them novel. We provide detailed circuits consisting of neurons and their chemical synapses for most of the central brain. We make the data public and simplify access, reducing the effort needed to answer circuit questions, and provide procedures linking the neurons defined by our analysis with genetic reagents. Biologically, we examine distributions of connection strengths, neural motifs on different scales, electrical consequences of compartmentalization, and evidence that maximizing packing density is an important criterion in the evolution of the fly’s brain

Ácidos húmicos e carvão vegetal ativado como amenizantes em solo contaminado por chumbo

A contaminação de solos por chumbo representa importante risco à saúde humana, sendo o município de Santo Amaro da Purificação, BA, um dos mais graves casos de contaminação do metal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de ácidos húmicos e carvão vegetal ativado como amenizantes da toxidez de Pb para plantas de milho cultivadas em solo contaminado, coletado próximo à área da metalúrgica responsável pela contaminação. As doses foram estabelecidas com base no teor de C dos materiais (ácidos húmicos de compostagem, ácidos húmicos comerciais e carvão vegetal) e corresponderam a 0; 0,75; 1,5; 3; e 7,5 g kg-1 de C no solo. Ao final de 43 dias de cultivo, as plantas foram coletadas rente ao solo, separadas em parte aérea e raízes e submetidas à digestão nítrico perclórica para determinação de Pb. A fim de avaliar o efeito do metal sobre o aparato fotossintético, os teores de clorofilas a e b foram também avaliados. Os amenizantes aplicados no solo contaminado foram eficientes em diminuir o estresse provocado por Pb nas plantas de milho, sendo a maior eficiência obtida para os ácidos húmicos de compostagem, seguida pelo carvão vegetal e pelos ácidos húmicos comerciais. Todos os amenizantes testados diminuíram a translocação de Pb para a parte aérea das plantas, o que implica em maior fixação do metal no solo, com consequente diminuição dos riscos de transferência à cadeia trófica. Por essa razão, esses amenizantes podem ser recomendados para programas de fitoestabilização de Pb em solos

First genotype-phenotype study in TBX4 syndrome : gain-of-function mutations causative for lung disease

Rationale: Despite the increased recognition of TBX4-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), genotype-phenotype associations are lacking and may provide important insights. Methods: We assembled a multi-center cohort of 137 patients harboring monoallelic TBX4 variants and assessed the pathogenicity of missense variation (n = 42) using a novel luciferase reporter assay containing T-BOX binding motifs. We sought genotype-phenotype correlations and undertook a comparative analysis with PAH patients with BMPR2 causal variants (n = 162) or no identified variants in PAH-associated genes (n = 741) genotyped via the NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases (NBR). Results: Functional assessment of TBX4 missense variants led to the novel finding of gain-of-function effects associated with older age at diagnosis of lung disease compared to loss-of-function (p = 0.038). Variants located in the T-BOX and nuclear localization domains were associated with earlier presentation (p = 0.005) and increased incidence of interstitial lung disease (p = 0.003). Event-free survival (death or transplantation) was shorter in the T-BOX group (p = 0.022) although age had a significant effect in the hazard model (p = 0.0461). Carriers of TBX4 variants were diagnosed at a younger age (p < 0.001) and had worse baseline lung function (FEV1, FVC) (p = 0.009) compared to the BMPR2 and no identified causal variant groups. Conclusions: We demonstrated that TBX4 syndrome is not strictly the result of haploinsufficiency but can also be caused by gain-of-function. The pleiotropic effects of TBX4 in lung disease may be in part explained by the differential effect of pathogenic mutations located in critical protein domains

Observation of photon-induced W⁺W⁻ production in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

This letter reports the observation of photon-induced production of W-boson pairs, γγ→ WW. The analysis uses 139 fb-1 of LHC proton-proton collision data taken at √s=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment during the years 2015-2018. The measurement is performed selecting one electron and one muon, corresponding to the decay of the diboson system as WW→e±νμ∓ν final state. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a significance of well above 5 standard deviations consistent with the expectation from Monte Carlo simulation. A cross section for the γγ→ WW process of 3.13±0.31(stat.)±0.28(syst.) fb is measured in a fiducial volume close to the acceptance of the detector, by requiring an electron and a muon of opposite signs with large dilepton transverse momentum and exactly zero additional charged particles. This is found to be in agreement with the Standard Model prediction