45 research outputs found

    Encadeamentos produtivos e multiplicadores macrossetoriais no Brasil após a abertura comercial

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    Este artigo analisa o processo de desenvolvimento produtivo setorial agregado da economia Brasileira de 1990 a 2015 aplicando os índices de encadeamento produtivo e os multiplicadores setoriais para a produção e emprego, utilizando uma abordagem de Insumo-Produto e mesoeconomia. A geração de linkage effects para uma economia é importante, pois desencadeia uma série de resultados positivos desde que sua estrutura esteja interligada e seja capaz de causar spillovers. Assim, a pesquisa pretende contribuir para as discussões acerca das temáticas relativas ao crescimento macrossetorial da economia brasileira explorando o processo de crescimento produtivo como uma ferramenta essencial das relações de produção, demanda e crescimento tecnológico. Os resultados apontam que a estrutura produtiva da economia brasileira não evoluiu na direção de criação e desenvolvimento de encadeamentos produtivos consolidados e os multiplicadores de produção e de emprego diminuíram em grande parte dos setores considerados

    Mudança estrutural do emprego na Bahia: dinâmica econômica e transformações produtivas recentes

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    Este artigo busca discutir a evolução da participação do trabalho na economia baiana, através de uma análise da produtividade e rendimentos do trabalho a partir dos anos 2000. Para tanto, utilizou-se como proxy de produtividade os valores adicionados brutos (VAB’s) da produção setorial sobre a população ocupada de cada setor. Além disso, a discussão perpassa por fatores como o fraco desempenho educacional baiano e o rendimento real do trabalho por setor produtivo. Ressalta-se que o baixo nível educacional e de renda se constituem em grandes empecilhos para o desenvolvimento da economia baiana deixando de contribuir com movimentos capazes de refletir na qualidade da estrutura ocupacional, ganhos de rendimentos salariais, de bem-estar, dentre outros. Conclui-se que o emprego formal na Bahia pouco evoluiu em termos de produtividade e o rendimento real dos salários voltou a decrescer após 2013

    ENCADEAMENTOS SETORIAIS, ESPECIALIZAÇÃO PRODUTIVA E DINAMISMO DA MINERAÇÃO NO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS

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    During the early 2000s, with Brazil's expressive growth of commodity exports, most states benefited from developing this economic context. However, from 2011 onwards, the slowdown of the Chinese economy and fiscal austerity policies in developed economies impacted imports of primary goods. Even with this unfavorable context, the sectors associated with mining in the State of Minas Gerais continued to play an important role in the national economy. Based on this, focused on the mineral extractive sectors, one of the most traditional segments of the economy of Minas Gerais, this article aims to measure productive indicators for the sectors of the economy of Minas Gerais, such as the Rasmussen-Hirschman index and the multipliers of production, employment and income through the state's most recent Input-Output matrix, prepared by the João Pinheiro Foundation (2013). Furthermore, to analyze the specialization patterns and the dynamism of the extractive and metallurgical sectors, the locational quotients were measured, and the decomposition of employment growth was carried out using the differential-structural method (shift-share). The main results point to limited dynamism in the extractive and metallurgical sectors of Minas Gerais. Despite the state's productive concentration in such sectors, they could not generate relevant, effective linkages within the state's productive structure, just as they did not stand out in the generation of production, employment, and income multipliers.Durante o início dos anos 2000, com o crescimento expressivo das exportações de commodities pelo Brasil, grande parte dos estados se beneficiaram com os desdobramentos desse contexto econômico. No entanto, a partir de 2011, a desaceleração da economia chinesa e políticas de austeridade fiscal de economias desenvolvidas impactaram as importações de bens primários. Mesmo com esse contexto desfavorável, os setores associados a mineração no Estado de Minas Gerais permaneceram desempenhando um papel relevante na economia nacional. Com base nisso, focado nos setores extrativos minerais, um dos segmentos mais tradicionais da economia Mineira, o presente artigo objetiva mensurar indicadores produtivos para os setores da economia de Minas Gerais, como o índice de Rasmussen-Hirschman e os multiplicadores da produção, emprego e renda por meio da matriz de Insumo-Produto mais recente do estado, elaborada pela Fundação João Pinheiro (2013). Além disso, para analisar os padrões de especialização e o dinamismo dos setores extrativo e metalúrgico foram mensurados os quocientes locacionais e realizada a decomposição do crescimento do emprego por meio do método diferencial-estrutural (shift-share). Os principais resultados apontaram para um dinamismo limitado dos setores extrativos e metalúrgicos de Minas Gerais. Apesar da concentração produtiva do estado em tais setores, estes não foram capazes de gerar encadeamentos produtivos relevantes dentro da estrutura produtiva do estado, assim como não se destacaram na geração de multiplicadores de produção, emprego e renda

    SEGREGAÇÃO RESIDENCIAL E REDES SOCIAIS FORMADAS NAS ESCOLAS: EFEITOS SOBRE A RENDA DOS TRABALHADORES NA CIDADE DE SALVADOR

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    The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of spatial segregation between whites and blacks, and their social networks formed in schools, on the wages of workers in the city of Salvador. Empirical studies show that Salvador is the most segregated city in Brazil. The theoretical literature suggests that social networks are formed mainly in schools, and have a crucial role both in the spread of job opportunities in the indication of potential candidates to fill them. In this context, the evolution of the urban structure of the city of Salvador, mostly from the 1950s, generates a phenomenon of socio-spatial segregation. Thus, from both School and Population Brazilian 2010 Census, we calculated the dissimilarity indexes for the degree of spatial segregation of elementary school students in the city of Salvador, to verify the displacement of mincerian equations wage regarding the level of segregation between whites and blacks. The results showed that the predominance of whites in private schools, in the most affluent areas of the city, increases segregation in the city. Moreover, segregation positively affects expected salary of whites and reduces the expected value for blacks.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o impacto da segregação espacial entre brancos e negros, e respectivas redes sociais formadas nas escolas, sobre os salários dos trabalhadores da cidade de Salvador. Os estudos empíricos mostram que Salvador é a cidade mais segregada do Brasil. A literatura teórica aponta que as redes sociais são formadas principalmente nas escolas, e passam a assumir uma função crucial tanto na disseminação das oportunidades de emprego como na indicação de candidatos em potencial para ocupá-los. Nesse contexto, a evolução da estrutura urbana da cidade de Salvador, principalmente a partir da década de 1950, ocorreu de forma a gerar um fenômeno de segregação sócio-espacial. Desse modo, a partir de dados do Censo Escolar e do Censo Demográfico de 2010, foram calculados os índices de dissimilaridade referente ao grau de segregação espacial dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental da cidade de Salvador, para verificar o deslocamento de equações mincerianas de salários, em função do nível de segregação espacial entre brancos e negros. Os resultados mostraram que o predomínio de brancos nas escolas particulares, naturalmente nas áreas mais abastadas da cidade, faz com que segregação aumente na cidade. Além disso, a segregação afeta positivamente o salário esperado de brancos e reduz o valor esperado para os negros

    Genetic divergence between clones of guarana

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    As técnicas multivariadas, para estimar a diversidade genética de um grupo de progenitores, têm sido utilizadas com freqüência pelos melhoristas de plantas. Os progenitores são utilizados em cruzamentos biparentais ou múltiplos, para formação de populações segregantes que tenham maior probabilidade de recuperação de genótipos superiores. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar clones de guaranazeiro produtivos e divergentes que possam ser utilizados em um programa de cruzamentos para obter híbridos com alto valor heterótico e materiais para propagação vegetativa. Foram avaliados 148 clones de guaranazeiro atualmente em uso no programa de melhoramento genético da Embrapa-Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal da Amazônia Ocidental. Utilizou-se, para estimativa da divergência genética, a análise de agrupamento, em que a medida de dissimilaridade utilizada foi a distância euclidiana média padronizada e os métodos de agrupamento de otimização de Tocher e do vizinho mais próximo para construção do dendrograma entre grupos de clones. Houve a formação de sete grupos divergentes de clones. Concluiu-se que a divergência genética entre os clones não é grande, pois dois grupos foram formados com dois clones e três grupos foram formados somente com um único clone. Os clones CMU384 e CMU801 foram os mais próximos geneticamente e podem ser utilizados na formação de uma população com desenvolvimento vegetativo uniforme para uso em plantios comerciais.The multivariate techniques to estimate the genetic diversity of a group of progenitors has been used by plant breeders. The progenitors are still being used in parental or multiple crossings to form segregating populations that have larger probability of recovering superior genotypes. This work was carried out with the objective of identifying guarana clones with high production and divergent clones that can be used in a crossing program in order to obtain hybrids with heterosis, as well as materials for vegetative propagation. One hundred and forty-eight clones of guarana in use at this moment in the genetic breeding program of Embrapa-Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal da Amazônia Ocidental were studied. To estimate the genetic divergence, the cluster analysis was used in which the measure of dissimilarity used was the euclidian average standardized distance and the Tocher's method of grouping and a single linkage method to make up a dendrogram between groups of clones. There was formation of seven divergent groups. It was concluded that the genetic divergence between the clones is not large because two groups with two clones and three groups with one clone have been formed. The CMU384 and CMU801 clones were the genetically closest and could be used to form a population with uniform vegetative development for use in commercial plantations

    Wildfire, deforestation and health in tropical rainforest areas: a scoping review protocol.

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    INTRODUCTION: Wildfires and deforestation potentially have direct effects on multiple health outcomes as well as indirect consequences for climate change. Tropical rainforest areas are characterised by high rainfall, humidity and temperature, and they are predominantly found in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aims to synthesise the methods, data and health outcomes reported in scientific papers on wildfires and deforestation in these locations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will carry out a scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) manual for scoping reviews and the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, and Levac et al. The search for articles was performed on 18 August 2023, in 16 electronic databases using Medical Subject Headings terms and adaptations for each database from database inception. The search for local studies will be complemented by the manual search in the list of references of the studies selected to compose this review. We screened studies written in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. We included quantitative studies assessing any human disease outcome, hospitalisation and vital statistics in regions of tropical rainforest. We exclude qualitative studies and quantitative studies whose outcomes do not cover those of interest. The text screening was done by two independent reviewers. Subsequently, we will tabulate the data by the origin of the data source used, the methods and the main findings on health impacts of the extracted data. The results will provide descriptive statistics, along with visual representations in diagrams and tables, complemented by narrative summaries as detailed in the JBI guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study does not require an ethical review as it is meta-research and uses published, deidentified secondary data sources. The submission of results for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at scientific and policymakers' conferences is expected. STUDY REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/pnqc7/)

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

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    A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost
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